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The adoption of DNA-based assessments for biodiversity monitoring has been on the rise. However, the effectiveness of DNA-based taxonomic assignments heavily relies on the availability and reliability of DNA barcode libraries. There is growing demand for a comprehensive understanding of aquatic biodiversity and the critical role of Chironomidae, specifically Stenochironomus in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, our objective is to develop a reference barcode library for Stenochironomus in China. From 2016 to 2021, we collected Stenochironomus specimens in diverse Chinese landscapes using malaise traps, light traps, and sweep nets. These specimens were carefully preserved for DNA extraction and barcode sequencing. Our analysis unveiled 36 unique operational taxonomic units from 180 COI barcode sequences through a Neighbor-Joining tree and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery program, highlighting a significant diversity within the Stenochironomus species. The findings emphasize the constraints of conventional morphological identification methods, especially for species with ambiguous morphologies. It also underscores the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in revealing hidden species diversity, known as cryptic species. Consequently, this study advocates for an integrated taxonomic approach, combining morphological and molecular data, to refine species identification and conservation strategies.

C26H18BrN3O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.5191(14) Å, b = 23.056(3) Å, c = 10.0556(15) Å, β = 95.470(3)°, V = 2196.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0640, wRref(F2) = 0.1645, T = 296(2) K.

C18H16Cl4N2O3V, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 7.8555(3) Å, b = 21.6645(7) Å, c = 23.7584(8) Å, V = 4043.3(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0296, wRref(F2) = 0.0799, T = 296(2) K.

Hematological malignancies are a group of cancers that affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be responsible for the initiation, progression, and relapse of hematological malignancies. However, identifying and targeting CSCs presents many challenges. We aimed to develop a stemness index (HSCsi) to identify and guide the therapy targeting CSCs in hematological malignancies. We developed a novel one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm to identify transcriptomic feature sets related to stemness in hematologic malignancies. We used the HSCsi to measure the stemness degree of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and correlate it with clinical outcomes.We analyze the correlation of HSCsi with genes and pathways involved in drug resistance and immune microenvironment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). HSCsi revealed stemness-related biological mechanisms in hematologic malignancies and effectively identify LSCs. The index also predicted survival and relapse rates of various hematologic malignancies. We also identified potential drugs and interventions targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) of hematologic malignancies by the index. Moreover, we found a correlation between stemness and bone marrow immune microenvironment in AML. Our study provides a novel method and tool to assess the stemness degree of hematologic malignancies and its implications for clinical outcomes and therapeutic strategies. Our HSC stemness index can facilitate the precise stratification of hematologic malignancies, suggest possible targeted and immunotherapy options, and guide the selection of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A full scale water-cooled Passive Residual Heat Removal System was designed and built for a 2 MW Molten Salt Reactor. In the process of heating the water tank, the heat transfer characteristics of the condenser in the system had an important impact on the temperature distribution and the development of thermal stratification in the water tank. Therefore, the heat transfer characteristics of the condenser at single-phase natural convection stage need to be experimentally researched and theoretically analyzed. Aiming at the condenser in the system, a series of experiments were carried out. Considering the influence of tube bundle effect on natural convection heat transfer, a set of theories using hydraulic diameter as characteristic length were put forward and applied to analyze the experimental results, which indicated the good agreement with the previous correlations consequently. This study can provide theoretical feasibility and experimental reference for the design of commercial molten salt reactor system in the future.

(1) Background: Chironomids are biological indicators, playing an important role in monitoring and assessing the changes in water ecosystems. Mitochondrial genomes have been widely applied as a molecular marker to analyze the taxonomy and phylogeny of insects. However, knowledge of the mitogenomes of Chironomus species is scarce at present, which limits our understanding of the evolutionary relationships among Chironomus. (2) Methods: In our study, the mitogenomes and their basic structure of 12 Chironomus species and one Microchironomus species were newly sequenced. Combined with reported mitogenomes, a total of 15 mitogenomes of Chironomus were selected for a comparative mitogenomic analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction of Chironomus. (3) Results: Each mitogenome of the Chironomus species has the typical 37 genes and a control region. The basic structure of the whole mitogenomes of Chironomus species is relatively conservative, and the genetic arrangements stay the same as the ancestral mitogenome. (4) Conclusions: Our study enriches the library of mitogenomes of chironomids and provides a valuable resource for understanding the evolutionary history of Chironomus.

