16 results on '"Detlef Groth"'
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2. Improving ramification detection of St. Nicolas House Analysis
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Seve Chen, Cédric Moris, and Detlef Groth
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St. Nicolas Analysis ,snha ,network reconstruction ,R-squared gaining ,linear model check ,graph estimation ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) is a new graph estimation method for detection of extensive interactions among variables. It operates by ranking absolute bivariate correlation coefficients in descending order thereby creating hierarchic association chains. The latter characterizes dependence structures of interacting variables which can be visualized in a corresponding network graph as a chain of end-to-end connected edges representing direct relationships between the connected nodes. The important advantage of this relatively new approach is that it produces less false positive edges resulting from indirect or transitive associations than expected with standard correlation or linear model-based approaches. Here we aim to improve the detection of ramifications in graphs by addition of different data processing layers to SNHA. They include the combinations of the extensions R-squared gaining(RSG) and linear model check(LMC). SNHA together with these so-called extensions were benchmarked against default SNHA and other reference methods available for the programming language R. In the end combinations of RSG, LMC and Bootstrapping improve SNHA performance across different network types, albeit at the cost of longer computation time.
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- 2024
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3. Networks in Auxology – proceedings of the 31st Aschauer Soiree, held at Aschau, Germany, June 17th 2023
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Michael Hermanussen, Christiane Scheffler, Melanie Dammhahn, Detlef Groth, Cédric Moris, Tim Hake, Barry Bogin, Piotr Fedurek, Jesper Boldsen, Takashi Satake, Stef van Buuren, Jani Söderhäll, Chris Jefferies, Yehuda Limony, Jovanna Dahlgren, Julia Quitmann, Ingo Scheffler, Nino Nazirishvili, Ekaterine Kvaratskhelia, Annamaria Zsakai, Martin Musalek, Basak Koca Özer, Cansev Meşe Yavuz, Janina Tutkuviene, Laura Kasperiunaite, Simona Gervickaite, Sylvia Kirchengast, Slawomir Koziel, Aleksandra Gomula, Zbyszek Czapla, Antonia Rösler, Leslie Lieberman, Stephen Lieberman, and Martin Brüne
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Social hierarchies ,strategic growth adjustment ,Monte Carlo analysis ,life history strategy ,adherence and quality of life ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Twenty-seven scientists met for the annual Auxological conference held at Aschau, Germany, to particularly discuss the interaction between social factors and human growth, and to highlight several topics of general interest to the regulation of human growth. Humans are social mammals. Humans show and share personal interests and needs, and are able to strategically adjust size according to social position, with love and hope being prime factors in the regulation of growth. In contrast to Western societies, where body size has been shown to be an important predictor of socioeconomic status, egalitarian societies without formalized hierarchy and material wealth-dependent social status do not appear to similarly integrate body size and social network. Social network structures can be modeled by Monte Carlo simulation. Modeling dominance hierarchies suggests that winner-loser effects play a pivotal role in robust self-organization that transcends the specifics of the individual. Further improvements of the St. Nicolas House analysis using re-sampling/bootstrap techniques yielded encouraging results for exploring dense networks of interacting variables. Customized pediatric growth references, and approaches towards a Digital Rare Disease Growth Chart Library were presented. First attempts with a mobile phone application were presented to investigate the associations between maternal pre-pregnancy overweight, gestational weight gain, and the child’s future motor development. Clinical contributions included growth patterns of individuals with Silver-Russell syndrome, and treatment burden in children with growth hormone deficiency. Contributions on sports highlighted the fallacy inherent in disregarding the biological maturation status when interpreting physical performance outcomes. The meeting explored the complex influence of nutrition and lifestyle on menarcheal age of Lithuanian girls and emphasized regional trends in height of Austrian recruits. Examples of the psychosocial stress caused by the forced migration of modern Kyrgyz children and Polish children after World War II were presented, as well as the effects of nutritional stress during and after World War I. The session concluded with a discussion of recent trends in gun violence affecting children and adolescents in the United States, and aspects of life history theory using the example of "Borderline Personality Disorder." The features of this disorder are consistent with the notion that it reflects a "fast" life history strategy, with higher levels of allostatic load, higher levels of aggression, and greater exposure to both childhood adversity and chronic stress. The results were discussed in light of evolutionary guided research. In all contributions presented here, written informed consent was obtained from all participants in accordance with institutional Human investigation committee guidelines in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki amended October 2013, after information about the procedures used.
