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Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth, a native medicinal plant, has been used to treat diabetes for centuries; however, comprehensive documentation of its bioactive constituents and therapeutic effectiveness is lacking. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical profile and antidiabetic potential of D. elliptica methanolic leaf extract (DEME) in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ). In normal rats, acute oral toxicity evaluations were conducted, and in STZ-induced rats, antidiabetic properties were investigated. 14 days of oral administration of standard glibenclamide and the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rodents. Assessed parameters included blood glucose levels, alterations in body weight, biochemical markers, and histological analysis of the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Numerous phytoconstituents were uncovered through qualitative phytochemical assays, 1H NMR, and 1H–13C HSQC screening. Quercetin was identified by 1H NMR characterization, and a ceramide analogue compound was isolated and partially characterized by 1H NMR. There were no indications of toxicity or mortality. The treatment with DEME significantly (p

Three new rotenoids, named derieliptosides A-C (1–3), were isolated from the stems of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. Their structures were determined by HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. Absolute configurations of them were elucidated by analysis of ECD spectra in comparison with TD-DFT calculation. Compounds 1–3 inhibited the growth of fungus Candida albicans and selectively inhibited bacterial strains. Of these, compound 1 showed selective inhibition on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis (MIC: 37.5 µM and IC50: 10.6 µM), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 75 µM and IC50: 22.7 µM), and C. albicans (MIC: 37.5 µM and IC50: 11.2 µM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new glycosides, derriacuminosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the stems of Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. Their chemical structures were determined by interpretations of HRESIMS and NMR spectra. The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 1 - 3 were evaluated by inhibiting NO production in LPS activated RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 1-3 potentially inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 26.54 ± 3.08, 26.35 ± 1.37, and 49.71 ± 2.93 µM, respectively, compared to the positive control, L-NMMA (IC50 35.56 ± 2.98 µM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • No toxicity or mortality demonstrates the extract's safety. • D. elliptica methanolic leaf extract possesses significant antidiabetic activity. • Quercetin and ceramide were identified as potential phytoconstituents from the plant. • D. elliptica could be a promising alternative treatment for diabetes. Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth, a native medicinal plant, has been used to treat diabetes for centuries; however, comprehensive documentation of its bioactive constituents and therapeutic effectiveness is lacking. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical profile and antidiabetic potential of D. elliptica methanolic leaf extract (DEME) in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ). In normal rats, acute oral toxicity evaluations were conducted, and in STZ-induced rats, antidiabetic properties were investigated. 14 days of oral administration of standard glibenclamide and the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rodents. Assessed parameters included blood glucose levels, alterations in body weight, biochemical markers, and histological analysis of the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Numerous phytoconstituents were uncovered through qualitative phytochemical assays, 1H NMR, and 1H–13C HSQC screening. Quercetin was identified by 1H NMR characterization, and a ceramide analogue compound was isolated and partially characterized by 1H NMR. There were no indications of toxicity or mortality. The treatment with DEME significantly (p < 0.001) decreased body weight and had a remarkable hypoglycemic effect. Both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg extract concentrations decreased total cholesterol levels significantly (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, glibenclamide and the 400 mg/kg dose of extract increased serum insulin levels substantially (p < 0.05) and decreased total bilirubin, lactic acid dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels. In addition to glibenclamide, treatment with DEME has exhibited cytoprotective effects and increased insulin secretion, thereby exerting a potent antihyperglycemic effect. These results suggest that D. elliptica may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different application frequencies of tubli root, Derris elliptica extracts against diamondback moth (DBM), were assessed to determine the impact on the growth and yield of pechay, Brassica rapa crop. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four treatments replicated 3 times. The application started a day after transplanting. The treatment of the extract given 7 times at 3 days intervals after transplanting (T1 ) significantly resulted in the lower mean DBM population of 1.90, 0.70, and 0.30 at 7, 21, and 28 days after transplanting, respectively. Relative to plants applied with tubli root extracts 4 times at 6 days intervals after transplanting (T2 ), the mean reduction of the moth was 2.50, 0.96, and 0.83, respectively. It was evident that plants treated with tubli root extracts 7 times at 3-day intervals (T1 ) were significant in incurring the minor damage of 16% only at harvest. The treatments helped obtain good crops (98.36 g/hill), a high yield (7.17 kg/plot), and a higher percentage of marketable plants (91.77%/plot) compared to other treatments of the extract with lesser frequencies, like 4 times at 6 days intervals after transplanting (T2 ), 3 times at 9 days intervals after transplanting (T3 ), and plants without treatment (T0 ). Overall, the growth of pechay was not affected by the different application frequencies of tubli root extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts of &lt;i&gt;D. elliptica&lt;/i&gt; root have high larvicidal activity against &lt;i&gt;Aedes aegypti&lt;/i&gt; larvae, the primary vector of dengue but have not been understood their potential against &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; larvae, the secondary vector of dengue that also transmits Chikungunya and Zika viruses. This &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; study aims to understand the larvicidal activity of the 3 extract types of &lt;i&gt;D. elliptica &lt;/i&gt;root against &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; larvae. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The tuba root extract types were obtained from the sequential extraction process with 3 steps of liquid-liquid partition as described in the previous report. Six concentrations were occupied in this experiment ranging of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg L&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; each concentration was 5 times replicated and placed in 250 mL plastic cups. As many as 20 of 3rd instar larvae of &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; were subjected in each treatment cup and larval mortality was observed after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Larval mortality rates based on concentration range of 13.75-97.00 and 43,75-100%, 14.00-44.00, 34.00-90.00%, 12.00-47.00 and 28.00-88.00%, with the LC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; after 24 and 48 hrs of exposure were 2.925 and 0.414, 16.184, 2.900, 15.789 and 4.380 mg L&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of tuba root have high larvicidal activity against &lt;i&gt;Ae. albopictus&lt;/i&gt; larvae. Further study on prototype formulation of larvicide and elucidation of the specific phytochemical compounds of the extracts were necessarily conducted.