C18H16Cl4N2O3V, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 7.8555(3) Å, b = 21.6645(7) Å, c = 23.7584(8) Å, V = 4043.3(2) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0296, wRref(F2) = 0.0799, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C26H18BrN3O2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.5191(14) Å, b = 23.056(3) Å, c = 10.0556(15) Å, β = 95.470(3)°, V = 2196.9(6) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0640, wR ref (F 2) = 0.1645, T = 296(2) K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic effect of atorvastatin on alveolar bone defect model in rats, and to observe the effect of atorvastatin on Wnt/β-catenin., Methods: Thirty rats were randomly divided into normal group (group N), model group (group M) and atorvastatin administration group (group ATV). Except group N, bone defects were made in other rats' alveolar bone to construct alveolar bone defect model. After successful modeling, 20 mg/kg atorvastatin suspension was administered by gavage in group ATV, and the same amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution was administered by gavage in group N and group M for twenty-one days. After the last administration, tail vein blood was collected to detect the concentrations of serum osteoprotegerin (OPG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (BPG). H-E staining was used to observe the pathological changes of maxillary defect area, and lane Sandhu score was performed. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP) staining was used to detect the number of osteoclasts in the defect area. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) and Western blot(WB) were used to detect Wnt, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA protein expression. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 23.0 software package., Results: Compared with group N, the concentrations of OPG, ALP, BGP and Lane Sandhu score in group M decreased, and the number of osteoclasts increased. Compared with group M, the concentrations of OPG, ALP and BGP and lane Sandhu score in group ATV increased, and the number of osteoclasts decreased. After H-E staining, the amount of bone formation in maxillary defect area in group N was more,there was fewer bone tissues in the defect area in group M, the amount of bone tissues in the defect area increased in group ATV. Compared with group N, Wnt, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA protein decreased. Compared with group M, Wnt, β-catenin and Runx2 mRNA protein expression increased., Conclusions: Atorvastatin can promote the healing of alveolar bone defect and accelerate bone reconstruction in rat models. This effect may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) has received increased attention from the academic community because it combines the excellent selectivity of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the high efficiency of capillary electrophoresis (CE). Selecting the most appropriate stationary phase material is crucial to achieve better separation effects in CEC. In recent years, a considerable number of materials, such as graphene oxide, proteins, metal organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely used as stationary phases in CEC to further improve its separation performance and extend its scope of potential applications. Among these materials, COFs have shown great application prospects in CEC owing to their unique properties, which include high porosity, large surface area, excellent stability, tunable pore size, and high designability of the framework structure. This review systematically summarizes published papers on the development and application of COFs in CEC from 2016 to 2023. First, two COF-based capillary columns (i. e., open-tube CEC columns and monolithic CEC columns) and their preparation methods are introduced. Second, the applications of CEC based on COF stationary phases in the separation of environmental endocrine disruptors, pesticides, aromatic compounds, amino acids, and drugs, particularly chiral drugs, are systematically summarized. The separation mechanism of CEC based on COF stationary phases is also introduced. At present, the good separation ability of COF-based CEC is mainly attributed to two factors: 1) The size exclusion effect of the pores of the COF stationary phase. Because of differences in the sizes of their organic molecular building units and side chains, COFs have varying pore sizes and topological structures. Thus, target analytes smaller than the pores of the COFs can enter the frameworks and interact with them during separation. On the other hand, target analytes larger than the pores of the COFs cannot enter the frameworks and interact with them during separation; thus, they can be separated. 2) The interactions between the target analytes and side chains (e. g., hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, etc.) of the COFs. Since COFs usually contain alkyl side chains, aromatic structures, and oxygen and/or nitrogen atoms with high electronegativity, various interactions could occur between the COFs and target analytes. Finally, directions for the future development and strategic application of CEC based on COF stationary phases are proposed. We believe that future research in CEC based on COF stationary phases should focus on the following aspects: 1) The use of cheminformatics to design and construct COFs to improve the efficiency of COF capillary column preparation; 2) the development of milder methods to synthesize COFs that can meet the requirements of high performance COF capillary columns; and 3) in-depth research to explore the separation mechanism of CEC based on COF stationary phases to provide theoretical guidance for developing CEC methods suitable for the separation and analysis of complex samples.