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A massive expansion of renewable energy (RE) is underway to meet the worlds climate goals. Although RE serves to reduce threats from climate change, it can also pose threats to species whose current and future ranges intersect with RE installations. Here, we propose a Climate-Smart Siting framework for addressing potential conflicts between RE expansion and biodiversity conservation. The framework engenders authentic consultation with affected and disadvantaged communities throughout and uses overlay and optimization routines to identify focal areas now and in the future where RE development poses promise and peril as species ranges shift in response to climate change. We use this framework to demonstrate methods, identify decision outcomes, and discuss market-based levers for aligning RE expansion with the United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework now and as climate change progresses. In the face of the climate crisis, a Climate-Smart Siting strategy could help create solutions without causing further harm to biodiversity and human communities..

As more renewable energy generators and adjustable loads such as electric vehicles are being connected to the power grids, load modelling of the distribution network becomes more complicated. Therefore, this paper explores a dynamic equivalent modelling method for active distribution network that takes into account electric vehicle charging. First of all the combination of integrated ZIP loads and motors is adopted as an equivalent model for active distribution networks. Subsequently, a four‐layer, tri‐stage deep reinforcement learning approach is used to solve the relevant key parameters of the proposed equivalent model. The method proposed in this paper fully utilizes the superiority of reinforcement learning in decision making, while the method combines the excellent feature extraction capability of deep learning. The method utilizes measurements obtained at boundary nodes to obtain an active distributed network equivalent model after a series of calculations. At the same time, adjustable loads are identified in detail. On the other hand, this method introduces a prioritized empirical playback mechanism, log‐cosh loss function, and adaptive operator to improve the computational efficiency of the method. From the simulation results, the present method is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federated learning (FL) on the edge devices must support continual learning (CL) to handle continuously evolving the data and perform the model training in an energy-efficient manner to accommodate the devices with limited computational and energy resources. This letter proposes an energy-efficient personalized federated CL (FCL) framework for the edge devices. The network structure on each device is divided into parts for retaining old knowledge and learning new knowledge, training only part of the model to reduce overhead. A data-free parameter selection approach selects important parameters from the trained model to retain old knowledge. During new task learning, a federated search method determines a resource-adaptive personalized model structure for each device. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can effectively support FCL in an energy-efficient manner on the edge devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Available and reliable energy supply is essential for the consumers in the Arctic regions that are characterized by a climate. The importance of the energy infrastructure is emphasized in the strategic planning documents. However, projects of constructing energy capacities are not always implemented. In the study an analysis of some energy development projects implementation in the regions of the Western Russian Arctic was performed; promising areas of energy development are also examined. In the medium term, fossil fuels and hydropower will continue to be the main sources of energy supply to consumers in the Western Arctic, while a significant share of nuclear power will remain in the Murmansk region. Under these circumstances, in the regions the tasks of providing gas supplies and increasing the use of local energy resources are set. Gas supplies methods as well as types of local energy resources may differ for different regions. Purpose of the study it to find out trends in the development of energy supply in the regions of the Western Arctic of Russia in the medium term. Methodology includes information analysis on the research topic, generalization, comparison, systematization. Results: it was found that the trends in the development of energy supply in the regions of the Western Arctic were an increase in gas supplies and the use of local energy sources. The formulated criteria for choosing energy resources are accessibility, economic feasibility, and environmental acceptability. Practical implications. The obtained results can be applied in making decisions on energy development in the Western Arctic regions, as well as to prepare courses on energy economics and regional economics.