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- 2023
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4. Attitude towards purchasing consumer items can be extracted from Demographic and health survey India-2019-2020 (NFHS 5)
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Singha Roy Soumyajit, Mithun Sikdar, Nitish Mondal, Christiane Scheffler, Detlef Groth, and Michael Hermanussen
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consumer items ,national health surveys ,associated chains ,gross domestic production ,antropometry ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: National Health Surveys have been part of national health services in many countries, but their data are summary com- pilations and commonly used only for describing trends in health and living conditions. Aim: Tostatisticallydisclosenetworksofinteractingvariableswithin National Health Survey data. Sample and methods: We used anthropometric, educational, environ- mental and economic information of people of Sikkim, West Bengal, Telangana, and Gujarat, India, obtained by the Fifth Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). We applied a new statistical approach labeled as “St. Nicholas House Analysis” (SNHA). SNHA ranks absolute bivariate correlation coef- ficients in descending order according to magnitude. The method creates hierarchic “association chains” of correlation coefficients de- fined by sequences where reversing the start and end point does not alter the ordering of elements. Association chains characterize de- pendence structures within networks of extensively interacting variables. Results: SNHA disclosed fundamental differences in the network of anthropometric, educational, environmental and economic variables of the people of Sikkim, and the people of West Ben- gal, Telangana and Gujarat. Whereas relevant interactions among these variables were largely absent in the people of Sikkim, the variables formed characteristic star-shaped networks with wealth quintile and the possession of motorcycles in a strong central position, in the people of West Bengal, Telangana and Gujarat. Conclusion: Depicting association chains within net- works of extensively interacting variables such as health survey data appears to be a promising statisti- cal tool for disentangling the effects of environmen- tal circumstances, education, and social, economic, political and emotional (SEPE) factors on human growth.
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- 2023
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5. Significant, but not biologically relevant: Nosema ceranae infections and winter losses of honey bee colonies
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Vivian Schüler, Yuk-Chien Liu, Sebastian Gisder, Lennart Horchler, Detlef Groth, and Elke Genersch
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The analysis of a dataset collected over 15 years reveals no biological relevance of Nosema ceranae infections for colony losses; hence, N. ceranae is not considered a serious threat for honey bees in the background of Varroa destructor infestations.
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- 2023
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6. Environment, social behavior, and growth
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Michael Hermanussen, Christiane Scheffler, Aman Pulungan, Arup Ratan Bandyopadhyay, Jyoti Ratan Ghosh, Ayşegül Özdemir, Başak Koca Özer, Martin Musalek, Lidia Lebedeva, Elena Godina, Barry Bogin, Janina Tutkuviene, Milda Budrytė, Simona Gervickaite, Yehuda Limony, Sylvia Kirchengast, Peter Buston, Detlef Groth, Antonia Rösler, Nikolaos Gasparatos, Sergei Erofeev, Masiar Novine, Bárbara Navazo, Silvia Dahinten, Aleksandra Gomuła, Natalia Nowak-Szczepańska, and Sławomir Kozieł
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St. Nicolas House Analysis ,child growth ,body proportions ,social network ,public health ,migration ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Twenty-four scientists met for the annual Auxological conference held at Krobielowice castle, Poland, to discuss the diverse influences of the environment and of social behavior on growth following last year’s focus on growth and public health concerns (Hermanussen et al., 2022b). Growth and final body size exhibit marked plastic responses to ecological conditions. Among the shortest are the pygmoid people of Rampasasa, Flores, Indonesia, who still live under most secluded insular conditions. Genetics and nutrition are usually considered responsible for the poor growth in many parts of this world, but evidence is accumulating on the prominent impact of social embedding on child growth. Secular trends not only in the growth of height, but also in body proportions, accompany the secular changes in the social, economic and political conditions, with major influences on the emotional and educational circumstances under which the children grow up (Bogin, 2021). Aspects of developmental tempo and aspects of sports were discussed, and the impact of migration by the example of women from Bangladesh who grew up in the UK. Child growth was considered in particular from the point of view of strategic adjustments of individual size within the network of its social group. Theoretical considerations on network characteristics were presented and related to the evolutionary conservation of growth regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides that have been shown to link behavior and physical growth in the vertebrate species. New statistical approaches were presented for the evaluation of short term growth measurements that permit monitoring child growth at intervals of a few days and weeks.
