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This research focuses on the impact of Islamic finance tools on the volume of financing and investment in Islamic banks in Palestine, while evaluating the investment role of the Palestinian Islamic Bank. The results showed that these banks primarily rely on the Murabaha (cost-plus financing) tool, which has led to a lack of diversification in their investments. The research recommended that the Palestinian Monetary Authority intervene to diversify the financing tools used and achieve a balance in providing financing among different economic sectors. The role of Islamic banks was also assessed through criteria that include areas of investment and the size of assets. [Extracted from the article]

The invasive seaweed Rugulopteryx okamurae, native to East Asia, is spreading rapidly along the western Mediterranean and southern Portugal, severely affecting coastal biodiversity, ecosystem structure, and economic sectors such as fisheries and tourism. This study examined the nutrient uptake kinetics of R. okamurae, including ammonium, nitrate, urea, amino acids, and phosphate, and their role in nitrogen and phosphorus budgets based on laboratory growth rates. R. okamurae demonstrated the highest uptake for ammonium (Vmax = 57.95 μmol · g−1 DW · h−1), followed by urea (7.74 μmol · g−1 DW · h−1), nitrate (5.37 μmol · g−1 DW · h−1), and amino acids (3.71 μmol · g−1 DW · h−1). The species showed higher uptake affinity for urea (α = 1.8), which accounted for 70% of nitrogen uptake. Phosphate uptake was low, and total nitrogen uptake exceeded growth requirements. These findings suggest that R. okamurae relies on organic nitrogen (urea) and may guide toward effective management strategies to mitigate its spread in coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translation abstract Project‐accompanying strategies for sustainable material selectionThe construction sector is Germany's most resource‐intensive economic sector, despite significant progress in building operation efficiency. However, efficiency gains are often offset by rebound effects in building usage. Construction methods and materials are becoming increasingly important in energy‐efficient buildings during operation. Sustainability strategies such as sufficiency and consistency often remain overlooked. The DGNB certification system supports the equitable implementation of sustainability strategies but requires a clear understanding of tasks and defined responsibilities. Central criteria include resource efficiency, circularity, and freedom from pollutants. Measures such as the use of bio‐based or recycled construction materials and the ability to deconstruct buildings reduce environmental impacts and lifecycle costs. Digital tools and building resource passports enhance transparency and reusability. The DGNB system recognizes that sufficiency and consistency are key principles of sustainable construction. A team‐oriented approach supported by digital tools facilitates the integration of sustainability aspects and maximizes their potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study provides an in-depth examination of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Morocco, revealing key threshold effects through a nonlinear smooth transition model (STAR). Analysis of Moroccan banking and stock market development indexes reveals that the stock market was significantly impacted by the 2008 global financial crisis, showing a decline, while the banking system continued an upward trajectory. STAR model estimation further underscores a nonlinear relationship, marked by three structural breaks over the 1987–2020 period. The novelty of this paper stems in the fact that it is the first in the literature to test the hypothesis ‘Does less finance harm economic growth as well?’ instead of the famous debate triggered by the 2008 global financial crisis ‘Does too much finance harm economic growth?’ Which led us to identify the threshold below which the Moroccan financial sector harms economic growth and which corresponds to 0.32 on the scale of our index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study assesses the relevance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the effect of financial access on gender economic inclusion in 44 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004–2018. The adopted empirical strategy is interactive quantile regressions that are tailored to account for both simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Two MFI dynamics are employed: MFIs per 1,000 km2 and MFIs per 100,000 adults. Financial access is measured in terms of female bank account ownership while gender inclusion is measured in terms of reducing female unemployment. We find that MFIs per 1,000 km2 must reach thresholds of between 2.328 and 2.490 at the 90th quantile of the female unemployment distribution in order for female bank account ownership to reduce female unemployment. The partial validity of the tested hypothesis is clarified and we note a few policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the impact of the contribution size of the private, governmental, and oil sectors on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the Sultanate of Oman during the period 2003- 2023. The study population and sample consisted of Oman's economic sectors. The analysis of the study data relied on the statistical analysis program SPSS, using multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistics for the variables. The results indicated a positive impact of the contribution size of various sectors, represented by the private sector, the governmental sector, and the oil sector, on the GDP during the study period. This demonstrates that achieving the highest levels of GDP in Oman requires adopting effective strategies, which can only be realized by focusing on critical sectors of the Omani economy. The research recommends encouraging the various sectors that influence Oman's GDP, creating a conducive environment for these sectors to work together, and establishing institutions in different sectors, considering them the main drivers for achieving the highest levels of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve high-volume and high-quality development of maritime transport and establish a port industry ecosystem, maritime stakeholders and national policymakers must recognise ports as crucial economic and trade windows. For a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of a port, this study focuses on seaborne cargo as the entry point and proposes a methodological framework for assessing port importance. The proposed framework is based on a multi-methodological fusion and considers the relationship between the type, direction, volume, and value of the maritime cargo transported through the port, while