Abstract This study employs a sophisticated bi‐level optimization methodology to model the most efficient operation of microgrids (MGs) within the operational framework of distribution companies (DCs). In this bi‐level optimization problem, the upper level strives to maximize the profits of both MGs owners and DCs, while the lower level is dedicated to ensuring load balance, managing distributed generation, and implementing load curtailment strategies. The coordination of power transmission is facilitated by the DCs. At the upper level of decision‐making, the optimal pricing strategies for power transactions are determined, accounting for various factors such as market prices, demand response programs, and uncertainties in wind speed. Through the utilization of a bi‐level optimization framework, this study comprehensively captures the complex interactions between MGs and DCs, taking into consideration the objectives and constraints of both entities. This approach offers a more precise representation of the decision‐making process in retail electricity markets, thereby providing valuable insights into the optimal operation of MGs within the DCs setting.

Copyright of International Journal of Contemporary Humanities & Educational Science is the property of International Journal of Contemporary Humanities & Educational Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kufa Studies Center Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose. To analyze the energy saving reserves under the conditions of implementation and integration of the system in order to find rational driving modes in the general system of managing underground electrified transport. Methodology. The work presents the method for processing data arrays obtained experimentally with the help of a measuring system and theoretically with the use of the “Rational Trajectory” software. Findings. Experimental studies were carried out using a testing system created on the basis of a refurbished train with energy recovery system. Theoretical studies were carried out using the “Rational Trajectory” software, which is based on the principle of solving a multi-criteria problem by the method of the main criterion. The minimum amount of electricity consumption from the overhead contact line was chosen as the main criterion. The software was developed in the LabVIEW graphical programming environment in order to determine the rational modes of driving rolling stock and energy indicators in a given area of its operation. The amount of electricity consumed for traction and the amount of electricity generated by the train during regenerative braking were determined based on the results of experimental and theoretical studies, respectively, under typical and rational modes of driving the train for given identical operating conditions. Originality. Further research on the analysis of energy saving reserves on the rolling stock of underground electrified transport was achieved due to the introduction of a system for finding a rational driving mode. Practical value. It has been established that the implementation and incorporation of the “Rational Trajectory” software into the train control system will save up to 14.7 % of the amount of electricity consumed for traction, compared to typical modes operation on a given track section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs a sophisticated bi‐level optimization methodology to model the most efficient operation of microgrids (MGs) within the operational framework of distribution companies (DCs). In this bi‐level optimization problem, the upper level strives to maximize the profits of both MGs owners and DCs, while the lower level is dedicated to ensuring load balance, managing distributed generation, and implementing load curtailment strategies. The coordination of power transmission is facilitated by the DCs. At the upper level of decision‐making, the optimal pricing strategies for power transactions are determined, accounting for various factors such as market prices, demand response programs, and uncertainties in wind speed. Through the utilization of a bi‐level optimization framework, this study comprehensively captures the complex interactions between MGs and DCs, taking into consideration the objectives and constraints of both entities. This approach offers a more precise representation of the decision‐making process in retail electricity markets, thereby providing valuable insights into the optimal operation of MGs within the DCs setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying price fluctuation patterns between traditional, alternative energy resources of raw material origin and the systemic world transformations is vital in understanding the variability of stable and effective functioning of relevant assets at different stages of economic waves in the context of global environmental challenges. This study was aimed at examining the dynamics of irregularity in the prices of various energy resources derived from raw materials in the global economy as investment assets within the framework of global economic changes. The price pattern of conventional and alternative energy resources on the global market were also examined alongside the connection between them and the price of electricity. The study made use of the monitoring method and the comparison method of various energy resources in terms of costs, availability, the influence they have on the market, and how they differ from each other. Secondary data was also collected from monographs and publications by Ukrainians and international experts on the subject matter. The analysis of the structure of energy resources was done in a retrospective manner following the reporting format of international organizations chosen as a base. Results revealed that the price dependency of traditional and renewable energy sources differs. While traditional energy is connected to economic cycles, the price of renewable energy is more influenced by technological advancements and less by global economic cycles. It is interesting to note that the price of renewable energy is mostly unaffected by global challenges and crises. The study recommend the results to be applied in national strategies for forecasting prices and modeling market conditions and consumer demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For Russia's successful development in new geopolitical conditions, it is necessary, through intensifying investment policy, to seriously increase the country's economic potential, providing it with a stable energy base with the maximum possible participation in world energy markets. Based on updated forecasts for the export of Russian fuel, three scenarios for accelerating the development of the economy and fuel and energy complex of Russia for the period up to 2050 have been formed. The energy supply requirements for these scenarios have been studied in connection with the dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions. A corridor has been identified for rational growth rates of investment in fixed capital with the corresponding dynamics of gross domestic product (GDP) and development of the energy sector until 2050. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As energy resource prices are on the rise and the stability of energy supplies is increasingly challenged by the current geopolitical climate, it is essential to scrutinize the capability of households to adapt to the resulting circumstances by assessing the current and potential household energy supply and adapting solutions to energy consumption habits. The aim of the research is to study of the energy consumption behaviour of households in the Baltic States amidst a significant increase in prices. The research methods encompass the examination of literary sources, categorization, amalgamation, abstraction, and juxtaposition in the theoretical segment, as well as a case study focusing on energy consumers in Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Notably, the study presents a unique analysis of the unprecedented scenario of substantial price hikes across all energy usage categories in the region. An examination of individual responses concerning energy consumption illustrates a notable escalation in household expenditures on electricity and heating. Households are endeavouring to curtail energy expenses through various conservation techniques. A correlation between income levels and household energy consumption is evident.

