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Background: Early neurologic deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke could result in significant worsening of clinical prognosis. Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is related to stroke severity and might be a predictor of short-term mortality in acute ischemic stroke. This study investigated the relationship between NLR and END in anterior circulation stroke patients. Methods: Consecutive patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke admitted to hospital within 24-hour of symptom onset were analyzed. NLR was calculated according to the Laboratory parameters obtained during the first 24 hours after admission. The rate of the END was recorded during the first 72-hours of admission. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to investigate the relationship between NLR and END. Results: We included 228 consecutive patients within 24-hours of symptom onset for the final analysis. In total, 64 (28.1%) experienced END during the first 72 hours after admission. Patients with END were more likely to have higher NLR (median NLR 3.8 vs 2.4; p< 0.001) compared with those without END. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that NLR> 2.65 (OR, 4.019; 95% CI, 1.937– 8.337; p< 0.001) was an independent predictor of END. Also, patients in high NLR subgroup (NLR> 2.65) at admission were more likely to have prolonged length of stays (median length of stays 12 vs 4; p< 0.001). Conclusion: This study found NLR was an independent predictor of END in patients with anterior circulation stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors in oral squamous cell carcinoma. In early stage oral cancers, Depth of invasion (DOI) is a predictor for lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate if DOI 4 mm can be considered as a threshold for clinical decision making on elective neck dissection (END) in early oral cancer, by assessing the association of DOI and the risk of occult lymph node metastasis in early Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A retrospective study was conducted on 319 patients with early pT1-2 OSCC who were clinically N negative. All patients underwent primary resection and END. The patients were divided into two groups based on DOI: < 4 mm and ≥ 4 mm. Nodal metastases were then noted for each group. The rate of nodal metastasis in respect to tumor size was also observed. Out of 111 patients having DOI < 4 mm only 15 (4.7%) had lymph node metastasis, whereas out of 208 patients having DOI ≥ 4 mm, 81 patients (25.4%) had neck node metastasis, with p value < 0.05. Tumors having DOI ≥ 4 mm has higher chances of occult metastasis and also increased probability of other prognostic factors like PNI and LVI, suggesting that DOI ≥ 4 mm can be considered a cut – off value for performing END. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luo, Tian and Wu [Discrete Math. 345(4) (2022) 112788] conjectured that for any tree T with bipartition (X,Y ), every k-connected bipartite graph G with minimum degree at least k + w, where w =max{|X|,|Y |}, contains a tree T′≅T such that κ(G − V (T′)) ≥ k. In the paper, we confirm the conjecture when T is an odd path on m vertices. We remind that Yang and Tian [Proof of a conjecture on connectivity keeping odd paths in k-connected bipartite graphs, arXiv:2209.08373v2] also prove the same result by a different way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a countable metric space, we can consider its end. Then a basis of a Hilbert space indexed by the metric space defines an end of the Hilbert space, which is a new notion and different from an end as a metric space. Such an indexed basis also defines unitary operators of finite propagation, and these operators preserve an end of a Hilbert space. Then, we can define a Hilbert bundle with end, which lightens up new structures of Hilbert bundles. In a special case, we can define characteristic classes of Hilbert bundles with ends, which are new invariants of Hilbert bundles. We show Hilbert bundles with ends appear in natural contexts. First, we generalize the pushforward of a vector bundle along a finite covering to an infinite covering, which is a Hilbert bundle with end under a mild condition. Then we compute characteristic classes of some pushforwards along infinite coverings. Next, we will show the spectral decompositions of nice differential operators give rise to Hilbert bundles with ends, which elucidate new features of spectral decompositions. The spectral decompositions we will consider are the Fourier transform and the harmonic oscillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, the trees studied in infinite graphs are trees of height at most ω, with each node adjacent to its parent and its children (and every branch of the tree inducing a path or a ray). However, there is also a method, systematically introduced by Brochet and Diestel, of turning arbitrary well-founded order trees T into graphs, in a way such that every T-branch induces a generalised path in the sense of Rado. This article contains an introduction to this method and then surveys four recent applications of order trees to infinite graphs, with relevance for well-quasi orderings, Hadwiger's conjecture, normal spanning trees and end-structure, the last two addressing long-standing open problems by Halin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the floristic surveys in 2020–2023 in the United Arab Emirates, we recorded Maerua crassifolia Forssk., which is new to the flora of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. This species has a distribution across Africa, through the Arabian Peninsula, to Iran and Pakistan. We discuss the geographic range of this species, its presence in the Arabian Peninsula, and its conservation status. Our new record expands the geographic distribution of the species and highlights the importance of expanding botanical surveys to increase the knowledge on the floral diversity of the emirate.