distinguishing between the associated economic sectors, industry types, imports, exports and transhipments, and volume and value. Hence, port importance is assessed based on three dimensions: identification of the maritime transport cargo types for which the port has a comparative advantage, measurement of the port combined cargo transport capacity, and differentiation of the port type. The results reveal that seaborne cargo volumes and values are mismatched in global ports; high seaborne cargo value increases port importance to a greater degree than high seaborne cargo volume; and ports can be classified as inland serving, balanced inland and outward serving, and outward serving. These findings provide a research basis for a new port industrial-ecosystem construction strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As new digital technologies become widespread, it is crucial to understand the role of spatiality and agglomeration economies in the digital age, especially in the ICT sector. The ICT sector, with its innovative strength and the ability to complement various sectors, drives digitalization and balanced economic development. Recognizing the importance of digitalization and the ICT sector for economic development, especially in the catching-up regions of Central and Eastern Europe, this study aims at exploring the role and the spatiality of the ICT sector in the urban and rural areas of the Visegrad countries and Romania. The analysis focuses on the spatial concentration of the ICT sector and the specialization of the regions on the NUTS 3 level, distinguishing capital, intermediate metropolitan, intermediate non-metropolitan and rural areas, utilizing data on employed persons in the period 2010–2020. Findings reveal the dynamic growth and spatial concentration of the ICT sector despite the ongoing process of digitalization, particularly in capital regions, alongside the increasing significance of modern business services in agglomeration economies. Additionally, the research proves the presence of division of labour among different types of regions, reveals capital and rural regions as highly specialized regions and points to the need for place-sensitive development policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing microbial consortia emerges as a new research frontier since complementing metabolisms provides new biotechnological capabilities for symbiotic interaction. To date, microalgal consortia with other microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, or other microalga are considered a biotechnological strategy to enhance microalgal physiological performance during CO2 removal from biogas—a gaseous by-product composed mainly of methane (CH4, 65–70%) and CO2 (25–30%) considered an energy source due to its high methane content. Today, microalga-microorganism interaction studies have focused on developing diverse microbial consortia to increase CO2 fixation of biogas and their metabolic changes during processing time. Thus, the present review proposes in a novel way the use of microalgal growth-promoting bacteria (MGPB) as a suitable partner to boost microalgal physiological performance and positively influence CO2 fixation from biogas. Furthermore, the MGPB mechanisms involved during MGPB-microalga interaction to mitigate or regulate microalgae metabolism under the stressful condition of this gaseous effluent and improve their biotechnological uses focusing on CO2 removal from biogas are analyzed and proposed. Additionally, the microalgal ability to convert CO2 from biogas into high-value biotechnological compounds of commercial interest is analyzed, including the economic feasibility and scalability of a microalga-MGPB consortium. This physiological knowledge of microalga-MGPG consortia notably warrants its real impact on different economic sectors as a bio-economy overview. Furthermore, the discussion between engineering and biological sciences facilitates the development of suitable bioprocesses based on microalgae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new Strategic Technologies for Europe Platform (STEP) is intended to channel investments into economic sectors that are considered strategically important and thus strengthen European competitiveness. To this end, STEP will make it possible for the first time to support large companies on a broad scale with EU structural funds. The European Commission regards STEP as a precursor to an instrument for a comprehensive EU industrial policy. Against this background, the emerging paradigm shift towards a more dirigiste European economic policy is examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sharing economy has experienced significant growth over the past decade. This phenomenon has introduced a new way of consuming services and goods. Nevertheless, while its benefits have been extensively studied, there is a limited understanding of its implications across various sectors. This study examines the potential of the sharing economy model and its application in different economic sectors. It seeks to understand the dynamics of each sector and provide a comprehensive view of the sharing economy's landscape from a sectoral perspective. An expert survey approach was adopted for this study. Twelve experts with more than four years of experience and significant influence in different economic sectors were interviewed. The results showed that the sharing economy model is seen as an important factor with a high potential to change traditional business models, especially in the research and knowledge sector. This research is among the first to take a sectoral perspective on the sharing economy's development. By examining its implications across different sectors, this study offers a holistic view of the sharing economy, moving beyond the often singular focus on specific platforms. The insights derived from the research can inform policymakers, industry leaders, and entrepreneurs about the potential trajectories and considerations for the sharing economy in diverse sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries all over the world experienced exceptional inflation rates since 2021 as a consequence of global supply chain disruptions, a post-Covid-19 demand shock, and rising energy costs after the Russian Federation's invasion in Ukraine. Germany is one particularly relevant example, given that the European Union's strongest economy has high anti-inflation sentiments and employs relatively tight fiscal policy but nevertheless suffered the longest from those shocks. This study examines price developments – broken down by various sectors – in Germany and how the additional revenues from these price increases were distributed between capital and labor. Results suggest that the high levels of inflation in 2021-2023 in Germany cannot be explained by the