Summary: Climate modeling suggests that achieving international climate goals requires a reduction in current CO2 emissions by over 90%, with any remaining emissions to be addressed through carbon dioxide removal (CDR) solutions. Sixteen CDR strategies are evaluated by integrating technical potential, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, along with sequestration permanence. This evaluation, conducted by ENGIE’s scientific council using an interdisciplinary Delphi panel methodology, proposes a “quality” measure for each technology. This measure combines ESG scores and sequestration timescales to rank and select the most promising solutions. The findings highlight the necessity for further research to understand and mitigate ESG impacts, aiming to inform both future research and current decision-making to support the effective and legitimate use of CDR strategies.

Strategic competition between the United States and China is the most crucial factor determining the stability of the global security system, including economic security. The dynamic economic growth of China in the 21st century and the rap[1]id enrichment of its society have garnered admiration, especially among the Global South, which China aims to lead. This progress occurred under relatively transparent rules established by the West under the leadership of the USA. However, China’s authoritarian government has used its effectiveness and agency to argue for its political and economic model. Currently, China faces significant development challenges, including a demographic crisis, increasing debt, and a weakening real estate market. Meanwhile, the United States is taking measures to limit China’s further economic growth, particularly in modern technologies and trade. China’s ability to overcome these barriers will determine whether it can achieve global economic dominance.

Abstract Maintaining stability in modern power systems is challenging due to complex structures, rising power demand, and load disturbances. The integration of renewable energy sources further threatens stability by causing imbalances between generation and demand. Conventional load frequency stabilization methods fall short in such scenarios. This paper proposes an optimal fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative‐acceleration (FOPIDA) controller, enhanced by a robust adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to improve load frequency control and reliability in power systems with wind and solar generators. First, the dynamical model of a multi‐area interconnected power system, including a thermal power plant, wind turbine, and solar photovoltaic generators, is developed. A decentralized ANFIS‐FOPIDA controller is then designed for load frequency control objectives. The gains of this controller are optimized using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), focusing on frequency deviation and tie‐line power exchange. Simulations on a New England IEEE 10‐generator 39‐bus power system demonstrate the approach's effectiveness under various disturbances, including random load‐generation disturbances and nonlinear generation behaviors. Comparisons with other strategies, such as fractional order (FO) beetle swarm optimization algorithm (FOBSOA)‐FOPIDA, WOA‐PIDA, and WOA‐ANFIS‐PIDA, and recent control approaches highlight the superior performance of the WOA‐ANFIS‐FOPIDA method in enhancing power system stability.

