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The assembly building M&E (Monitoring and Evaluation) system is a vital part of the transformation of China's construction industry, featuring intelligent control, high efficiency, and high safety. The article provides a comprehensive review of research related to assembly M&E systems from the perspective of the whole life cycle of assembly, containing 125 journal articles from 1993 to 2024. The article analyzes some policies with updated iterations in the United States, Japan, Germany, Denmark, France, and the European Union. The literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts identified significant constraints limiting the various stages of the entire life cycle of assembled MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) systems. The absence of uniform design standards, personnel collaboration, prefabricated component testing, transportation, information utilization, intelligent testing, and recycling of disassemblability that can occur in the entire life cycle of assembled MEP systems are summarized. Finally, the article suggests that assembly M&E systems can be shared and marketed to improve the economic viability of assembly M&E systems and their wide application in the areas of technology, platform, and demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assembly building M&E (Monitoring and Evaluation) system is a vital part of the transformation of China’s construction industry, featuring intelligent control, high efficiency, and high safety. The article provides a comprehensive review of research related to assembly M&E systems from the perspective of the whole life cycle of assembly, containing 125 journal articles from 1993 to 2024. The article analyzes some policies with updated iterations in the United States, Japan, Germany, Denmark, France, and the European Union. The literature review and semi-structured interviews with experts identified significant constraints limiting the various stages of the entire life cycle of assembled MEP (mechanical, electrical, and plumbing) systems. The absence of uniform design standards, personnel collaboration, prefabricated component testing, transportation, information utilization, intelligent testing, and recycling of disassemblability that can occur in the entire life cycle of assembled MEP systems are summarized. Finally, the article suggests that assembly M&E systems can be shared and marketed to improve the economic viability of assembly M&E systems and their wide application in the areas of technology, platform, and demand.

Rapid urbanization has promoted the development in human production and living standards, and the metabolic rhythm of metal resources has accelerated. Grasping the metabolic processes of metal resources and predicting their future development trends can help the country refine the formulation and adaptability of metal resource production and the recycling strategies for sustainable development. In this study, from the perspective of the entire life cycle of steel resources as an example, a system dynamics-based metal resource metabolism prediction model was established to predict the steel resources in the three stages, including production, in-use and end-of-life recycling. The trend in changes in steel resources production, in-use stock, end-of-life and recycling in mainland China from 1990 to 2020 were also analyzed. The results show that the volume of all stages of steel resource metabolism in mainland China from 1990 to 2020 has shown an increasing trend, and will reach a peak around 2040 and then remain stable. The steel resources in all the metabolism stages in mainland China were predominantly distributed in buildings. In mainland China, steel resource production efficiency reached above 0.9 and the steel resource outflow rate was 0.079, within which the domestic scrap rate reached 0.022 and the recycling rate reached above 0.8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to large number of doors used housing and construction products, the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint related to door manufacturing is an interesting topic. Timber and bamboo products can reduce GHG emission due to their biogenic carbon storage via photosynthesis. The scientific evidence on the climate impact using wood-based door (WBD) and bamboo-based door (BBD) to replace steel-based door (SBD) is limited. In this study, life cycle assessments for WBD, BBD, SBD were conducted to evaluate the carbon impacts of raw materials, production, transport, and end-of-life stages. The GHG footprint of WBD, BBD, and SBD ranged from 270.42 to 363.24, 285.31–398.31, and 983.8–986.76 kg CO 2 e/m3, respectively, indicating that the bio-based doors exhibited lower energy consumption and GHG emissions. The raw material stage (484.78–569.34 kg CO 2 e/m3) was identified as a major source of GHG emissions throughout the product life cycle, while hot-pressing and coating processes were identified as emission hotspots in the production stage. Regarding biogenic carbon storage, the use of bio-based materials instead of steel-based materials for fire door manufacturing significantly reduced emissions. Considering disposal methods, recycling and incineration should be prioritized over landfills. Future research should focus on field survey in raw material stage, along with conducting a technical and economic analysis. The results provide valuable guidance for selecting doors in China in term of biogenic carbon storage and resource protection. [Display omitted] • GHG footprint of WBD and BBD ranged from 270.42 to 398.31 kg CO 2 e/m3. • Risk-relevance in GHG emissions of fire doors can be assessed using risk fraction. • Bio-based solution is preferrable over steel-based materials for fire doors. • Recycling and incineration should be favored over landfills. • The most influential mitigation method and future research directions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years,the radio frequency identification(RFID)technology is widely used in the field of civil aviation airport transportation,but it is rarely used in the field of domestic civil aviation manufacturing and aircraft operation and maintenance,and lots of work are still carried out by original manual observation.Efficiency and accuracy can be greatly improved by using RFID technology reasonably. In this paper,a system using RFID technology applied to the life cycle maintenance and management of civil aircraft airborne equipment is proposed. The function and configuration of its key components are explained,and a routine maintenance task for cabin emergency equipment is adopted to verify the system. The results show that the system can realize the efficient maintenance and management of the entire life cycle of airborne equipment,and has a great application prospect.

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Owing to its key role in high-tech industry and clean energy technology, cobalt has been regarded as a critical material in many countries. In this paper, material flow analysis was used to quantitatively track cobalt material flows in China throughout the entire life cycle from 2000 to 2021. Based on data pertaining to cobalt commodity trade, cobalt loss during raw material processing, and recovered cobalt, we analysed the actual cobalt consumption in China. During the study period from 2000 to 2021, the main findings were as follows: (1) China's cobalt raw material imports accounted for 84.7% of the total raw materials acquired, while the export of cobalt-containing end products amounted to 32.6% of the total production. (2) China's cumulative net import of all cobalt commodities reached 561 kt, and battery products accounted for 73.3% of the total cobalt consumption. (3) China recovered 77 kt of cobalt from end-of-life products, while 327 kt of cobalt was not recovered. (4) The cumulative cobalt loss during raw material processing reached 288 kt, with the highest loss occurring in refining (51.0%), followed by manufacturing and fabrication (26.5%), beneficiation (12.3%), and ore mining (10.2%). The overall utilization efficiency of cobalt was 73.8% throughout the entire life cycle. (5) China's actual cobalt consumption reached 497 kt, accounting for 51.9% of the apparent cobalt consumption. Moreover, 61.1% of the cobalt products produced in China was consumed domestically, while 38.9% was exported. The massive export of cobalt commodities resulted in China bearing a disproportionate responsibility for carbon emission reduction. The research results can provide a scientific reference for the reasonable adjustment of the trade structure of cobalt commodities and realization of the economic and efficient utilization of cobalt resources in China. • The utilization efficiency of cobalt was 73.8% throughout the entire life cycle. • Cobalt raw material imports accounted for 84.7% of the total raw materials acquired. • Cumulative cobalt loss reached 288 kt, 51.0% of which occurred in the refining stage. • China's actual cobalt consumption was about 51.9% of the apparent cobalt consumption. • 61.1% of China's cobalt products was consumed domestically, while 38.9% was exported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]