The formal announcement of the end of the COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO came on the 5th of May 2023; however, unlike the pandemic onset, the pandemic end date was not met with any significant media coverage or news reporting in Ireland. Additionally, there were no series of contemplations either in newspapers or other media about the impact of the decision to formally end the pandemic despite having financial and legislative impacts on a wide number of people. Given the potential impact of the removal of government subsidies on health and occupations, government and media coverage of the decisions and potential implications would have been helpful. The opportunity for a significant debriefing of the pandemic outlining what we have learned from the COVID-19 pandemic response may have been missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Theology & Morality / Teologia I Moralmosc is the property of Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza (IH UAM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Abstract]: Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and any possible interactions between specific MTHFR alleles and traditional risk factors among a Han Chinese cohort. Methods: 434 AIS patients were consecutively recruited between January 2017 and June 2019, including 129 END and 305 non-END cases. A candidate gene association study design was used to analyze the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and END risk. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was employed to genotype the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. The interactional analyses were performed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction test. Results: Hyperglycemia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.410, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.436–4.046, p = 0.001), neurological function impairment (NIHSS score >5) (OR: 2.158, 95%CI: 1.337–3.484, p = 0.002) on admission, and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) (OR: 2.570, 95%CI: 1.229–5.376, p = 0.012) were independently associated with END. The TT genotype (OR: 1.710, 95%CI: 1.021–2.863, p = 0.043) and T allele (OR: 1.710, 95%CI: 1.021–2.863, p = 0.043) of this C677T polymorphism were associated with susceptibility to END, and the TT genotype was more common in the subjects with HHcy (OR: 2.525, 95%CI: 1.111–5.739, P = 0.023). In addition, we also found interactions for END risk between the C677T polymorphism and traditional risk factors for END, including: hyperglycemia on admission, drinking, and moderate to severe neurological deficits (OR 1.237, 95 % CI 0.227–6.734), although the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.806). Conclusions: Our results show a possible association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and gene–environment interactions with END susceptibility in a Han Chinese cohort.

Las exigencias de funcionamiento de los diferentes equipos y piezas industriales ya sea en el ámbito naviero, aeronáutico, manufacturas, automotriz, energía, etc., requieren unas demandas muy estrictas en cuanto a la calidad de las piezas utilizadas y los mecanismos de unión en la construcción de los mismos. La evaluación del estado en que se encuentran las piezas y uniones metálicas no se limita solo al periodo de construcción sino también a lo largo de la vida útil a fin de activar mecanismos de prevención y/o detección de fallas en las piezas y uniones. Esto contribuye a evitar que un empeoramiento de las fallas incipientes pueda tener consecuencias graves en el funcionamiento de las maquinarias. A fin de evitar estos inconvenientes existen unas técnicas denominadas ensayos no destructivos END, cuya aplicación permite la detección de fallas en soldaduras, fundiciones, hormigones, etc. Además de su probada eficacia estas técnicas se aplican sin necesidad de alterar la composición física del material bajo prueba, permitiendo su realización aun durante el funcionamiento de las mismas. En este trabajo se presentan los fundamentos de los ensayos no destructivos y el estudio de algunos casos relevantes, como el estudio del grosor de tuberías y detección de la reducción del espesor de las paredes internas debido a los efectos de la corrosión utilizando ultrasonidos y corrientes parasitas, la detección de una fisura dentro de un trabajo de soldadura mediante líquidos penetrantes en un caso y en otro mediante termografía infrarroja y finalmente en el último caso la inspección del grosor de una tubería mediante corrientes parasitas.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(2), 803-808 | European Forum Highlight of 28 November 2023 | (Abstract) This paper seeks to address the question of the future of the Ukrainian territories that have recently been or are currently being occupied by Russia primarily through the prism of relevant rules of international humanitarian law. After briefly recalling the conditions for the beginning of a belligerent occupation, the focus will be on the modalities for its termination, which will be examined and discussed with reference to the case of Ukraine.

