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Abstract As a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinase, p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) participates in diverse biologic events. However, its roles in mouse oocyte meiotic maturation remain unclear. The present study revealed that mouse oocytes depleted of Pak2 were unable to completely progress through meiosis and that a majority were arrested at metaphase I. Pak2 depletion thus prompted MI arrest and induced meiotic chromosome alignment defects in mouse oocytes, in part due to a reduction in polo-like kinase (PLK1). We demonstrated that PAK2’s interaction with PLK1 protected it from degradation by APC/CCdh1, and that it promoted meiotic progression and bipolar spindle formation. Our data collectively display critical functions for PAK2 in meiotic progression and chromosome alignment in mouse oocytes.

Artificial neural network models have been developed to predict rotation velocity and ion temperature profiles on the EAST tokamak based on spectral measurements from the x-ray crystal spectrometer. Both Deep Neural Network (DNN) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models have been employed to infer line-integrated ion temperatures. The predicted results from these two models exhibit a strong correlation with the target values, providing an opportunity for cross-validation to enhance prediction accuracy. Notably, the computational speed of these models has been significantly increased, surpassing traditional methods by over tenfold. Furthermore, the investigation of input data range and error prediction serves as the foundation for future automated calculation process. Finally, CNNs have also been employed to predict line-integrated rotation velocity profiles and inverted ion temperature profiles for their robustness in the training process. It is noted that these algorithms are not restricted to any specific physics model and can be readily adapted to various fusion devices.

Reactivation of γ-globin expression is a promising therapeutic approach for β-hemoglobinopathies. Here, we propose a novel Cas9/AAV6-mediated genome editing strategy for the treatment of β-thalassemia: Natural HPFH mutations −113A > G, −114C > T, −117G>A, −175T > C, −195C > G, and −198T > C were introduced by homologous recombination following disruption of BCL11A binding sites in HBG1/HBG2 promoters. Precise on-target editing and significantly increased γ-globin expression during erythroid differentiation were observed in both HUDEP-2 cells and primary HSPCs from β-thalassemia major patients. Moreover, edited HSPCs maintained the capacity for long-term hematopoietic reconstitution in B-NDG hTHPO mice. This study provides evidence of the effectiveness of introducing naturally occurring HPFH mutations as a genetic therapy for β-thalassemia.

The Xe ^44+ 2.7203 Å line, which has been proposed as one of the diagnostic lines for the x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer on ITER, is observed on the EAST tokamak together with its several satellite lines. The observations are made under high electron temperature ( T _e ) conditions (core T _e > 5 keV). Most of the observed xenon lines are identified by comparing the experiment results with the atomic simulation results. The first ion temperature measurements made by the xenon spectra on EAST are also reported in this article. These xenon spectra observations contribute to the justification for using xenon as the diagnostic impurity in x-ray crystal spectrometers in future reactor-scale high-temperature plasmas.

Abstract Background Although evidence from birth cohort analysis has indicated the metabolic risk of early-life exposure to the Great Leap Forward Famine (GLFF) in China, three confounding effects, including the exposure windows, aging, and geographical variations in famine severity, have been brought to debates for a decade. This study aimed to address these confounding effects and extensively examine how GLFF exposure is associated with diabetes risk in mid-to-late life and its interaction with urban-rural migration. Methods Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were analyzed with age-stratification and stepped wedge approaches. Weighted prevalence and multivariable logistic regression were used to investigate the effects of GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration on mid-to-late life diabetes risk and the interaction between GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration. Birth provinces were controlled as a fixed effect to account for variations in famine severity across provinces. Results Compared to those who were never exposed to GLFF, fetal GLFF exposure was associated with a higher risk of adult-onset diabetes after controlling for provinces, demographics, and health statuses. Yet, after adding the proxy of childhood growth environments into the model, fetal exposure to GLFF was not significantly associated with adult-onset diabetes risk (OR = 1.22, p = 0.10), compared to those who were never exposed to GLFF. Across the three age-stratification groups, static urban residents, in general, had a higher risk of diabetes compared to static rural residents. Interaction effects between GLFF exposure and urban-rural migration were insignificant across all three age-stratification groups. Conclusion Fetal exposure to GLFF might have a traceable effect on adult-onset diabetes risk. Yet, the growth environment and urban lifestyle outweigh and further confound the impact of GLFF exposure on adult-onset diabetes risk.