Desalination using renewable energy offers a route to transform our incumbent linear consumption model to a circular one. This transition will also shift desalination from large-scale centralized coastal facilities toward modular distributed inland plants. This new scale of desalination can be satisfied using solar energy to decarbonize water production, but additional considerations, such as storage and inland brine management, become important. Here, we evaluate the levelized cost of water for 16 solar desalination system configurations at 2 different salinities. For fossil fuel-driven plants, we find that zero-liquid discharge is economically favorable to inland brine disposal. For renewable desalination, we discover that solar-thermal energy is superior to photovoltaics due to low thermal storage cost and that energy storage, despite being expensive, outperforms water storage as the latter has a low utilization factor. The analysis also yields a promising outlook for solar desalination by 2030 as solar generation and storage costs decrease.

Without a well-defined energy management plan, achieving meaningful improvements in human lifestyle becomes challenging. Adequate energy resources are essential for development, but they are both limited and costly. In the literature, several solutions have been proposed for energy management but they either minimize energy consumption or improve the occupant's comfort index. The energy management problem is a multi-objective problem where the user wants to reduce energy consumption while keeping the occupant's comfort index intact. To address the multi-objective problem this paper proposed an energy control system for a green environment called PMC (Power Management and Control). The system is based on hybrid energy optimization, energy prediction, and multi-preprocessing. The combination of GA (Genetic Algorithm) and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) is performed to make a fusion methodology to improve the occupant comfort index (OCI) and decrease energy utilization. The proposed framework gives a better OCI when compared with its counterparts, the Ant Bee Colony Knowledge Base framework (ABCKB), GA-based prediction framework (GAP), Hybrid Prediction with Single Optimization framework (SOHP), and PSO-based power consumption framework. Compared with the existing AEO framework, the PMC gives practically the same OCI but consumes less energy. The PMC framework additionally accomplished the ideal OCI (i-e 1) when compared with the existing model, FA–GA (i-e 0.98). The PMC model consumed less energy as compared to existing models such as the ABCKB, GAP, PSO, and AEO. The PMC model consumed a little bit more energy than the SOHP but provided a better OCI. The comparative outcomes show the capability of the PMC framework to reduce energy utilization and improve the OCI. Unlike other existing methodologies except for the AEO framework, the PMC technique is additionally confirmed through a simulation by controlling the indoor environment using actuators, such as fan, light, AC, and boiler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, energy resources (oil, coal and natural gas) are limited, studies on turning to alternative or sustainable energies have increased in recent years. Among the sustainable energy sources, solar energy attracts the most attention. Researchers in many industries are engineering all kinds of better-performing materials, abourt solar cells The most important point in using solar energy is the efficient conversion of sunlight into electrical energy. I this study Sr doped BaTiO3 candidate has strong photorefractive sensitivity and large electrooptic coefficients, making it a suitable crystal for use as a semiconductor in photovoltaic systems. In this study, optical properties of BaTiO3 were calculated with Denstiy Functional Theory (DFT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining stability in modern power systems is challenging due to complex structures, rising power demand, and load disturbances. The integration of renewable energy sources further threatens stability by causing imbalances between generation and demand. Conventional load frequency stabilization methods fall short in such scenarios. This paper proposes an optimal fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative‐acceleration (FOPIDA) controller, enhanced by a robust adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to improve load frequency control and reliability in power systems with wind and solar generators. First, the dynamical model of a multi‐area interconnected power system, including a thermal power plant, wind turbine, and solar photovoltaic generators, is developed. A decentralized ANFIS‐FOPIDA controller is then designed for load frequency control objectives. The gains of this controller are optimized using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), focusing on frequency deviation and tie‐line power exchange. Simulations on a New England IEEE 10‐generator 39‐bus power system demonstrate the approach's effectiveness under various disturbances, including random load‐generation disturbances and nonlinear generation behaviors. Comparisons with other strategies, such as fractional order (FO) beetle swarm optimization algorithm (FOBSOA)‐FOPIDA, WOA‐PIDA, and WOA‐ANFIS‐PIDA, and recent control approaches highlight the superior performance of the WOA‐ANFIS‐FOPIDA method in enhancing power system stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the study is to identify the thin-bed reservoirs of the Eastern Folded Belt (Sylhet and Bandarban) and characterize them with diligence. A detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis has been carried out. It is