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The aim of this paper is to use the second derivative of Chebyshev polynomials (SDCHPs) as basis functions for solving linear and nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs). Then, the operational matrix for the derivative was established by using SDCHPs. The established matrix via mixing between two spectral methods, collocation and Galerkin, has been applied to solve BVPs. Consequently, an error analysis is investigated to ensure the convergence of the technique used. Finally, we solved some problems involving real-life applications and compared their solutions with exact and other solutions from different methods to verify the accuracy and efficiency of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study investigated the incidence and occurrence of virus-like symptoms in solanaceous plants, peppers (Capsicum spp.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) and tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) in Egypt. In this study, a total of 640 samples collected from different Governorates in Egypt. 640 samples were tested using DAS-ELISA, with 86.87% of samples showing positive reactions. It was also, revealed that Potato virus Y (PVY) was the most prevalent virus (16.41%), followed by Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) (11.87%), Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PepMMoV) both (10.94%), However, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected at low frequency (4.22%). Some samples were found coinfected with two or three different viruses (i. e. PVY+ ToMV, TMV+ PepMMoV+ TYLCV). Results demonstrated that potato was the most infected plans (37.65%) followed by tomato (27.97%) and then by pepper (21.25%). Potato was the most infected plant (37.65%), followed by tomato (27.97%), and then pepper (21.25%). Collected pepper leaf and fruit with negative results in all tested antisera were selected for identification the virus isolates which suggestive to be Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) on the basis of symptomatology, host range, modes of transmission and particle morphology. RT-PCR was used to confirm the identity of the virus isolate. Among twenty-five plants species and cultivars, the virus isolate reacted positively with fourteen plants species. The virus was transmitted mechanically and by seed 1:2.5%. Examination of leaf tissue extracts of infected pepper plants by electron microscope revealed rod–shaped particles of 261-348 nm in length, in the range of the Tobamovirus group. Concerning varietal susceptibility, Helsinki and Mycelia pepper cultivars were highly susceptible (70%) followed by California Wonder (50%) and Vita Z 461 (40%). On the other hand, Vita Z Dragon cultivar was the lowest susceptible one (30%). RT-PCR analysis indicated that the virus isolate is ToBRFV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in the Middle East is increasing, impacting the economic and healthcare burden. The management of patients with mild to moderate UC is still a challenge as several factors can affect optimal care, including drug choice, induction and maintenance dose, treatment optimization and de-escalation, therapy duration, monitoring, and safety profile. We conducted an expert consensus to standardize the management of patients with mild to moderate UC. Sixteen experts in inflammatory bowel diseases, through a well-established and accepted Delphi methodology, voted and approved eight statements in order to provide practical guidance to clinicians in the Middle East.

Dyes are recalcitrait organic pollutants threatening the aquatic environment and human health. In the present study, a novel low-cost hybrid membrane was fabricated by coating polyurethane foam (PUF) with polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAN/PVP) via phase inversion technique from casting solutions consisting of PAN and PVP with Dimethyl formamide (DMF) and applied for removal of cationic (Methylene Blue (MB)) and anionic (Methyl Orange (MO)) dyes from aqueous solutions. The as-prepared membrane was first characterized by Scan Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), etc. Then, batch experiments were conducted to optimize the adsorption conditions, including contact time, adsorbent dose, dyes concentration, and pH. The dye removal results fitted with pseudo first and second-order kinetics; Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms' models. The maximum dye decolorization was approximately 97% and 95% within 60 and 120 min using 0.5 and 1 g of the fabricated composite for MB and MO, respectively. The kinetic studies showed rapid sorption dynamics following a second-order kinetic model. In addition, dye adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm with monolayer maximum adsorption capacity of 6.356 and 3.321 mg/g for MO and MB dye, respectively. Thus, the novel hybrid membrane is promising as a cheap and efficient adsorbent for the removal of both cationic and anionic dyes from wastewater. The current study demonstrated a new avenue to achieve efficient management of dyes in aquatic environments., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)