Latar belakang: Prevalensi obesitas pada perempuan dewasa secara konsisten lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki, pada tahun 2018 angkanya masing-masing sebesar 44,4% dan 26,6%. Ditemukan bukti yang bertentangan tentang efek kontrasepsi hormonal pada penambahan berat badan perempuan. Sedangkan di Indonesia, kontrasepsi hormonal merupakan metode kontrasepsi yang paling banyak diminati. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan konsumsi makronutrien dan status gizi. Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini melibatkan 106 wanita tidak hamil berusia 20-45 tahun. Responden direkrut dengan menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Responden dikelompokkan menjadi pengguna metode kontrasepsi hormonal dan non hormonal. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji chi-square dan regresi linier berganda Hasil: Sebagian besar responden (59,5%) menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal dan sisanya (40,5%) menggunakan kontrasepsi non hormonal. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara kontrasepsi hormonal dengan IMT (p=0,081), lingkar pinggang (p=0,789), dan asupan makronutrien (p energi=0,0675; protein=0,758; lemak= 0,156; karbohidrat=0,23). Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara lama pemakaian kontrasepsi dengan IMT (p=0,163 dan 0,248) atau lingkar pinggang (p=0,282 dan 0,066) baik pada pengguna maupun bukan pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal. Model regresi linier menunjukkan bahwa hanya asupan lemak dan karbohidrat yang berkontribusi signifikan terhadap lingkar pinggang (adjusted R2 model adalah 0,244, F 12,3, Sig 0,000) dan IMT (adjusted R2 model adalah 0,206, F 7,8, Sig 0,000). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal dengan IMT, lingkar pinggang, dan asupan zat gizi makro tetapi asupan lemak dan karbohidrat berkontribusi signifikan terhadap lingkar pinggang dan IMT. Dengan demikian, pendidikan gizi lebih penting daripada beralih jenis kontrasepsi. Kata kunci: asupan makronutrien, Indeks Massa Tubuh, kontrasepsi, lingkar perut

Abstract Cancer cells generally exhibit ‘iron addiction’ phenotypes, which contribute to their vulnerability to ferroptosis inducers. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death caused by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. In the present study, pacidusin B, a dichapetalin-type triterpenoid from Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Euphorbiaceae), induces ferroptosis in the HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. Cells treated with pacidusin B exhibited the morphological characteristic ‘ballooning’ phenotype of ferroptosis. The biochemical hallmarks of ferroptosis were also observed in pacidusin B-treated cells. Both oxidative stress and ER stress play significant roles in pacidusin B-induced ferroptosis. The activation of the PERK-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway led to iron overload, while inhibition of GPX4 further sensitized cancer cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, the molecular docking study showed that pacidusin B docked in the same pocket in xCT as the ferroptosis inducer erastin. These results revealed that pacidusin B exerts anticancer effects via inducing ER-mediated ferroptotic cell death. Graphical Abstract

Latar Belakang: Pada tahun 2018 Provinsi DKI Jakarta menempati posisi ke-1 obesitas dengan angka prevalensi 10% dan posisi ke-2 gizi lebih dengan angka prevalensi 15,1% pada remaja usia 13 -15 tahun, angka ini berada diatas angka prevalensi nasional. Obesitas memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kualitas hidup remaja. Dampak tersebut meliputi penurunan mobilitas, performa akademik, terdapat berbagai faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kejadian gizi lebih dan obesitas pada remaja. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui determinan kejadian gizi lebih dan obesitas pada remaja usia 13 -15 tahun di DKI Jakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi cross-sectional dengan data sekunder yang berasal dari data hasil survey Riskesdas (Riset kesehatan dasar) 2018 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 597 responden remaja usia 13 -15 tahun. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan chi square serta analisis mulitivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil: Hasil uji bivariat menunjukan bahwa pendidikan ibu (p=0,001) dan minuman berenergi (p=0,036) berpengaruh terhadap kejadian obesitas pada remaja. Pada analisis multivariat diketahui bahwa variabel yang paling dominan secara statistik mempengaruhi kejadian obesitas remaja adalah pendidikan ibu dengan nilai OR sebesar 1,895 dan nilai CIf1,305-2,752. Kesimpulan: Faktor dominan yang memengaruhi kejadian gizi lebih dan obesitas pada remaja usia 13-15 tahun di DKI Jakarta adalah pendidikan ibu. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan, dengan nilai p value sebesar 0,001 dan nilai OR sebesar 1,895. Artinya, ibu yang memiliki pendidikan rendah memiliki risiko 1,895 kali lebih tinggi untuk memiliki anak remaja gizi lebih dan obesitas.