This paper focused on the provision of an affordable and less weight prosthetic arm for the Zimbabwe an population. There search concentrated on improving the amputees' living standards by means of providing them with a useful artificial arm which can perform tasks as a normal human arm. The literature review was thoroughly done by investigating the latest prostatic arms available in the market. The V model o revolutionary prototyping was used in there search project to account for every component of the prosthetic limb. The V-model is a type of software development life cycle (SDLC)paradigm where processes run sequentially in a V-shape. The Ruoko bot is flexible and affordable thanthe current artificial prosthetic available. The prosthetic limb has an Arduino board which allows the useof an artificial intelligence algorithm to determine which signal of the brain's waves should be translated into bodily motion by anEEGheadband. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a systematic investigation into how tree-decompositions of finite adhesion capture topological properties of the space formed by a graph together with its ends. As main results, we characterise when the ends of a graph can be distinguished, and characterise which subsets of ends can be displayed by a tree-decomposition of finite adhesion. In particular, we show that a subset Ψ of the ends of a graph G can be displayed by a tree-decomposition of finite adhesion if and only if Ψ is G δ (a countable intersection of open sets) in | G | , the topological space formed by a graph together with its ends. Since the undominated ends of a graph are easily seen to be G δ , this provides a structural explanation for Carmesin's result that the set of undominated ends can always be displayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Endoxa is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

From Kant’s view, freedom is the universal property of humans as the autonomy of will. He established morals on the ground of freedom through legislation of Practical Reason. In Kant’s philosophy, freedom is a ground, based on which humans have dignity as an individual and human beings. The concept of freedom is conjunct with moral law and practical reason and is not found in the scope of nature. The moral law being freedom in a sense elevates humans from the scope of nature and gives them value and dignity, which is based on freedom and autonomy. A moral human creates value for the world, and human is the end of creation. The Intermediator of human relationship as a moral being and the end of nature is the freedom concept. This article is written concentrating on Kant’s view of “The relationship between dignity and humans freedom”. Freedom is neither an objective matter nor the subject of cognition because the concept of freedom is related to the rational world and is realized in the behavior and disposition of humans. Everything has a price or dignity in the land of ends. Whatever has a price could be traded, but what is more valuable than any value and has no equivalent whatsoever is dignity. The humanity of humans is the only being that has “dignity” as long as it is capable of having morality.

Noise is a major environmental concern. To address this issue, the European Commission (EC) launched the Environmental Noise Directive (END), whose main objective is to assess and manage noise from various sources, including airports, roads, railways and agglomerations. An effective implementation of END requires the harmonisation of data supplied by various national agencies such as municipalities and airport authorities. This paper presents the Portuguese approach to the harmonization of data, as part of the END implementation, which was coordinated by the Portuguese Environmental Agency (APA). It also describes a set of principles and procedures developed by APA to ensure data harmonization and integration in a single platform, which provides interoperable information to decision makers, key stakeholders and general public, through Web Services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abhath is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Adolescent pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of unfavourable birth outcomes. • Provision of comprehensive, essential, and minimal care packages of ANC service on each ANC visit is very crucial in mitigating unfavourable birth outcomes. • Evidence on the association between the quality of ANC and adverse birth outcomes among adolescent women is lacking in SSA. • Nearly one-fourth of adolescent women in SSA experienced at least one type of adverse birth outcome and low quality of ANC was significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. • Policy makers should focus on implementing strategies to enhance the quality of ANC services provided to adolescent women. This study aimed to assess the association between the quality of antenatal care (ANC) service utilisation and adverse birth outcomes among adolescent women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). A two-level mixed-effects model was employed using the recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data from 22 SSA countries. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel analyses were conducted to assess the association between individual and community level factors with adverse birth outcomes. The results of the fixed effects model were interpreted in the form of adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). In SSA, 23.5 % of adolescent mothers experienced adverse birth outcomes. This study found that receiving high quality ANC was associated with a 28 % reduction in the likelihood of adverse birth outcomes (AOR = 0.72, 95 % CI: 0.63, 0.83). Among the individual-level factors, middle-aged adolescence (AOR = 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.36), being a female newborn (AOR = 1.15, 95 % CI: 1.05, 1.26), single marital status (AOR = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.78, 0.96) and higher educational status (AOR = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.74, 0.93) were significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. From the community-level variables, women from Eastern Africa had positive significant association with adverse birth outcomes (AOR = 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.15, 1.46). Nearly one-fourth of adolescent women in SSA experienced at least one type of adverse birth outcome. Low quality of ANC was significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes. Policymakers need to consider a comprehensive, essential, and minimal package of ANC to enhance the quality of ANC, which is crucial for better adolescent birth outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psycho-Oncologie is the property of Tech Science Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, we establish two gap theorems for ends of smooth metric measure space (M^n, g,e^{-f}dv) with the Bakry-Émery Ricci tensor \operatorname {Ric}_{f}\!\ge -(n-1) in a geodesic ball B_{o}(R) with radius R and center o\in M^n. When \operatorname {Ric}_{f}\ge 0 and f has some degeneration outside B_{o}(R), we show that there exists an \epsilon =\epsilon (n,\sup _{B_{o}(1)}|f|) such that such a space has at most two ends if R\le \epsilon. When \operatorname {Ric}_{f}\ge \frac 12 and f(x)\le \frac 14d^2(x,B_{o}(R))+c for some constant c>0 outside B_{o}(R), we can also get the same gap conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to present Hegel’s specific solution to the problem of beginning’s regression in the perspective of the crucial historical-philosophical inquiries of late 18th and early 19th centuries’ postKantian idealism. This historical background gives the opportunity to enrich the Hegelian doctrine of the circular philosophical system with the thesis of causality’s sublation in the reciprocal interdependence of developmental moments. The mutual justification of the starting point and the result, as well as of every grade in-between, provides a positive resolution of the epistemological skepticism, namely, by introducing it as an integral part of the dialectical progress-regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surgical management of the clinical negative neck node in early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) has been the topic of debate since few decades. As the occult cervical lymph node metastasis is considered to be the prime prognostic factor in early OTSCC, this meta-analysis has been carried out to find the risk of regional nodal recurrence, disease specific survival and overall survival rates in outcome of Elective neck dissection (END) versus patients under observation. The articles were electronically retrieved from Ovid Medline, PubMed, Cochrane and Scholar for comparison of END versus Observation in early OTSCC. The search strategy identified 37 relevant review articles from April 1979 to April 2020 from different search engines. A total of 11,973 patients from 32 retrospective analysis, 4 prospective and 1 randomised control trial were included in this meta-analysis. Statistical analysis revealed Overall test (OR: 5.31 95% CI: − 2.132–14.698) with t-test 1.919 and p value 0.113 which is not statistically significant but the readings says that there is always better Disease specific survival with END patients rather than patients kept on observation. Overall test revealed (OR: 13.02 95% CI: 1.360–17.154) with t test 2.382 and p value 0.023 which is statistically significant and showed that End significantly reduced the risk of regional nodal recurrence. Overall test revealed (OR: 7.93 95% CI: − 15.461–4.238) with t test − 1.347 and p value 0.220 which is statistically insignificant and but showed that to some extent Overall survival improves in patient with END than the patients kept on observation. This meta-analysis find that there is statistically significant relationship when Elective neck dissection was performed which reduced the risk of regional nodal recurrence. This analysis didn't statistically find any significance in Disease specific survival and Overall survival with Elective neck dissection patients rather than patients kept on observation but however showed good prognosis when elective neck dissection was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Carmesin has extended Robertson and Seymour's tree-of-tangles theorem to the infinite tangles of locally finite infinite graphs. We extend it further to the infinite tangles of all infinite graphs. Our result has a number of applications for the topology of infinite graphs, such as their end spaces and their compactifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppose (M n , g , f) is a complete shrinking gradient Ricci soliton. Assume that | R i c | < n - 2 2 n , where n ≥ 3 , then it has only one end. Similar results hold for the expanding gradient Ricci soliton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The directions of an infinite graph G are a tangle-like description of its ends: they are choice functions that choose a component of G − X for all finite vertex sets X ⊆ V (G) in a compatible manner. Although every direction is induced by a ray, there exist directions of graphs that are not uniquely determined by any countable subset of their choices. We characterise these directions and their countably determined counterparts in terms of star-like substructures or rays of the graph. Curiously, there exist graphs whose directions are all countably determined but which cannot be distinguished all at once by countably many choices. We structurally characterise the graphs whose directions can be distinguished all at once by countably many