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- 2023
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7. Human growth data analysis and statistics – the 5th Gülpe International Student Summer School
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Detlef Groth, Christiane Scheffler, and Michael Hermanussen
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Summer Schools ,Statistical Exercise ,Repetition ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The Summer School in Gülpe (Ecological Station of the University of Potsdam) offers an exceptional learning opportunity for students to apply their knowledge and skills to real-world problems. With the guidance of experienced human biologists, statisticians, and programmers, students have the unique chance to analyze their own data and gain valuable insights. This interdisciplinary setting not only bridges different research areas but also leads to highly valuable outputs. The progress of students within just a few days is truly remarkable, especially when they are motivated and receive immediate feedback on their questions, problems, and results. The Summer School covers a wide range of topics, with this year’s focus mainly on two areas: understanding the impact of socioeconomic and physiological factors on human development and mastering statistical techniques for analyzing data such as changepoint analysis and the St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA) to visualize interacting variables. The latter technique, born out of the Summer School’s emphasis on gaining comprehensive data insights and understanding major relationships, has proven to be a valuable tool for researchers in the field. The articles in this special issue demonstrate that the Summer School in Gülpe stands as a testament to the power of practical learning and collaboration. Students who attend not only gain hands-on experience but also benefit from the expertise of professionals and the opportunity to engage with peers from diverse disciplines.
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- 2023
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8. In Python available: St. Nicolas House Algorithm (SNHA) with bootstrap support for improved performance in dense networks
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Tim Hake, Bernhard Bodenberger, and Detlef Groth
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Python ,correlation ,network reconstruction ,bootstrap ,St. Nicolas house algorithm ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The St. Nicolas House algorithm (SNHA) finds association chains of direct dependent variables in a data set. The dependency is based on the correlation coefficient, which is visualized as an undirected graph. The network prediction is improved by a bootstrap routine. It enables the computation of the empirical p-value, which is used to evaluate the significance of the predicted edges. Synthetic data generated with the Monte Carlo method were used to firstly compare the Python package with the original R package, and secondly to evaluate the predicted network using the sensitivity, specificity, balanced classification rate and the Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC). The Python implementation yields the same results as the R package. Hence, the algorithm was correctly ported into Python. The SNHA scores high specificity values for all tested graphs. For graphs with high edge densities, the other evaluation metrics decrease due to lower sensitivity, which could be partially improved by using bootstrap,while for graphs with low edge densities the algorithm achieves high evaluation scores. The empirical p-values indicated that the predicted edges indeed are significant.