substantial rises in energy prices alone. The analysis of deflators for gross value added indicates that the price increases were heterogeneous across economic sectors with particularly high levels in agriculture, construction, energy supply, as well as services in trade, transport, and hospitality. Profits accounted for 57.6% of nominal gross value added in the most inflation-intensive sectors. This is 32% above the average of the other sectors, indicating that most of the inflation was associated with company profits in the high inflation sectors. The inflation consequently benefited capital owners at the expense of workers who suffered from increased prices without receiving sufficient compensation through higher wages. In terms of policy implications, there is no evidence of a wage-price spiral, but clear evidence that the key contributors of inflation were increased energy prices and corporate profits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ageing of the population impacts all areas and is also a challenge for human resources management. To solve this issue, age management practices are used in organisations. To get the best potential out of everyone, this concept should not only involve older employees but should be focused on all of them. Choosing the right practice to get the desired results is a task for managers. The paper aims to determine whether the sector of the economy, the size of the organisation, or the family business status plays a role in determining age management practices and observed benefits. Using a questionnaire survey, the most commonly used practices and the observed benefits were identified. Using the chi-square test, differences in chosen categories were confirmed. It can be stated that choosing age management practices is influenced by the economic sector, and the size of the organisation influences observed benefits. The results can guide organisations on which practices to choose and what benefits to expect from implementing age management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis affected all economic sectors, but tourism was hit the hardest. However, the resilience of tourism has also been recognized. In this context, the aim of the paper is (i) to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on tourism flows in Italy, by looking at NUTS-3 level data on national and international tourism arrivals and (ii) to understand whether, and to what extent, some "alternative" destinations benefited during the pandemic. Spatial autocorrelation analysis (global and local) and spatial regression models are used to capture the determinants of the variation in tourism flows in 2020 and 2021. Results demonstrate that tourism demand has different patterns across Italian provinces after COVID-19; both types of tourism have a significant path of spatial dependence that was stronger in 2020; international tourism has a more evident North/South divide and, the short-term resilience depends on the characteristics of the destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the responses of the Moroccan public sector to global economic fluctuations, focusing on reforms inspired by New Public Management within OECD countries. Morocco has initiated reforms affecting local governments to address various challenges, such as advanced regionalization, financial crises, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the adoption of a new development model. The study examines the crucial role of local governments in socioeconomic development and highlights the importance of management control to improve governance. The objective is to analyze the effectiveness of these local governments, the application of New Public Management, management needs, human resource competence, and models of good governance, identifying how management control tools can support their improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the presence and extent of missing links that prevent the transmission and condition the flow of knowledge spillover effects (KSE) across space and time. Findings using a comprehensive database composed of 9242 innovative startups from Italy covering the period 2008–2018 and all 20 geographic regions as well as all economic sectors at the 2-digit level of aggregation indicate that missing links related to observed differences in industry structures and availability of pools of skilled human capital amount for large and persistent differences in terms of firm intensity differential across neighboring regions. More specifically, we observe that regions with initial existent high firm intensity are more likely to continue enhancing their labor pools by both endogenously increasing high-skilled human capital and by attracting high-skilled human capital from neighboring regions. Intra- and inter-industry spillovers are marked by high levels of heterogeneity. Consequently, we find that missing links related to KSE create directional effects, and these effects are neither symmetric nor reciprocal in adjacent geographical regions. Invisible barriers to KSE transmission, imposed by the presence of missing links, prevent the work of the invisible hand. Plain English Summary: The main result of this research is that the evidence using a large sample of Innovative Startups in Italy conclusively indicates that missing links of knowledge spillover effects account for a large proportion of the observed differences in new firm formation and entrepreneurial development. The presence of missing links in the transmission of knowledge spillovers appears to be a relevant element when explaining observed differences across time and space. Efforts to counter the presence of missing links of knowledge, namely, investment in human capital formation, and the development of institutional policy changes, appear to yield mixed results. On the one hand, entrepreneurial activity is fostered, but in a non-homogenous fashion across the entire country. Thus, the principal implication of this study is that in order for policy changes directed to promote economic growth and development via entrepreneurial activity, they need to account for the presence of missing links in the transmission of knowledge spillover effects across sectors of economic activity and across geographic regions given the large presence of heterogeneity across sectors and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study examines empirically the impact of civil conflict on cross-border lending. Our sample covers 165 countries over the period 1984-2019 with loan data disaggregated at the economic sectoral level (primary, secondary and tertiary sectors), an analysis that is absent in existing literature. Our results indicate that cross-border lending to the primary sector is not significantly influenced by civil conflict, whereas cross-border lending to secondary