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The IR and UV absorption spectra of CO 2 + isolated in solid neon were studied by using our newly built mass-selective matrix isolation system. The IR absorption spectrum revealed the formation of CO2 in both cationic and anionic forms in solid Ne, since neutral CO2 was also used to serve as an electron scavenger in this study. Subsequently, we recorded the UV absorption spectrum of the same matrix sample in the spectral region 270−400 nm, encompassing the electronic transitions of CO 2 + from the ground state to the first two electronic excited states. Notably, the observation of the electronic transition A 2 Π u ← X 2 Π g was dominated by the vibrational progression of the symmetric CO stretching mode, while a single sharp band was observed in the electronic transition B 2 Σ u + ← X 2 Π g. The presented spectra might be useful for future studies on terrestrial and astrochemical conjunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenoxide anions (PhO−) and phenoxy radicals (PhO) were generated by the electron bombardment of a phenol/argon sample during matrix deposition. Further irradiation of the matrix sample at 365 nm led to the detachment of the electron from PhO− and afforded its neutral counterpart PhO in solid Ar. In a separate experiment, the photolysis of a phenol/Ar matrix at 160 nm mainly afforded PhO, phenyl (Ph) radicals, and various open‐chain ketenes, but no PhO−. The Infrared (IR) lines of PhO− were assigned on the basis of the observed photochemical behaviors and the prediction of the vibrational wavenumbers with the corresponding IR intensities predicted by the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVTZ theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese patent medicine is commonly used in China as an important treatment mechanism to thwart the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5, among which Niaoduqing granules are a representative Chinese patent medicine; however, its long-term efficacy on CKD prognosis remains unclear., Methods: Patients were grouped according to Niaoduqing granule prescription duration (non-Niaoduqing granule (non-NDQ) group vs Niaoduqing granule (NDQ) group). Serum creatinine (SCr) variation was compared using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Multivariate Cox regression models were constructed, adjusting for confounding factors, to explore the risk of composite outcomes (receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) or having an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , ≥50% decline in the eGFR from the baseline, and doubling of SCr) in individuals consuming Niaoduqing granules., Results: A total of 1,271 patients were included, with a median follow-up duration of 29.71 (12.10, 56.07) months. The mean SCr Z-scores for the non-NDQ group and NDQ group were -0.175 and 0.153, respectively, at baseline ( p = 0.015). The coefficients of the NDQ group from visit 1 to visit 5 were -0.207 (95% CI: -0.346, -0.068, p = 0.004), -0.214 (95% CI: 0.389, -0.039, p = 0.017), -0.324 (95% CI: 0.538, -0.109, p = 0.003), -0.502 (95% CI: 0.761, -0.243, p = 0.000), and -0.252 (95% CI: 0.569, 0.065, p = 0.119), respectively. The survival probability was significantly higher in the NDQ group ( p = 0.0039). Taking Niaoduqing granules was a significant protective factor for thwarting disease progression (model 1: HR 0.654 (95% CI 0.489-0.875, p = 0.004); model 2: HR 0.646 (95% CI 0.476, 0.877, p = 0.005); and model 3: HR 0.602 (95% CI 0.442, 0.820, p = 0.001))., Conclusion: The long-term use of Niaoduqing granules improved SCr variation and lowered the risk of CKD progression by 39.8%., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chen, Lin, Han, Zhang, Wang, Chen, Pi, Fu, Tang, Jie, Tang, Liu and Wu.)

The observation that the ortho to para ratio (OPR) of interstellar H 2 O is smaller than 3 is an important yet unresolved subject in astronomy. We irradiated O 2 embedded in solid H 2 at 3 K with vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light and observed IR lines associated with para -H 2 O (denoted as p H 2 O) and nonrotating H 2 O-( o H 2 ) n (where o H 2 denotes ortho -H 2 ) but no lines associated with ortho -H 2 O (denoted as o H 2 O). After maintaining the matrix in darkness for ∼30 h, the amount of p H 2 O decreased, accompanied by an increase in H 2 O-( o H 2 ) n via diffusion of o H 2 . After that, the continuous nuclear-spin conversion from o H 2 to para -H 2 (denoted as p H 2 ) in solid H 2 over time resulted in the conversion of nonrotating H 2 O-( o H 2 ) n to rotating p H 2 O in solid p H 2 . The observation of the formation and conversion of p H 2 O in our experiment suggests a plausible route in which VUV irradiation of O 2 and H 2 adsorbed on grain surfaces might be responsible for the smaller OPR of interstellar H 2 O.