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- 2023
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9. Growth and Public Health Concerns
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Michael Hermanussen, Christiane Scheffler, Liza Wilke, Sonja Böker, Detlef Groth, Sylvia Kirchengast, Dominik Hagmann, Lidia Lebedeva, Elena Godina, Aleksandra Gomula, Jan M Konarski, Ayşegül Özdemir Başaran, Başak Koca Özer, Janina Tutkuviene, Simona Gervickaite, Dziugile Kersnauskaite, and Slawomir Koziel
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dominance ,prestige ,nutrition ,spatial difference ,developmental tempo ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Seventeen scientists met for this year’s conference on Auxology held at Krobielowice castle, Poland, to discuss growth and public health concerns. The regulation of growth is complex and besides metabolic and endocrine components including hypothalamic releasing factors, growth hormone and multiple downstream effectors, comprises the full spectrum of the psychosocial, economic and emotional environment including signaling dominance, competence, prestige, or subordination and indulgence, all of this being sensitive to urban or rural lifestyle, the political climate and with marked plasticity throughout history. New statistical techniques (St. Nicolas House Analysis) are presented for analyzing anthropometric variables for public health concerns. The impact of spatial differences on developmental tempo, growth in height, and the prevalence of childhood obesity are discussed as well as the impact of social mobility on obesity, and the benefits of the biopsychosocial status when getting along with socio-economic disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2022
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10. The arithmetic dilemma when defining thinness, overweight and obesity in stunted populations
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Michael Hermanussen, Masiar Novine, Christiane Scheffler, and Detlef Groth
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BMI ,stunting ,prevalence ,thinness ,obesity ,misclassification ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Critical cut-off values of BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) are used to define “thinness”, “overweight” and “obesity”, but the validity of these cut-off values needs to be questioned in populations that are shorter or taller than the reference. We hypothesized that the prevalence of thinness, overweight, and obesity depends on population height and performed a random simulation. Methods: We created virtual child populations aged 2-10 years with normally distributed height expressed as height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and weight expressed as weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), based on WHO growth standards and references, with a correlation r=0.7 between height and weight. We adjusted weight-for-height and calculated BAZ. Results: BAZ depends on height and age. In short children (mean HAZ=-2 to HAZ=-3), the prevalence of thinness falls to less than 1% in the youngest and rises up to 10% (mean HAZ=-2) and up to 13% (mean HAZ=-3) at age 10 years. The prevalence of obesity rises to up to 7% in the shortest and youngest and falls close to zero at age 10. Short young children and tall older children are more prone to be misclassified as overweight. Conclusions: The prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity depends on height and age. The coexistence of being short and being overweight – currently referred to as “double burden of malnutrition” – needs consideration as to what extent this condition is a health issue or reflects calculation artefacts. The arithmetic dilemma particularly affects young children in short populations. We suggest abstaining from defining “thinness”, “overweight”, or “obesity” by BMI z-scores. Different states of under- and malnutrition should rather be classified by direct or indirect measures of body fat.
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- 2022
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11. Network reconstruction based on synthetic data generated by a Monte Carlo approach
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Masiar Novine, Cecilie Cordua Mattsson, and Detlef Groth
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Monte Carlo method ,network reconstruction ,mcgraph ,random sampling ,linear enamel hypoplasia ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background: Network models are useful tools for researchers to simplify and understand investigated systems. Yet, the assessment of methods for network construction is often uncertain. Random resampling simulations can aid to assess methods, provided synthetic data exists for reliable network construction. Objectives: We implemented a new Monte Carlo algorithm to create simulated data for network reconstruction, tested the influence of adjusted parameters and used simulations to select a method for network model estimation based on real-world data. We hypothesized, that reconstructs based on Monte Carlo data are scored at least as good compared to a benchmark. Methods: Simulated data was generated in R using the Monte Carlo algorithm of the mcgraph package. Benchmark data was created by the huge package. Networks were reconstructed using six estimator functions and scored by four classification metrics. For compatibility tests of mean score differences, Welch’s t-test was used. Network model estimation based on real-world data was done by stepwise selection. Samples: Simulated data was generated based on 640 input graphs of various types and sizes. The real-world dataset consisted of 67 medieval skeletons of females and males from the region of Refshale (Lolland) and Nordby (Jutland) in Denmark. Results: Results after t-tests and determining confidence intervals (CI95%) show, that evaluation scores for network reconstructs based on the mcgraph package were at least as good compared to the benchmark huge. The results even indicate slightly better scores on average for the mcgraph package. Conclusion: The results confirmed our objective and suggested that Monte Carlo data can keep up with the benchmark in the applied test framework. The algorithm offers the feature to use (weighted) un- and directed graphs and might be useful for assessing methods for network construction.