based on thin-section petrographic analyses of sandstone samples. These samples are from the reservoir horizons of the Sylhet region and Bandarban region fields. The purpose of this analysis is to characterize the textural and mineralogical properties. Additionally, it aims to evaluate the post-depositional diagenetic changes. The results obtained from the field and laboratory analysis are studied extensively to characterize the thin-bed reservoirs. Samples from the Sylhet area are medium-coarse-grained, fairly sorted, tight packing, submature-mature sublithic characteristics. Contrarily, samples from the Bandarban region are mature-submature sublithic arenites, which are fine-medium-grained, moderately well-sorted, and moderately loosely packed. Despite the similarity of the detrital elements (quartz, feldspar, lithic grains, mica, etc.) in the two areas, silica cementation is more frequent in Sylhet region samples than early carbonate cementation in Bandarban region samples. Comparatively speaking, the sediments in the Sylhet region are more compact than those in the Bandarban region. The most important outcome of this study is that the thin bed of the unconventional reservoir and the conventional reservoir are in close proximity. The Thin-bed reservoir units of the Eastern Folded Belt are found to be medium to fine-grained and well sorted, with frequent alteration of sand-shale with the prevalence of parallel bedded sandstone. Average porosity is 4% to 12%, and pore spaces are interconnected. So, the permeability rate is good enough to flow the hydrocarbon through these pore spaces. Most importantly, the thin bed and tight reservoir (average porosity 4% to 12%, but pore spaces are not interconnected) are not more prominent than 1 meter or 2 meters. Subsequently, though the vertical thickness is not so high, they keep up a momentous tirelessness of horizontal progression. On the contrary, at whatever point it comes to a conventional reservoir, the vertical thickness is higher than that of the unconventional reservoir. But their lateral persistence is not as long as unconventional ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although, Spain does not obtain an official arctic strategy, it was mentioned in the paper for Spanish Polar Strategy that the Arctic region has become one of the country's national interests. The government of Spain is also deeply concerned about the problem of climate change and how it affects economic and social aspects of life. When addressing the Arctic energy issue we must make a prior delimitation, since it does not propose to study in detail, and only in general description, the internal functioning of the Arctic energy systems, that is, the one that serves to supply their populations with lighting, water, gas or electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The climate challenges posed by the European Union are particularly difficult for emerging and developing economies. This causes reluctance to undertake them and even denial of their validity. For this reason, this article seeks to answer the question of whether it is possible to carry out an effective transformation of energy resources in the developing economies of the Visegrad Group. Analyses in this area are conducted in a long-term, 58-year research perspective (1965–2022) and concern the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The effectiveness of the examined transformation is assessed in two dimensions as follows: (1) resource and (2) emission, which are then synthesized using a multi-criteria analysis. This research shows that an effective resource transformation aimed at a zero-emission economy is possible even in emerging and developing economies, although it undoubtedly requires time and consistency in the implementation of the once-chosen energy policy. Hungary—a leader in assessed climate effectiveness—has systematically decarbonized while reducing the use of total non-renewable resources. The Hungarian resource transition strategy assumed the use of nuclear energy and an increase in the share of renewable resources. The result of these activities is a quite diversified energy mix, which is greater resource self-sufficiency and low carbon dioxide emissions. The Czech Republic also achieved a similar strategy and results. Poland and Slovakia coped much worse with the climate challenge: although they gave up coal, they replaced it largely with other non-renewable resources. It is worth emphasizing that Poland has managed to significantly increase the use of renewable resources, and nuclear energy and hydropower have also appeared in the Slovak mix. Nevertheless, this did not allow for achieving good climatic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rooftop photovoltaics (RPVs) are crucial for decarbonizing the power sector and achieving carbon neutrality, with expected future capacity increases. The growth of RPVs necessitates substantial aluminum (Al) resources, contributing significantly to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from Al production. Given China’s bauxite shortage, recycling Al from waste RPV panels presents an effective solution to enhance resource security and mitigate CO2 emissions. We developed a framework to project waste RPV quantities and assess the recycling potential of Al and its impact on CO2 emissions from 2020 to 2060. Our findings indicate potential waste flows of 95–221 million tonnes (Mt) and recycled Al ranging from 5 to 28 Mt, with a primary Al supply gap of 25–43 Mt. Recycling could reduce CO2 emissions by 35–207 Mt over the period. This research underscores the importance of Al resource security and sustainable RPV industry development in China’s pursuit of carbon neutrality.