choices, and we structurally characterise the graphs whose directions cannot be distinguished in this manner. Our characterisations are phrased in terms of normal trees and tree-decompositions. Our four (sub)structural characterisations imply combinatorial characterisations of the four classes of infinite graphs that are defined by the first and second axiom of countability applied to their end spaces: the two classes of graphs whose end spaces are first countable or second countable, respectively, and the complements of these two classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Filozofski Vestnik is the property of Scientific Research Centre of Slovenian Academy of Sciences & Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This essay considers and reflects upon the principle of causality and its relation to the global environmental crisis. Parting from some of Immanuel Kant's views on causality and freedom as well as from Heidegger's reading of causality in Kant, it asks some questions about the role of human activity in the principle of causality, the relation between causality and freedom, and in what possible different way we could interpret causality and environment. The essay proposes that instead of trying to decide on the subject of who causes the environmental crisis, and on the subject capable to solve it, one must turn the intention of inquiry to the very principle of causality and consider the need to rethink this notion today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In The End of All Things, Kant clearly distinguishes eternity in the sense of noumenon, from eternity in the sense of time. The distinction between these two concepts corresponds to that between phenomenon and thing-in-itself. While thinking about the transition from time to noumenal eternity, Kant raises the question of the end of human history. He interprets human history in a regulatory way as a human drama with a beginning and an end planned by God. The final end of history is the realization of the highest good, and human history is the time journey going towards that end. According to this moral order, the end of history does not block the infinite extension of time, but it has a two-sided relationship with it. The supernatural end will cut off the process of time. The contranatural end will reverse the horrifying image of the Last Judgment and moral motive, and by so doing it will in fact cancel the authority of human reason's lawgiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that every graph has a canonical tree of tree-decompositions that distinguishes all principal tangles (these include the ends and various kinds of large finite dense structures) efficiently. Here 'trees of tree-decompositions' are a slightly weaker notion than 'tree-decompositions' but much more well-behaved than 'tree-like metric spaces'. This theorem is best possible in the sense that we give an example that 'trees of tree-decompositions' cannot be strengthened to 'tree-decompositions' in the above theorem. This implies results of Dunwoody and Krön as well as of Carmesin, Diestel, Hundertmark and Stein. Beyond that for locally finite graphs our result gives for each k ∈ N canonical tree-decompositions that distinguish all k -distinguishable ends efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and any possible interactions between specific MTHFR alleles and traditional risk factors among a Han Chinese cohort., Methods: 434 AIS patients were consecutively recruited between January 2017 and June 2019, including 129 END and 305 non-END cases. A candidate gene association study design was used to analyze the association between MTHFR gene polymorphism and END risk. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was employed to genotype the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. The interactional analyses were performed using the multifactor dimensionality reduction test., Results: Hyperglycemia (odds ratio [OR]: 2.410, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.436-4.046, p = 0.001), neurological function impairment (NIHSS score >5) (OR: 2.158, 95%CI: 1.337-3.484, p  = 0.002) on admission, and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) (OR: 2.570, 95%CI: 1.229-5.376, p  = 0.012) were independently associated with END. The TT genotype (OR: 1.710, 95%CI: 1.021-2.863, p = 0.043) and T allele (OR: 1.710, 95%CI: 1.021-2.863, p = 0.043) of this C677T polymorphism were associated with susceptibility to END, and the TT genotype was more common in the subjects with HHcy (OR: 2.525, 95%CI: 1.111-5.739, P = 0.023). In addition, we also found interactions for END risk between the C677T polymorphism and traditional risk factors for END, including: hyperglycemia on admission, drinking, and moderate to severe neurological deficits (OR 1.237, 95 % CI 0.227-6.734), although the results were not statistically significant (p = 0.806)., Conclusions: Our results show a possible association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and gene-environment interactions with END susceptibility in a Han Chinese cohort., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

This essay considers and reflects upon the principle of causality and its relation to the global environmental crisis. Parting from some of Immanuel Kant’s views on causality and freedom as well as from Heidegger’s reading of causality in Kant, it asks some questions about the role of human activity in the principle of causality, the relation between causality and freedom, and in what possible different way we could interpret causality and environment. The essay proposes that instead of trying to decide on the subject of who causes the environmental crisis, and on the subject capable to solve it, one must turn the intention of inquiry to the very principle of causality and consider the need to rethink this notion today.