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- 2022
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12. PRI: Re-Analysis of a Public Mass Cytometry Dataset Reveals Patterns of Effective Tumor Treatments
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Yen Hoang, Stefanie Gryzik, Ines Hoppe, Alexander Rybak, Martin Schädlich, Isabelle Kadner, Dirk Walther, Julio Vera, Andreas Radbruch, Detlef Groth, Sabine Baumgart, and Ria Baumgrass
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multi-parametric analysis ,re-analysis ,combinatorial protein expression ,high-dimensional cytometry data ,mass cytometry data ,pattern perception ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Recently, mass cytometry has enabled quantification of up to 50 parameters for millions of cells per sample. It remains a challenge to analyze such high-dimensional data to exploit the richness of the inherent information, even though many valuable new analysis tools have already been developed. We propose a novel algorithm “pattern recognition of immune cells (PRI)” to tackle these high-dimensional protein combinations in the data. PRI is a tool for the analysis and visualization of cytometry data based on a three or more-parametric binning approach, feature engineering of bin properties of multivariate cell data, and a pseudo-multiparametric visualization. Using a publicly available mass cytometry dataset, we proved that reproducible feature engineering and intuitive understanding of the generated bin plots are helpful hallmarks for re-analysis with PRI. In the CD4+T cell population analyzed, PRI revealed two bin-plot patterns (CD90/CD44/CD86 and CD90/CD44/CD27) and 20 bin plot features for threshold-independent classification of mice concerning ineffective and effective tumor treatment. In addition, PRI mapped cell subsets regarding co-expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 with two major transcription factors and further delineated a specific Th1 cell subset. All these results demonstrate the added insights that can be obtained using the non-cluster-based tool PRI for re-analyses of high-dimensional cytometric data.
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- 2022
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13. Growth during times of fear and emotional stress
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Christiane Scheffler, Alan D. Rogol, Mirela Iancu, Tomasz Hanc, Annang Giri Moelyo, Andrej Suchomlinov, Lidia Lebedeva, Yehuda Limony, Martin Musalek, Gudrun Veldre, Elena Z. Godina, Sylvia Kirchengast, Rebekka Mumm, Detlef Groth, Janina Tutkuviene, Sonja Böker, Basak Koca Ozer, Barbara Navazo, Laure Spake, Slawomir Koziel, and Michael Hermanussen
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stunting ,birth weight ,fear ,emotional stress ,economy ,SEPE ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Twenty-one scientists met for this year’s virtual conference on Auxology held at the University Potsdam, Germany, to discuss child and adolescent growth during times of fear and emotional stress. Growth within the broad range of normal for age and sex is considered a sign of good general health whereas fear and emotional stress can lead to growth faltering. Stunting is a sign of social disadvantage and poor parental education. Adverse childhood experiences affect child development, particularly in families with low parental education and low socioeconomic status. Negative effects were also shown in Indian children exposed prenatally and in early postnatal life to the cyclone Aila in 2009. Distrust, fears and fake news regarding the current Corona pandemic received particular attention though the effects generally appeared weak. Mean birth weight was higher; rates of low, very and extremely low birth weight were lower. Other topics discussed by the participants, were the influences of economic crises on birth weight, the measurement of self-confidence and its impact on growth, the associations between obesity, peer relationship, and behavior among Turkish adolescents, height trends in Indonesia, physiological neonatal weight loss, methods for assessing biological maturation in sportsmen, and a new method for skeletal age determination. The participants also discussed the association between acute myocardial infarction and somatotype in Estonia, rural-urban growth differences in Mongolian children, socio-environmental conditions and sexual dimorphism, biological mortality bias, and new statistical techniques for describing inhomogeneity in the association of bivariate variables, and for detecting and visualizing extensive interactions among variables.