and tertiary sectors is negatively impacted by the outbreak of civil conflict, leading to a decreased volume of loans or reversals of existing loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fruit industry is a significant economic sector in China, with modern orchards gradually transitioning to trellis orchards. For mechanized orchard operations, automatic vehicle navigation is essential. However, in trellis orchards, the shading from trees results in low average light intensity and large variations in lighting, posing challenges for path navigation. To address this, a path navigation algorithm for trellis orchards is proposed based on the UNet-CBAM model. The network structures of UNet, FCN, and SegNet are compared to identify and select the optimal structure for further improvement. Among the three attention mechanisms of channel attention, spatial attention, and combined attention, the most effective mechanism is identified. The optimal attention mechanism is incorporated into the optimized network to enhance the model's ability to detect path edges and improve detection performance. To validate the effectiveness and generalizability of the model, a total of 400 images were collected under varying lighting intensities. The experimental results show that this method achieves an accuracy of 97.63%, a recall of 93.94%, and an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 92.19%. These results significantly enhance path recognition accuracy in trellis orchards, particularly under low light under conditions. Compared to the FCN and SegNet algorithms, this method provides higher detection accuracy and offers a new theoretical foundation and research approach for path recognition in low-light environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaigns are increasingly used to prevent cholera outbreaks; however, little is known about their cost-effectiveness in refugee camps. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of a pre-emptive OCV campaign in the Maela refugee camp in Thailand, where outbreaks occurred with an annual incidence rate (IR) of up to 10.7 cases per 1000. Data were collected via health sector records and interviews and household interviews. In the base-case scenario comparing the OCV campaign with no campaign, we estimated the campaign effect on the cholera IR and case fatality rate (CFR: 0.09%) from a static cohort model and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the outcomes of death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and cases averted. In sensitivity analyses, we varied the CFR and IR. The household economic cost of illness was USD 21, and the health sector economic cost of illness was USD 51 per case. The OCV campaign economic cost was USD 289,561, 42% attributable to vaccine costs and 58% to service delivery costs. In our base case, the incremental cost was USD 1.9 million per death averted, USD 1745 per case averted, and USD 69,892 per DALY averted. Sensitivity analyses that increased the CFR to 0.35% or the IR to 10.4 cases per 1000 resulted in a cost per DALY of USD 15,666. The low multi-year average CFR and incidence of the cholera outbreaks in the Maela camp were key factors associated with the high cost per DALY averted. However, the sensitivity analyses indicated higher cost-effectiveness in a setting with a higher CFR or cholera incidence, indicating when to consider campaign use to reduce the outbreak risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental policies ought to be integrated into economic sectors for successful outcomes. We assess to what extent Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD +) is integrated into land-use sectors driving deforestation in Cameroon. REDD + governance has been extensively examined, including the challenges of a multisectoral approach to tackle the drivers of deforestation, especially those lying outside the forestry sector. Yet, these studies have focussed on cross-sectoral coordination, giving little attention to factors such as political will and the adequacy of policy instruments for integration. We amend and apply an innovative framework for environmental policy integration to conduct a comprehensive assessment of REDD + policy integration in Cameroon, a Congo Basin country experiencing increasing deforestation rates due to agriculture, husbandry, infrastructure development and mining. Drawing from policy documents and in-depth interviews with key informants, we found out that territorial battles between ministries, insecurity about their understanding of forest matters in different land-use sectors, and dysfunctional policy instruments have undermined REDD + policy integration. Our study suggests that REDD + integration into land-use sectors would be enhanced by informing stakeholders about their roles in the REDD + process, completing and legitimising the forest zoning plan, addressing loopholes in environmental assessment regulations, and alleviating inconsistencies in land-use rules. These instruments would be reinforced with an economic tool internalising carbon costs in projects generating forest emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New York State (NYS) Climate Act aims for net-zero emissions across all economic sectors by 2050, with renewable biofuels playing a key role in this transition. Approximately half of the biomass required for these biofuels is expected to come from purpose-grown sources like willow. To address this demand, we assessed land availability and biomass production potential for willow using a GIS-based fuzzy logic Land Suitability Assessment (LSA) model under three land scenarios: (1) including all cropland, (2) excluding conventional crops, and (3) excluding any cropland. Our findings show that NYS has the potential for between 1.07 and 1.59 million ha for willow cultivation, capable of producing 14.0 to 20.6 million dry Mg of biomass annually. Grassland/pasture accounts for 32–51%, and herbaceous cover for 32–48% of the potential areas. Between 33% and 53% of the area identified was in parcels that were 2–20 ha in size. These results highlight the considerable potential for purpose-grown biomass in NYS, supporting the state's decarbonization goals and renewable energy transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of demographic changes on regional specialisation across Greek NUTS2 regions from 2001 to 2021. It explores the relationship between age-specific variations in the economically active population and gross value added (GVA) across different economic sectors. Using demographic and GVA data alongside spatial analysis techniques such as spatial regression models, median Local Moran's I, and location quotient, the study identifies spatial autocorrelation patterns. Findings reveal strong correlations between the economically active population and