Latar Belakang: Remaja putri merupakan kelompok yang rentan anemia karena berada pada fase 2nd growth spurt dan mengalami menstruasi setiap bulan. Anemia pada remaja putri dapat memberikan dampak yang merugikan. Peningkatan prevalensi anemia dapat dicegah dan diturunkan dengan suplementasi TTD pada kelompok wanita usia subur (WUS), termasuk remaja putri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kepatuhan konsumsi TTD, asupan zat gizi, dan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMPN 1 Gunungsari. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui pemeriksaan Hb, formulir SQ-FFQ, dan pemeriksaan antropometri. Analisis hubungan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan Fisher’s Exact. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan konsumsi TTD (p = 0,002), asupan protein (p = 0,034), dan zat besi (p = 0,046) dengan kejadian anemia dan tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan vitamin C (p = 0,139), inhibitor zat besi (p = 0,183), dan status gizi (p = 1,000) dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di SMPN 1 Gunungsari. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara kepatuhan konsumsi TTD, asupan protein dan zat besi dengan kejadian anemia, serta tidak ada hubungan antara asupan vitamin C, inhibitor zat besi, dan status gizi dengan kejadian anemia. Kata kunci: Anemia, Asupan Zat Gizi, Remaja Putri, Status Gizi, Tablet Tambah Darah

Overnutrition among school-aged children increases substantially over the last decade. Among the direct causes of overweight/obesity is inadequate intake of fruit and vegetable. Prior studies have shown that fruit and vegetable (FV) is not merely the main source of vitamins andminerals, but also playing role on preventing weight gain through satiety regulation. This study aims to determine the association of FV consumption adequacy among 5-12 years schoolers and their overnutrition status. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta and Depok, carried out on 57 children who filled out an online questionnaire survey. Respondents’ characteristics were obtained through the self-administered online questionnaire. BMI for age z-score (BAZ) was calculated from the self-reported recall of body weight and height. The FV consumption was evaluated using the WHO STEP-wise questionnaire. Respondent’s characteristics were presented in frequency and percentage, while association test was done using Fisher Exact test (CI 95%). In this study, 40,4% of children were overweight and most children did not consume adequate portions of fruit and vegetable (73,7% and 57,9%, respectively). There are no significant association between FV consumption and children’s overnutrition (p= 0,171 and p= 0,788, respectively; CI 95%). Overall, a high proportion of children overnutrition was observed. However, there is no significant association was found between fruit and vegetable consumption and children’s overnutrition. There is a need for specific regulations and practices that may engage children in consuming fruit and vegetable on the daily basis.

The study aims to find out the description of the process and accuracy of google translate to translate the text narrative. the translation was carried out at SMAN Karangbinangun, and the subject of this study was 15 students. This study used a qualitative descriptive methodology that explains naturally and in detail. The translation process is carried out by students. To find out the translation process and accurate Google Translate for text narrative translation the writer use instruments in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this google translate translation can be concluded to be accurate. This free language translator technology has helped a lot in bridging communication and language differences. The level of google translate is getting more sophisticated, google translate has been equipped with write-to-translate, speaking-to-translate, and instant camera features so that it can help students in translating text easily and quickly.

Abstract The intractable brittleness and opacity of the crystalline semiconductor restrict the prospect of developing low‐cost imaging systems. Here, infrared visualization technologies are established with large‐area, semi‐transparent organic upconversion devices that bring high‐resolution invisible images into sight without photolithography. To exploit all photoinduced charge carriers, a monolithic device structure is proposed built on the infrared‐selective, single‐component charge generation layer of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) coupled to two visible light‐emitting layers manipulated with unipolar charges. Transient pump‐probe spectroscopy reveals that the ClAlPc‐based device exhibits an efficient charge dissociation process under forward bias. This process is indicated by the prompt and strong features of electroabsorption screening. Furthermore, by imposing the electric field, the ultrafast excited state dynamic suggests a prolonged charge carrier lifetime from the ClAlPc, which facilitates the charge utilization for upconversion luminance. For the first time, >30% of the infrared photons are utilized without photomultiplication strategies owing to the trivial spectrum overlap between ClAlPc and the emitter. In addition, the device can broadcast the acoustic signal by synchronizing the device frequency with the light source, which enables to operate it in dual audio‐visual mode. The work demonstrates the potential of upconversion devices for affordable infrared imaging in wearable electronics.

