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strictly hierarchical network, guided by the principle of development from the centre to the periphery and best revealed through an examination of regional planning, the functional zoning, and the urbanisation of rural areas. This paper presents a vast environmental-territorial transformation of rural Lithuania under the Soviet occupation period in 1940-1990, during which the forced collectivisation of agriculture resulted in new territorial development. As a reaction to functionalist approach, the regionalist trends were started to be manifested in late 1970s.

Based on archival and published sources (documents, leters, memoirs and contemporary press), this artcle is focused on the Jewish architects, constructon engineers and contractors who actvely partcipated in constructon of modern Kaunas in 1919–1939.

In 1922-1939 in the Vilnius region, at that time - in the Republic of Poland, there was a state system of protection of monuments: law, institution and officials. In this work, this system of monument protection is analyzed using theories of authorized heritage discourse and critical discourse analysis. The dissertation examines the Polish system of monument protection as the consolidation of authorized heritage discourse. Here, as elsewhere in Europe, this discourse was based on the materiality of heritage, innate value, the transmission of national and social values, and the supremacy of (male) experts. The paper discusses the sources of power: political / institutional, professional and based on nationality, religion, social stratum or gender, which allowed the dominance of this discourse in interwar Vilnius. The practice of protection of monuments in the Vilnius region is discussed through the process of listing of monuments, practices of protection of architecture, nature, urban scale monuments, archeology and movable objects. The idea of regionalism and the photography of Jan Bułhak are analyzed as a means of consolidating the authorized Polish heritage discourse. All this allows us to conclude that the state policy on the protection of monuments reflected and was focused not on the actual situation at the time, but on the aspiration - the vision of Vilnius (region) as a redout of Polishness. The Vilnius region was not as Polish as it was created visually and in writing. Today, such an aspiration and vision of the protection of monuments is perceived in historiography as an actual situation of the protection of monuments in interwar Vilnius.

In 1922-1939 in the Vilnius region, at that time - in the Republic of Poland, there was a state system of protection of monuments: law, institution and officials. In this work, this system of monument protection is analyzed using theories of authorized heritage discourse and critical discourse analysis. The dissertation examines the Polish system of monument protection as the consolidation of authorized heritage discourse. Here, as elsewhere in Europe, this discourse was based on the materiality of heritage, innate value, the transmission of national and social values, and the supremacy of (male) experts. The paper discusses the sources of power: political / institutional, professional and based on nationality, religion, social stratum or gender, which allowed the dominance of this discourse in interwar Vilnius. The practice of protection of monuments in the Vilnius region is discussed through the process of listing of monuments, practices of protection of architecture, nature, urban scale monuments, archeology and movable objects. The idea of regionalism and the photography of Jan Bułhak are analyzed as a means of consolidating the authorized Polish heritage discourse. All this allows us to conclude that the state policy on the protection of monuments reflected and was focused not on the actual situation at the time, but on the aspiration - the vision of Vilnius (region) as a redout of Polishness. The Vilnius region was not as Polish as it was created visually and in writing. Today, such an aspiration and vision of the protection of monuments is perceived in historiography as an actual situation of the protection of monuments in interwar Vilnius.

This dissertation aims to extend the research on the urban, architectural and artistic environment and everyday life of the Soviet era by focusing on collective gardens as a little-studied aspect of Lithuanian urban space and culture. The thesis hypothesises that the mass spread of collective gardening in Lithuania formed a phenomenon similar to the so-called "kitchen culture" of the Soviet era - collective gardens were a space of specific cultural and social practices that transcended the boundaries of official ideology. The aim of this study is to investigate the phenomenon of collective gardens in Lithuania, the preconditions for its emergence and its development from 1944 to the restoration of independence in 1990-1991.