GVA, highlighting demographic factors' crucial role in regional economic performance. Over the period 2001 to 2021, the 15–24 and 25–34 age groups generally experienced declining growth rates in total, male, and female economically active populations, while the 45–54 and 55–64 age groups saw increases. Regions adjacent to those with higher economically active populations showed high–high clustering. Especially, Attiki and Kentriki Makedonia, the two metropolitan regions of Greece, influence neighbouring regions through economic spillover effects, fostering economic sector clustering and emphasising regional specialisation. These findings highlight the complex interplay between demographic shifts and regional economic outcomes, noting spatial disparities and the need for targeted policy interventions. The study provides empirical evidence demonstrating how demographic changes influence regional economic development across different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergence of the fourth industrial revolution prompts digital transitions and transformations of economic sectors, with pressures for institutions to prepare and respond in a way that harnesses the progressive potentials of Industry 4.0 for socioeconomic growth. The purpose of this research is to evaluate core institutional change readiness factors for Industry 4.0, with focus on institutional innovation that sustains technology trajectories and supports technology use in an emerging economy. Using the Delphi methodology with a panel of 71 triple helix (i.e. university, industry, and government) experts, the research identifies, selects, and prioritizes collaboration and capability readiness factors. Initial literature review identifies 50 readiness factors and subsequent non-parametric tests find that 'clarity of goals and relevance' and 'innovating competencies' are the topmost collaboration and capability factors, respectively. Discussions on these findings imply integrated analyses based on the triple helix as well as institutional and 'clarity-creativity' dyadic framings for technology management studies of Industry 4.0. The managerial implications of the research centre on factor-based recommendations concerning support systems for Industry 4.0 transdisciplinary collaboration and action plans for building digital capability, in furtherance of the fourth industrial revolution. Concluding the research is a highlight of the research limitations and potential future research areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: At the beginning of the pandemic, the identification of transmission chains was biased towards more closely monitored sectors, such as healthcare and sociosanitary centers. Objective: The objective of our research is to describe the impact of the pandemic on the Spanish non-healthcare workers measured through health-related workplace absences. Methods: A descriptive study of the cases of COVID-19-related temporary disability (TD) between February 15th and September 17th, 2020, was carried out. TD quarantine/infection ratios were calculated for every economic sector of activity. Rates of COVID-19 TDs per 100,000 affiliated workers were obtained, by gender, age, economic activity of the company or occupation of the worker. Results: A total of 1,126,755 TDs were recorded, 45.4% in women. The overall TD rates were 5,465 quarantines and 1,878 illnesses per 100,000 women, and 4,883 quarantines and 1,690 illnesses per 100,000 men. The highest incidence rates of TD due to illness were observed in younger age groups, under 30. The median TD quarantine/infection ratio was 2.6 (Interquartile range [IQR] 1.5–3.9), and Postal and Courier activities had the highest value: 4.7 quarantines per case (IQR: 3.75–6.12). The TD rates were higher in female workers in most sectors of activity and occupations compared to men in the same sectors and with the same occupations. The results show the uneven impact of COVID-19 by occupation, with a higher rates in less qualified occupations (unskilled workers and laborers) versus the first categories of the table (directors, managers, technicians, and professionals). Conclusions: The results confirmed the high impact of COVID-19 on Spanish non-healthcare workers and it's inequalities. They also confirmed the potential use of TDs as an alternative source for epidemiological, public health surveillance and early warning of new emerging infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American labor markets continue to be quantified, to identify the social and economic impacts that this pandemic had, and to design more efficient public policies that would protect the most vulnerable groups. For this reason, the research question was as follows: what were the changes in the labor formality rates before and two years after the main contingency measures of the COVID-19 pandemic were implemented? Methods: Using data from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay, the formality rate (t) was analyzed, which was calculated using a weighted average between the formal employment rates of the number (i) of economic sectors (p) in a specific period (t). Results: The results suggest that the weighted labor formality rate increased in the countries of the region. These changes in formality could be the result of greater capital accumulation, the integration of productive processes, the integration of commercialization processes, and differentiated fiscal stimuli (i.e., the intrasectoral aspect), but it was not due to the displacement of workers from highly informal economic sectors to more formalized sectors (i.e., the intersectoral component). Discussion: The findings emphasized the precarious situation of women in the region, regardless of the country, particularly in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. These findings suggest the need to design public policies that reverse the current situation of the labor market and prevent future economic shocks, with special emphasis on the informal sector and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to study the strength of the impact of government intervention in implementing strategic programs and executive plans of institutions. Government intervention is one of the factors influencing business policies and enterprise management and has a significant impact on the competitiveness and overall success of companies. The study includes an analysis of a group of countries and different economic sectors to understand how government intervention affects the implementation of strategies and operational plans of institutions. The strength of government influence is assessed by examining government policies and regulatory measures related to business, including legal legislation, controls, and standards. The results indicate that the strength of government influence varies