Nutrition transition and globalization have affected the diet and body composition of all life stages including adolescents. This study aims to compare body weight status, psychological distress and disordered eating (DE), and to compare the association between BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) and psychological distress with DE among Indonesian and Malaysian urban female adolescents. The adolescents’ weight and height were measured and a self-administered questionnaire was completed by each adolescent. A total of 713 girls (Indonesia = 47.8%, Malaysia = 52.2%), aged 12–19 years from Bekasi, Indonesia and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, participated in this study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was not significantly different between Indonesian and Malaysian girls (18.2% vs 21.2%). Malaysian girls have a significantly higher prevalence of DE (23.9% vs 3.2%), depression (51.9% vs 26.1%), and stress (41.7% vs 29.6%) than Indonesian girls. However, the prevalence of anxiety in Indonesian girls was significantly higher compared to Malaysian girls (77.7% vs 66.4%). For Indonesian girls, BAZ and stress were significantly positive associated with DE, dieting, and bulimia and food preoccupation. For Malaysian girls, BAZ, anxiety and stress were significantly positive associated with DE. BAZ and stress were significantly positive associated with dieting. Depression and anxiety were significantly and positively associated with bulimia and food preoccupation. For both Indonesian and Malaysian girls, stress was significantly positive associated with oral control. Therefore, future intervention programme on promoting healthy eating among female adolescents should consider the psychological well-being component.

This study analyzes how Zelensky used first-person personal pronouns in his political speeches. This study discussed about the occurrences of first personal pronouns in political speeches by using qualitative methodologies, that is document study to identify their forms and discourse function. The results showed that The first personal pronouns are identified in discovered of Zelensky’s speeches. The first personal pronouns used in Zelensky addresses were pronoun “I”, “You”, and “We”. Zelensky used the singular personal pronoun ‘‘I’’ to express his heartfelt gratitude and admiration, as well as his professional and personal experiences, arguments, perspectives, aspirations, and commitment. The usage of inclusive “You” and variants indicate Zelensky 's willingness to share responsibility, foster unity, equality, and public declarations about their current situation and any potential future challenges. Using exclusive “We” which demonstrated by Zelensky also was to show his political intentions, commitment, political experiences during the election, and significant concern for reconciliation.

Prevalensi obesitas atau kegemukan yang terjadi pada anak usia 5-12 tahun terus meningkat. Kegemukan pada anak usia sekolah tidak hanya dapat menghambat tercapainya potensi anak di dunia akademik, tetapi juga diasosiasikan dengan potensi kegemukan di masa dewasa dengan risiko terhadap berbagai penyakit tidak menular. Ibu sebagai penyedia makanan di rumah perlu diaktivasi pengetahuannya untuk menyediakan makanan sehat dan bergizi seimbang. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dalam bentuk sosialisasi terkait gizi seimbang yang diikuti oleh 10 orang ibu dengan tujuan mengaktivasi pengetahuan gizi. Materi disampaikan menggunakan media Powepoint dan untuk meningkatkan engagement digunakan aplikasi Kahoot dan Slido.com. Sebanyak 30% anak yang berstatus gizi obesitas. Hasil evaluasi pengetahuan peserta didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan saat post-test dengan rata-rata nilai 80 + 10.5, namun tidak ditemukan ada beda signifikan antara hasil nilai pre-test dan post-test (p 0.08, CI 95%). Diperlukan adanya pendampingan lebih lanjut oleh kader terlatih maupun ahli gizi kepada para peserta untuk dapat menerapkan pesan gizi seimbang ke dalam pola makan keseharian.

Summary: Background: Prior research provides evidence of implicit and explicit anti-Black prejudice among US physicians. However, we know little about whether racialized prejudice varies among physicians and non-physician healthcare workers relative to the general population. Methods: Using ordinary least squares models and data from Harvard's Project Implicit (2007–2019), we assessed the associations between self-reported occupational status (physician, non-physician healthcare worker) and implicit (N = 1,500,268) and explicit prejudice (N = 1,429,677) toward Black, Arab-Muslim, Asian, and Native American populations, net of demographic characteristics. We used STATA 17 for all statistical analyses. Findings: Physicians and non-physician healthcare workers exhibited more implicit and explicit anti-Black and anti-Arab-Muslim prejudice than the general population. After controlling for demographics, these differences became non-significant for physicians but remained for non-physician healthcare workers (β = 0.027 and 0.030, p