Summary: A massive expansion of renewable energy (RE) is underway to meet the world’s climate goals. Although RE serves to reduce threats from climate change, it can also pose threats to species whose current and future ranges intersect with RE installations. Here, we propose a “Climate-Smart Siting” framework for addressing potential conflicts between RE expansion and biodiversity conservation. The framework engenders authentic consultation with affected and disadvantaged communities throughout and uses overlay and optimization routines to identify focal areas now and in the future where RE development poses promise and peril as species’ ranges shift in response to climate change. We use this framework to demonstrate methods, identify decision outcomes, and discuss market-based levers for aligning RE expansion with the United Nations Global Biodiversity Framework now and as climate change progresses. In the face of the climate crisis, a Climate-Smart Siting strategy could help create solutions without causing further harm to biodiversity and human communities..

Summary: The building sector is integral to climate change mitigation in China as well as the globe. By considering the impact of green innovation, we explore the long-term trend of carbon emissions in China’s building sector until 2060, encompassing its entire life cycle. Results show that CO2 emissions of China’s building sector will peak at 6.98–7.69 Bt in 2035 and maintain at 1.11 Bt in 2060 under the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. The “3060 dual carbon goal” will only be achieved under the technological breakthrough (TB) scenario. These findings show that existing or relatively lax policies are insufficient to achieve the “3060” goal for the building sector. China should actively pursue green technological innovation throughout the building sector’s life cycle, with a focus on accelerating the green and low-carbon production of key products, such as steel and cement, at the building material production stage.

Abstract The decarbonization of the power generation and transport sector encourage the analysis of connection of distributed energy resources (DER), such as electric vehicles (EVs), to the electrical system, as well as the evaluation of their impact on smart cities. A better understanding of the negative impacts on the power systems will lead to propose mitigation measures and eventually revolutionize the way distributed generation works. This paper aims at modelling and evaluating the impact of EVs on a real distribution network. The energy system chosen operates at 60 Hz, 34.5 kV (medium voltage) and 0.208 kV (low voltage) and it is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. To reproduce realistic user consumption profiles, dynamic load profiles based on EV owners behaviour have been simulated. The vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology is modelled to mitigate the impacts of high penetration of EVs by supporting the network from undervoltage. The results show the importance of active management in modern power systems, especially considering the increase in DER penetration expected for the coming years. This work shows the benefits of implementing V2G technology while highlighting the challenges involved in a real case.

Dramatic reductions in solar, wind, and battery storage costs create new opportunities to reduce emissions and costs in China’s electricity sector, beyond current policy goals. This study examines the cost, reliability, emissions, public health, and employment implications of increasing the share of non-fossil fuel (“carbon free”) electricity generation in China to 80% by 2035. The analysis uses state-of-the-art modeling with high resolution load, wind, and solar inputs. The study finds that achieving an 80% carbon free electricity system in China by 2035 could reduce wholesale electricity costs, relative to a current policy baseline, while maintaining high levels of reliability, reducing deaths from air pollution, and increasing employment. In our 80% scenario, wind and solar generation capacity reach 3 TW and battery storage capacity reaches 0.4 TW by 2035, implying a rapid scale up in these resources that will require changes in policy targets, markets and regulation, and land use policies.