significantly from one country to another and from one sector to another. Government intervention can be positive in some cases, providing infrastructure, financial and regulatory support to companies, which contributes to enhancing growth and competitiveness. However, sometimes, government intervention can have a negative impact, such as excessive regulation or inflexible laws that hinder corporate freedom and restrict innovation and growth. And The study suggests that effective government intervention requires a balance between the need to protect, regulate. Governments should be able to provide an environment that encourages innovation and investment and promotes private sector development in general, while at the same time providing an appropriate legal framework and controls to prevent illegal and harmful practices. Based on the results of the study, it is recommended that there be cooperation and understanding between the government sectors. The two sides must work together to develop a strong and effective framework for implementing strategies, considering the public interest, and achieving sustainable development for institutions and the economy in general. Companies should also work to build strong and beneficial relationships with relevant government agencies, participate in dialogue and participate in policy formulation. Companies should also strive to promote transparency and responsibility in their actions, and adhere to ethical standards and practices, which enhances trust and cooperation with government and society in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an innovative method for segmented multifractal analysis, aimed at investigating the (in-) efficiency of major global economic sectors. The proposed approach, a modified version of the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) technique, integrates change-point detection, followed by a segmentation of time series data, just before conducting multifractal measurements at various intervals. This novel method is applied to five indices representing the global financial and economic landscape, including the Standard and Poor 500 index, the Euro/USD exchange rate, Bitcoin's price, crude oil prices, and the price of gold. The empirical findings reveal substantial structured multifractality, with particular prominence observed in the two commodity price indicators. These results prompt inquiries into the influence of significant events on the efficiency of economic and financial markets. The segmented multifractal analysis opens up new avenues for exploring the dynamics and resilience of these sectors, thereby enhancing our comprehension of their intricate behaviors and responses to diverse stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Lebanon's severe economic crisis, a situation aggravated by the collapse of Banque du Liban's financial strategies, delayed reforms by the government, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the devastating Beirut Port explosion. These events have precipitated a sharp decline in disposable income, soaring inflation rates, and an alarming increase in unemployment and multidimensional poverty. Central to this study is a comprehensive field survey that examines eighteen coping mechanisms adopted by workers in various economic sectors of Lebanon. From this survey, we introduce a new index designed to systematically categorize and evaluate these coping strategies across four critical dimensions of well-being: nutrition, healthcare, education, and financial issues. We use this index to quantify and understand the extent to which workers have relied on these coping mechanisms, offering novel insights into the socio-economic repercussions of the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional embroidery of tehuana costumes is a central economic activity for many families in Juchitán Oaxaca, primarily carried out by women. Zapotec embroiderers weave threads of history by reproducing ancestral techniques, generating income that allows economic self-sufficiency and improves living conditions in their homes; this activity also energizes other local economic sectors by promoting the sale of textile materials; they are proud guardians of the cultural preservation of their ancestral traditions by promoting the use of the tehuana dress in religious commemorations and traditional dances. The objective of this research is to analyze the social, economic and cultural contributions of women who embroider tehuana costumes in Juchitán, Oaxaca, to understand their influence on the comprehensive development of the community, a quantitative methodology was used to evaluate cultural identity, and empowerment social, 80 women embroiderers were surveyed. The results show the importance of autonomy, commitment to your family and the community through your work regardless of the challenges. The result of this research shows that the artisanal work of the embroiderers is transcendental in the cultural preservation of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to review and analyze several previous studies theoretically related to 1) The impact of Logistics Transportation Policy and spillover effects on National Economic Growth, 2) Some problems from the implementation of the Logistics Transportation Policy in a region, 3) Logistics Transportation Policy Model that can support National Economic Growth. The method used uses qualitative research, exploratory or interpretative systems with a systematic deductive process (Top-Down), guided by some empirical evidence obtained from the author's experience in the field of transportation and logistics, as well as qualitative interactions with several stakeholders and previous research. The results found are 1) in some countries, logistics policies have succeeded in having a positive impact on regional and national economic growth, 2) the ineffectiveness of a logistics policy is caused by high logistics costs, dysfunctional systems, unsupportive regulations, unsupportive human resources and infrastructure and weak coordination between stakeholders, and 3) a transportation logistics policy model that supports national economic growth must be able to involve stakeholders so that it can have a multiplier effect on the economic sector and national economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses efforts to improve the understanding and competence of SMAN 1 Sumberpucung students who will take part in the National Science Olympiad (OSN) at the district level in the field of economics. SMAN 1 Sumberpucung is a school with "A" accreditation in Malang Regency that has received many awards, especially in the nonacademic field. Over the past two years, donations about OSN in the economic sector will help them in participating in the district-level OSN event. Student achievement in the academic field