Lingkar kemiskinan yang sulit terputus menjadi tantangan perekonomian nasional dalam menghadapi masyarakat berpendapatan rendah. Bagi seorang Muslim, zakat merupakan instrumen pengentasan kemiskinan yang wajib dilakukan oleh mereka yang tergolong muzakki. Namun seringkali zakat yang bersifat konsumtif tidak memberikan efek jangka panjang untuk peningkatan kesejahteraan. Pelaksanaan penyusunan artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsep pemberdayaan masyarakat berbasis zakat produktif sehingga mustahik, terutama mereka yang tergolong fakir dan miskin bisa keluar dari golongan tersebut. Penyusunan model pengabdian ini menggunakan literatur review untuk menyusun sinergisitas peran KSEI dan BAZNAS dalam melakukan evaluasi dan monitoring sebagai upaya penguatan SDI penerima zakat produktif dengan Sistem Pendamping Mutu Mustahik (SI-DATUK). Proses ini akan menghasilkan sumber daya insani mustahik yang unggul mengingat yang dilakukan oleh relawan Kelompok Studi Ekonomi Islam di setiap perguruan tinggi yang bersinergi dengan BAZNAS sebagai lembaga amil pemerintah dalam bentuk pendampingan dan pembinaan yang terstruktur melalui metode DJITU (Dedikasi, Jujur, Inovatif, Tekun dan Ulet). Keluaran program dilihat dari kemampuan mustahik yang unggul dengan indikator kemandirian finansial dari usaha menjalankan zakat produktif yang ditasyarufkan oleh BAZNAS sehingga selanjutnya mereka tidak akan lagi masuk golongan penerima zakat.

Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity among children in Indonesia is an important issue that needs to be addressed. It is estimated that 57% of children in Indonesia have insufficient physical activity. Studies have shown that children who engage in sedentary behaviors are at an increased risk for various negative health outcomes, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and poor mental health, compared to physically active ones. This article aims to provide recommendations to increase physical activity and reduce passive behavior in children in Indonesia. This is a commentary article developed from observing the recent progress of sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity among children in Indonesia and the potential consequences. The level of inactive behavior in children in Indonesia is relatively high. Factors that contribute to sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity among children in Indonesia are the increasing use of electronic devices and screen time, the lack of safe and accessible places to be physically active, the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as cultural and social norms that prioritize academic achievement over physical activity. To address sedentary lifestyles among children, there is a need for a comprehensive approach that addresses both the individual and societal factors contributing to the problem. This might include increasing access to healthy food options, promoting physical activity, and implementing education programs to raise awareness about the importance of healthy eating and physical activity, as well as limiting screen time.

Objectives To investigate whether regional variation changes with different beneficiary health insurance coverage types.Design A cross-sectional study of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in 2018 was used.Setting Medicare beneficiaries only covered by Medicare (group 1) are compared with those covered by Medicare and other health insurance (group 2). Outcomes included healthcare usage measures: (1) whether beneficiaries have a hospital stay and (2) the number for those with at least one stay; (3) whether beneficiaries have a doctor’s visit and (4) the number for those with at least one visit. We compared healthcare usage in both groups across the five regions: (1) New England and Mid-Atlantic; (2) East North Central and West North Central; (3) South Atlantic; (4) East South Central and West South Central; (5) Mountain and Pacific. We used logistic regression for binary outcomes and negative binomial regression for count outcomes in each group.Participants We identified 8749 Medicare beneficiaries, of which 4098 in group 1 and 4651 in group 2.Results Residents in all non-reference regions had a significantly lower probability of seeking a doctor’s visit in group 1 (OR with 95% CI 0.606 (0.374 to 0.982), 0.619 (0.392 to 0.977), 0.472 (0.299 to 0.746) and 0.618 (0.386 to 0.990) in the order of above regions, respectively), which is not significant in group 2. Residents in most non-reference regions (except South Atlantic) had a significantly fewer number of seeking a hospital stay in group 2 (incident rate ratio (IRR) with 95% CI 0.797 (0.691 to 0.919), 0.740 (0.643 to 0.865), 0.726 (0.613 to 0.859) in the order of above regions, respectively), which is not significant in group 1.Conclusion Regional variation in the likelihood of having a doctor’s visit was reduced in Medicare beneficiaries covered by supplemental health insurance. Regional variation in hospital stays was accentuated among Medicare beneficiaries covered by supplemental health insurance.