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Numerous teachers face significant challenges teaching students with SEN, possibly stemming from a lack of guidance in translating broad principles formulated in teacher effectiveness frameworks into context-specific effective teaching behaviors. This study addresses this issue by outlining teachers' translations and comparing them across teachers from two classroom settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 mainstream and 12 special education teachers and a template analysis revealed: (1) teachers mentioning a multitude of translations, highlighting numerous general effective teaching principles and (2) key differences between the two teacher groups concerning the 'within-class differentiation' and the 'activating or reviewing prior and background knowledge' indicator. • Teachers translate broad didactical principles into context-specific teaching behaviors to meet individual student needs. • Teachers in the field confirm the effectiveness of broad didactical principles for students with SEN. • Special and mainstream education teachers use different effective teaching behaviors to support students with SEN. • Special and mainstream teachers differ in within-classroom differentiation and activating prior or background knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]