Compensation structures for residential solar are evolving toward a model that incentivizes using battery storage to maximize solar self-consumption. Using metered data from 1,800 residential customers across six U.S. utilities, we show that batteries operated solely in this manner provide customer bill savings up to $20-30 per kWh of storage capacity annually, but virtually no grid value. Relative to market-based dispatch, this value gap remains across customers and will become more severe over time, insofar as increased renewable energy penetration leads to more volatile wholesale prices. This inefficiency primarily stems from residential batteries largely sitting idle on peak days. We show that incentivizing storage customers to respond to market prices, particularly on peak days, would enhance both private and public value. Unconstrained grid discharging increases exports to distribution networks, but 50-70% of the potential market value could be achieved without materially degrading solar self-consumption levels or increasing local grid stress.

Copyright of Journal of Actual Problems of Jurisprudence / Habaršy. Zan̦ Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The decarbonization of the power generation and transport sector encourage the analysis of connection of distributed energy resources (DER), such as electric vehicles (EVs), to the electrical system, as well as the evaluation of their impact on smart cities. A better understanding of the negative impacts on the power systems will lead to propose mitigation measures and eventually revolutionize the way distributed generation works. This paper aims at modelling and evaluating the impact of EVs on a real distribution network. The energy system chosen operates at 60 Hz, 34.5 kV (medium voltage) and 0.208 kV (low voltage) and it is simulated using PSCAD/EMTDC. To reproduce realistic user consumption profiles, dynamic load profiles based on EV owners behaviour have been simulated. The vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology is modelled to mitigate the impacts of high penetration of EVs by supporting the network from undervoltage. The results show the importance of active management in modern power systems, especially considering the increase in DER penetration expected for the coming years. This work shows the benefits of implementing V2G technology while highlighting the challenges involved in a real case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to agriculture, Brazil stands out as one of the main meat exporters. In beef production, the waste from the slaughter of a 400-kg bovine produces about 26 kg of waste. In pig farming, the waste generated in the slaughter of a 90-kg pig corresponds to 2.7 kg. Both residues are potential substrates for the production of bioenergy through anaerobic digestion and co-digestion. Likewise, the biogas plants in operation in the country annually generate 1.83 BNm3 of biogas, and the sector is expanding since the national production capacity is 42.7 Bm3/year. This biogas generated through the biological process is an energy source that stands out due to the growing demand for technologies that offer clean energy. Renewable energy sources can ensure greater diversity in the world's energy matrix, in addition to reducing greenhouse gases emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Therefore, this review addresses the fundamentals of anaerobic digestion and co-digestion, the environmental impacts of biogas and biomethane, and Brazil's energy potential for biogas production. In addition, we discussed the biogas purification technologies, the applications of biomethane, and the current scenario and perspectives of Brazilian biogas involving government initiative policies, technical regulation, international panorama, and economic, environmental, and legislative aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary electrical grid aims to deliver safe and reliable energy to consumers. As technology advances and distributed generation (DG) becomes more prevalent, the distribution system grows increasingly complex and decentralized. The swift integration of renewable energy sources, driven by concerns about global warming and carbon emissions, adds to this complexity. Given the direct link between the distribution system and consumer needs, reliability is paramount. However, the current distribution system faces operational issues, necessitating a dependable, resilient power system devoid of interruptions and glitches. Distributed generation (DG), along with its grid integration, holds promise in significantly enhancing the reliability of the existing distribution system. This research studied a case study of distribution system reliability evaluation using solar PV in the system. Various instances were addressed, and we found that after implementing DG, system dependability increased. For the case study and analysis, data were taken from a solar photo-voltaic energy source linked to the Kigali national grid in the Rwanda bus system. The Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP 19) software is utilized for modeling and reliability analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]