is still minimal, one of which is in the OSN event. For the past five years, the students who were appointed to take part in the district-level OSN (OSN-K) in the economic field have not made it to the next stage. The facilities and infrastructure provided by the school are quite adequate, but they still do not take advantage of the use of technology. Therefore, the implementation of an IT-based Remedial Test website is a solution that can be used to deal with these problems. This service was carried out to implement the website in the learning system of students who will take part in OSN-K in the field of economics. Service activities include observation, discussion, website creation, implementation and handover of the website. The results of this service activity show an increase in students' understanding of various forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Given the scope of tourism and hospitality, this economic sector has a significant role to play in the global effort to become more sustainable. As more initiatives are discussed and implemented to promote sustainability, such as the United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals, and the regular emissions cuts promised in various COP summits, the need to understand tourism and hospitality's role in sustainability only increases. Results from a qualitative study conducted among 4- and 5-star hotels in Dubai suggested that, while hotels are keen, there is a lack of awareness and understanding about how best to implement sustainable initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic growth prioritizes building and strengthening sectors in the economic field by developing, improving and maximizing resources. The indicator used to see the macroeconomic conditions in a region is by looking at the Gross Domestic Product (GRDP) in the region. The purpose of this study was to determine the agricultural subsector included in the leading sector (base) and to determine the shift of the agricultural sub-sector in West Java Province and the classification of Klassen typology in the economic sector in West Java Province. This study uses secondary data in the form of the value of the Gross Regional Domestic Product of West Java Province and the Indonesian Gross Domestic Product at constant 2010 prices by business field from 2019 to 2023. The data is processed using location quentient (LQ) analysis tools, shift share analysis (SSA) and Klassen typology analysis. The results of the location quentient (LQ) analysis show that the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries sector is a non-base sector in West Java Province. The results of shift share analysis (SSA) show that the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector has a positive influence on regional economic growth (Nij) of Rp. 12,925 billion, Industry Mix (Mij) of Rp. -5,183 billion and competitive advantage (Cij) of Rp. 910,074 billion. The results of the Klassen typology analysis show that the Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector is a developed but depressed sector, so it is hoped that the West Java Provincial Government will accelerate growth by increasing output and absorbing more labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although the impact of FDI on the Polish economy is relatively well recognised in the literature, analyses of sectoral differentiation of FDI in Poland are rarely undertaken, so the aim of this article is to establish the relationship between FDI inflows and the development of innovation in the construction materials sector. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs a comprehensive desk research approach, analyzing statistical data on foreign investments This methodology allows for a detailed examination of the correlation between FDI inflow and innovation of construction materials enterprises in the construction materials industry. Findings: The article identifies the nature of innovations generated in the surveyed entities and their penetration into the national environment. Research limitations/implications: If research is reported on in the paper, this section must be completed and should include suggestions for future research and any identified limitations in the research process. The article is an attempt to answer the question: how innovative are entities with foreign capital operating in the construction materials industry in the Polish economy and whether there are spillover effects, to the domestic environment. To be used in economic policy in order to increase the absorption of capital in the form of FDI and increase the innovativeness of the economy Practical implications: Although the allocation of FDI is subject to market mechanisms that enforce innovation as a condition of competitiveness in order to remain competitive, the strengthening of the attractiveness of the capital allocation conditions indicated/identified in the article through a conscious government policy enhances innovation. To be used in economic policy in order to increase the absorption of capital in the form of FDI and thus increase the innovativeness of the economy. Originality/value: Establishing the relationship and conditions between FDI inflows and innovation development in a specific low- and medium-technology sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important literature emphasizes that finance grew rapidly after WWII relative to the full economy and the services sector, but these are poor benchmarks because they mask a broad structural shift from low- to high-skill services. We show that i) finance is among the most skill-intensive service industries, ii) the evolution of the finance income share closely tracks other high-skill service industries, and iii) finance grew much slower than the rest of high-skill services in the post-WWII period. The rise of modern finance is not as remarkable as prior research suggests, providing context for debates about the size of finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labor productivity is a key indicator of economic development and public well-being. This study assesses the structural shifts, regional dynamics, and sectoral trends in the domain of labor productivity in the Russian Arctic from 2011 to 2021, identifying aggregated economic sectors. The findings reveal that labor productivity levels in the Russian Arctic exceed the national average, primarily due to the resource-based nature of regional economies. However, a major issue is the persistently high level of interregional differentiation in labor productivity within the Arctic. The study demonstrates that an initially high level of labor productivity does not necessarily ensure long-term growth. An analysis of structural shifts in labor productivity over the past decade indicates a shift towards the market sector of