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The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy after 2007 has brought new dynamic changes to the business environment where this primary Bulgarian industry functions. Getting financial incentives to support income as well as incentives to comply with other European policies distorts the business environment in Bulgaria. The land reform has been a key element of the agricultural transformation during the long-term transition in Bulgaria, which aims to create favourable conditions for the establishment of market economy by decentralizing the process and restoring the right of ownership to all owners and their heirs. The problems related to the study of land relations are of eternal relevance and significance. The importance of land relations is much more essential for the sustainable development of the viable rural regions in Bulgaria, having in mind the favourable natural conditions and the traditions inextricably interwoven with the agricultural sector in the country. The comprehensive research of land relations is a key condition for studying their impact on the socio-economic processes and relations, thus focusing on certain synergistic opportunities for the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. The purpose of this article is to describe, present and analyze the role and challenges of land relations, as well as the related issues that are fundamental for the state of agriculture and the place of the sector in Bulgarian economy as a whole. The study also has a narrow focus on achieving the key goal of intensifying the links between education, business and public authorities in general. For the research analysis we will apply the scientific approach as well as the following methodological framework such as complex and structural analysis. The study focuses on the challenges and problems in the development of land relations in Bulgaria, as well as the range of land relations related to the social, economic, management and legal environment in Bulgaria. The institutional environment in Bulgarian agriculture is a complex system of symbiotic relationships, dynamically changing under the influence of national and sectoral legislation. The challenges and issues of land relations are an extremely complex social phenomenon. The economic, social and environmental influences involved in it has a two-way impact on the agricultural sector. The harmonization and improvement of institutional framework in compliance with the requirements of the EU - development of sectoral legislation, re-structuring of agricultural farms, as well as various aspects of the implementation of the CAP, competitiveness and development of rural regions, are part of the issues and challenges related to the sustainable development of land relations and the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The land reform has been a key element of the agricultural transformation during the long-term transition in Bulgaria, which aims to create favorable conditions for the establishment of market economy by decentralizing the process and restoring the right of ownership to all owners and their heirs. Ever since the crucial 1989, the agricultural sector has experienced some serious changes, the most important of them being the implementation of the land reform and restitution of land in its real borders, and it has also faced some serious issues, such as destruction of the old production structures, privatization, as well as the lack of purposeful government policy or support for Bulgarian agriculture. The concept of agricultural extension services is to support the development of human resources, as well as to provide a good source of information necessary to solve the current issues that farmers in rural areas are facing today. The role of consultancy, which consists in creating an environment that favours the development of agriculture and rural areas, including incentives to support agricultural production, political stability and the system for land resource use, will guarantee the producer benefits that derive from the improvements made to their agricultural practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Discrete Structural Analysis (DSA) of the contracts gravitating around the agricultural lands in Bulgaria are made. In practice, this means looking at both market and non-market frameworks of exchange or protection of agricultural land ownership rights. To do this, a methodology from economics, law, and organization is used. Temporal historical methods are combined to review legal norms and economic institutions, their interactions, and what impact they define in different contractual frameworks. Contracts presented as Governance Structure (GS) -- a set of fragments related to institutional actors, their behavior as a set of transactions; institutional effects -- Transaction Costs (TrCs). What happens in the contracts related to agricultural lands should serve to improve the conditions in which the actor functions, which is always related to establishing the "mistakes" of the system, illuminating a trajectory that would improve their adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The institutional environment in Bulgarian agricultural sector is a complex system of relationships, dynamically changing under the influence of national and sectoral legislation. Over the last 16 years, was characterized as a difficult period for agriculture and land relations in Bulgaria -- because of insufficient legislation the Ownership and Use of Agricultural Land Act about 34 changes have been made to the Act, which are directed in the interest of agricultural users. The changes made concern the concluded contracts for the use and lease of the agricultural land. The dynamics and future changes in land relations are inextricably linked to changes in European and national policy. Receiving European subsidies and financial support to the income of Bulgarian farmers deforms the economic environment in our country. The European subsidies are a key motive and priority for farmers. The purpose of this paper is to describe the state in Bulgarian agricultural sector which is characterized by intensity and dynamics, more complexity and instability. The value of the gross agricultural output had declined during the last years. This research work is based on the following methodological approaches: complex, structural and comparative. The theoretical framework of this article provides a summary overview of the main institutional changes in the agricultural policy and the structure of land relations in Bulgaria. For the purposes of the research different information sources have been used - scientific journals, as well as the author's own research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land relations are public relations arising on the basis of land use as an indispensable means of production in the agricultural sector. The purpose of this article is to analyze the challenges and trends in Bulgarian agriculture which is characterized by great intensity and dynamics. In the research of land relations, scientific approach is applied as well as the following methodological approaches: systematic, complex, structural, comparative and value-measuring. The methodical framework of this article provides a summary overview of the main changes in the agricultural policy and the structure of land relations in Bulgaria. For the purposes of the research different information sources have been used - scientific journals, publications by Bulgarian authors, as well as the author's own research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitization is the key topic of our time. The impact of new technologies has a huge potential especially in Bulgarian agriculture. In the conditions of the COVID-19 and financial crisis, Bulgarian agriculture faces a difficult choice -- farmers have to make serious investments in digitalization in order to be able to meet the European requirements related to food quality and environmental protection. The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the impact of digitalization on competitiveness of agricultural sector in Bulgaria, and to outline the direction related to the proper use of technologies for the rapid development of Bulgarian agriculture. The study is based on the documentation method which made of laws and regulations in the sphere of agriculture, as well as specific legislation related to digitalization. In the conditions of the COVID-pandemic which has accelerated the process of digitization and support for farmers who introduce digital technologies, innovative technologies for production and organization in agriculture, in order to increase the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in Bulgaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to develop and validate a methodology for analyzing and assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The process of establishing a methodology for analyzing and assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises covers two main stages -- (1) identification of indicators for analyzing and assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and (2) validation of indicators for assessing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises. The main methods used for designing the methodology are the multi-criteria analysis method and the expert assessment method. The markers for diagnostics of competitiveness of the agricultural enterprise are - competitiveness of the products produced by it; degree of adaptability towards the changing environment; price leadership and product differentiation; availability of innovation activity, degree of concentration of capital in the business model, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]