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- 2021
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14. Human growth data analyses and statistics
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Michael Hermanussen, Detlef Groth, and Christiane Scheffler
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Students learn by repetition. Repetition is essential, but repetition needs questioning, and questioning the repertoire belongs to the essential tasks of student education. Guiding students to questioning was and is our prime motive to offer our International Student Summer Schools. The data were critically discussed among the students, in the twilight of Just So Stories, common knowledge, and prompted questioning of contemporary solutions. For these schools, the students bring their own data, carry their preliminary concepts, and in group discussions, they may have to challenge these concepts. Catch-up growth is known to affect long bone growth, but different opinions exist to what extent it also affects body proportions. Skeletal age and dental development are considered appropriate measures of maturation, but it appears that both system develop independently and are regulated by different mechanisms. Body weight distributions are assumed to be skewed, yet, historic data disproved this assumption. Many discussions focused on current ideas of global growth standards as a common yardstick for all populations world-wide, with new statistical tools being developed including network reconstruction and evaluation of the reconstructs to determine the confidence of graph prediction methods.
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- 2022
15. The Social status influences human growth
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Liza Wilke, Sonja Boeker, Rebecca Mumm, and Detlef Groth
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Background: In the animal kingdom body size is often linked to dominance and subsequently the standing in social hierarchy. Similarly, human growth has been associated and linked to socioeconomic factors, including one’s social status. This has already been proposed in the early 1900s where data on young German school girls from different social strata have been compared. Objectives: This paper aims to summarize and analyze these results and make them accessible for non-German speakers. The full English translation of the historic work of Dikanski (Dikanski, 1914) is available as a supplement. Further, this work aims to compare the historical data with modern references, to test three hypotheses: (1) higher social class is positively associated with body height and weight, (2) affluent people from the used historical data match modern references in weight and height and (3) weight distributions are skewed in both modern and historical populations. Methods: Comparison of historical data from 1914 with WHO and 1980s German data. The data sets, for both body weight and height for 6.0- and 7.0-year-old girls, were fitted onto centile curves and quantile correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: In historical data social status is positively associated with body height and weight while both are also normally distributed, which marks a significant difference to modern references. Conclusion: Social status is positively associated with height, signaling social dominance, making children of affluent classes taller. Children from the historical data do not reach the average height of modern children, even under the best environmental conditions. The children of the upper social class were not skewed in weight distribution, although they had the means to become as obese as modern children.
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- 2022
16. Statistical significance and biological relevance: The case of Nosema ceranae and honey bee colony losses in winter
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Vivian Schüler, Yuk-Chien Liu, Sebastian Gisder, Lennart Horchler, Detlef Groth, and Elke Genersch
- Abstract
Managed and wild insect pollinators play a key role in ensuring that mankind is adequately supplied with food. Among the pollinating insects, the managed Western honey bee providing about 90% of commercial pollination is of special importance. Hence, diseases as well as disease causing pathogens and parasites that threaten honey bees, have become the focus of many research studies. The ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor together with deformed wing virus (DWV) vectored by the mite have been identified as the main contributors to colony losses, while the role of the microsporidium Nosema ceranae in colony losses is still controversially discussed. In an attempt to solve this controversy, we statistically analyzed a unique data set on honey bee colony health comprising data on mite infestation levels, Nosema spp. infections and winter losses continuously collected over 15 years. We used various statistical methods to investigate the relationship between colony mortality and the two pathogens, V. destructor and N. ceranae. Our multivariate statistical analysis confirmed that V. destructor is the major cause of colony winter losses. When using cumulative data sets, we also found a significant relationship between N. ceranae infections and colony losses. However, determining the effect size revealed that this statistical significance was of low biological relevance, because the deleterious effects of N. ceranae infection are normally masked by the more severe effects of V. destructor on colony health and therefore only detectable in the few colonies that are not infested with mites or are infested at low levels.
- Published
- 2022
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