the Arctic economy, evidenced by an increased share in gross regional product (GRP) and a decrease in time worked. Within the market sector, several trends are observed: the leading role of the extractive industry is maintained due to its expanding share in GRP; the role of agriculture is growing, reflected in a decreased share of hours worked; and the importance of other market sector branches, particularly transport, communication, and electric power, is diminishing as their share of total hours worked increases. The observed decline in labor productivity within the non-market sector suggests the potential for negative social consequences for the Arctic population. An analysis of labor productivity growth rates indicates that the leading sectors in terms of growth are mining, finance and business services, construction, and trade. These sectors can be considered sources of economic growth in the Arctic. Interregional differences in labor productivity growth rates within the same sector of the Arctic economy suggest the influence of regional factors, highlighting the potential for discovering unique reserves of productivity growth in each region.

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The People's Republic of China developed what the specialized literature has conventionally called a new projectment economy. This article argues that the Health Industrial Economic Complex (HEIC) developed in Brazil, particularly during the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, can be interpreted as an embryonic form of a new projectment economy. Based on exploratory research, the article concludes that a new projectment economy in the country is possible if the HEIC strategy is replicated in other economic sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the overseas expansion of Chinese multinational enterprises using city-network analysis, with the focus on identifying the 'globalisations' that influence Chinese firm expansion. Applying a stepwise regression model to explain the world city networks of Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs), we find that variables linked to political, infrastructural, economic and cultural attributes explain the overall network. We then analyse in detail the connectivities produced by CMNEs in four main economic sectors: advanced producer services (APS), general services (GS), manufacturing (MF) and building, energy and mining industry (BEM), finding evidence of multiple, overlapping globalisations across sectors. This conforms to intensive globalisation in APS, extensive globalisation in GS and MF, and politically oriented globalisation in BEM, driven largely by Belt and Road, and related initiatives. The state presence in CMNEs' overseas expansions suggests that globalisation by firms is tied to state-led globalisation objectives in some contexts, which complements the narratives that cast firm-led globalisation as market-oriented and stateless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ASEAN Economic Community or ussualy called AEC are economic integration agenda by country in the ASEAN. AEC contribute huge impact on economic sector in Indonesia, but also gave both hope and challenge to people in Indonesia. AEC cause Indonesian workers need to compete harder with foreign workers, because that make the jobs offer more and more limited than before. Entrepreneurship is an activity that can create new jobs so that entrepreneurship is one answer to the problem of increasingly limited job opportunities. This article reviews previous research and articles with similar themes with the aim of providing an overview of the influencing factors of entrepreneurship from a psychological perspective. Based on several literature studies, it is concluded that there are various internal and external factors that influence entrepreneurship. Further research and studies are needed in the fields of psychology and entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay indicates the main antecedents for the organization of the health system in Chile that is presently in force, with transformations following the country's coup d'état 50 years ago. It describes the recent debate over, and resistance to, the transformation and strengthening of the public system, with regard to controlling the health industry in the post-dictatorship, from the point of view of the sectors of economic power as well as the important viewpoint of the population, which in the face of a discouraged public health sector, seems to overlook the collective meaning of health care and the role of a state guarantor and protector of minimum social rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the relationship between the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the state of the economy, the authors developed a stochastic model that covers the epidemic and economic blocks and the system of relationships between them. Based on the three-sector Lorenz model, they have proposed an approach to analyze the interrelationships between economic sectors related to food production, food supply chains, and the healthcare industry. The model combines the above economic sectors in a single structure and considers each sector in terms of productivity, the number of jobs, and the structural disturbance levels. The authors carried out model studies to analyze the dependence of the dynamics of the pandemic on the initial conditions and parameters for managing the epidemic process and the impact of the pandemic on changes in the balance of supply and demand in sectors of the economy related to food production, food transportation, and the healthcare industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research shows that domestic unrest, and especially violent conflict, raises political risk and discourages foreign direct investment (FDI). However, prior work primarily has studied private Western multinational corporations, not authoritarian China, the second largest overseas investor, which has both state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and privately-owned enterprises (POEs). This paper investigates the effects of domestic conflict on overseas Chinese FDI. We first compare Chinese SOE and POE investments in host states facing political unrest. Next, we disaggregate political unrest, examining the effect of violent and non-violent campaigns on Chinese SOEs and POEs. We then disaggregate the sector of FDI inflows. Contrary to prior conflict studies, we find host states under political unrest, and specifically violent campaigns, attract Chinese SOEs no matter the economic sector, whereas POEs are more risk averse. Our findings show that Chinese SOEs favor higher risk investments, suggesting the need for theoretical nuance in the domestic conflict and FDI literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]