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IntroductionIntegrated knowledge regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and willingness to use PrEP can be useful for HIV prevention in high incidence groups. This review summarizes the awareness of PrEP and willingness to use PrEP among men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsOnline electronic databases were searched before 31 August 2021. A meta-analysis was conducted to pool studies analysing PrEP awareness and willingness to use PrEP. LOESS regression and linear regression were applied to fit the trends over time for the proportion of MSM aware of PrEP and willing to use PrEP. Dose-response meta-analysis (DRMA) was conducted by a restricted cubic spline model to explore the relationship between willingness to use PrEP and selected factors.Results and discussionA total of 156 articles involving 228,403 MSM were included. The pooled proportions of MSM aware of PrEP and willing to use PrEP were 50.0 (95% CI: 44.8-55.2) and 58.6% (95% CI: 54.8-62.4), respectively. PrEP awareness varied among countries with different economic status and different WHO regions, among different publication and research years, PrEP types and support policies. PrEP willingness differed among countries with different economic status and groups with different risks of HIV. The awareness of PrEP increased from 2007 to 2019 with a slope of 0.040260 (p

H32Li6O44V10, orthorhombic, Pnnm (no. 58), a = 10.3463(7) Å, b = 17.6637(14) Å, c = 9.2458(8) Å, V = 1689.7(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0436, wRref(F2) = 0.1271, T = 293 K.

C48H40Cl4O4, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 7.1407(5) Å, b = 12.5905(8) Å, c = 24.6662(17) Å, α = 103.442(6)°, β = 93.551(5)°, γ = 101.219(5)°, V = 2102.3(2) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0595, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1641, T = 293 K.

Objective To knock out PIN1 gene of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs) by clustered regular interval short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system in order to establish PIN1 knockout porcine fetal fibroblast cell lines. Methods Firstly, the homology of the PIN1 gene between humans and pigs was analyzed. Secondly, 2 sgRNAs targeting the second exon region of the porcine PIN1 gene were designed using online tools (http://crispor.tefor.net/) and then cloned into the pX330 (addgene #42230) skeleton plasmid. Finally, the PIN1 targeting plasmid and Neomycin resistant plasmid were co-transfected into PFFs. G418 screening was used to obtain resistant single-cell colonies. Sanger sequencing, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were adopted to determine the PIN1 genotypes and expression levels, respectively. Results The bioinformatics analysis showed that the amino acid sequence consistency and similarity of human and pig PIN1 proteins were 98%, and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value of their 3-dimensional structures was 0.014. Fifteen homozygous monoclonal cell lines with PIN1 gene knockout were obtained, and the PIN1 protein was disrupted entirely in those PIN1 knockout colonies at translational level. Conclusion The PIN1 gene is efficiently knocked out in PFFs by a double sgRNAs-guided CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the porcine fetal fibroblast cell lines with PIN1 gene knocked out are successfully established.

C25H23BrO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6229(7) Å, b = 21.7953(16) Å, c = 10.9104(6) Å, β = 109.330(7)°, V = 2159.3(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0499, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1385, T = 293 K.

Introduction: Social network strategies, in which social networks are utilized to influence individuals or communities, are increasingly being used to deliver human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interventions to key populations. We summarized and critically assessed existing research on the effectiveness of social network strategies in promoting HIV self‐testing (HIVST). Methods: Using search terms related to social network interventions and HIVST, we searched five databases for trials published between 1st January 2010 and 30th June 2023. Outcomes included uptake of HIV testing, HIV prevalence and linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART) or HIV care. We used network meta‐analysis to assess the uptake of HIV testing through social network strategies compared with control methods. A pairwise meta‐analysis of studies with a comparison arm that reported outcomes was performed to assess relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Among the 4496 manuscripts identified, 39 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, including one quasi‐experimental study, 22 randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. Networks HIVST testing was organized by peers (distributed to known peers, 15 studies), partners (distributed to their sexual partners, 16 studies) and peer educators (distributed to unknown peers, 8 studies). Among social networks, simulating the possibilities of ranking position, peer distribution had the highest uptake of HIV testing (84% probability), followed by partner distribution (80% probability) and peer educator distribution (74% probability). Pairwise meta‐analysis showed that peer distribution (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.54−3.39, 5 studies) and partner distribution (RR 1.76, 95% CI 1.50−2.07, 10 studies) also increased the probability of detecting HIV reactivity during testing within the key population when compared to the control. Discussion: All of the three social network distribution strategies enhanced the uptake of HIV testing compared to standard facility‐based testing. Linkage to ART or HIV care remained comparable to facility‐based testing across the three HIVST distribution strategies. Conclusions: Network‐based HIVST distribution is considered effective in augmenting HIV testing rates and reaching marginalized populations compared to facility‐based testing. These strategies can be integrated with the existing HIV care services, to fill the testing gap among key populations globally. PROSPERO Number: CRD42022361782 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]