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Resumen: Introducción: El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los niveles séricos y fecales de plomo en niños con distintos trastornos digestivos funcionales (TDF) en comparación con controles sanos. Pacientes y métodos: La muestra incluyó a 102 niños de 4-18 años con TDF definidos mediante los criterios de Roma IV y a 102 controles sanos emparejados por edad y sexo. Los niños con TDF se dividieron en 3 subgrupos: estreñimiento funcional (EF) (n = 36), dolor abdominal funcional (DAF) (n = 36) y náuseas funcionales (NF) (n = 30). Los niveles de plomo se midieron mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica. Resultados: El nivel de plomo en sangre (NPS) mediano fue significativamente mayor en niños con TDF en comparación con controles (5,12 vs. 1,77 μg/dl). Los NPS superaron los 5 μg/dl en el 51,9% del grupo TDF. Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los NPS entre el subgrupo con EF y los otros 2 subgrupos (DAF y NF) (p = 0,003 y p

Introduction: To investigate the blood lead levels (BLLs) and faecal lead levels (FLLs) in children with various functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) and compare them with controls. Patients and methods: One hundred and two children with FGIDs defined by the Rome IV criteria, aged 4–18 years, and one hundred and two sex matched healthy children were enrolled in the study. Children with FGIDs were divided into three subgroups as functional constipation (FC) (n = 36), functional abdominal pain (FAP) (n = 36) and functional nausea (FN) (n = 30). The lead levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer. Results: The median BLLs in the FGIDs group was significantly higher than in controls (5.12 and 1.77 µg/dL, respectively). The BLLs were above 5 µg/dL in 51,9% of children with FGIDs. There was statistically significant difference in BLLs between FC subgroup and the other subgroups (FAP and FN) (p = 0.003, p

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of prebiotic food consumption on sleep disturbance symptoms in children with and without asthma. Method: This is a case-control study. Data were collected from 55 children with asthma and 70 children without asthma, aged 6 to 12 years. Data collection included the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), Prebiotic Food Consumption Frequency Form, and Childhood Asthma Control Test. The asthma control level of children was determined by a pediatrician following the Global Initiative for Asthma's guidelines. Results: The average age of children with asthma was 9.16+-3.11, while for children without asthma, it was 9.39+-3.24. No significant differences were found between children with and without asthma in daytime napping, nighttime awakening, SDSC score, and daily prebiotic food consumption (p>0.05). It was observed that children with asthma used more prebiotic-enriched products than children without asthma (p0.05). Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between the SDSC score and prebiotic food consumption in children with and without asthma (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prebiotic food consumption's role in determining sleep disturbances and asthma control levels in children with asthma remains uncertain. Further research is needed on the use of prebiotics in children with asthma.

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels >2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p

AIM: To investigate the choroidal thickness and the microvascular network changes around the macula in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients at different stages and the relationship of those changes with risk factors, serum antibodies and the severity of TED. METHODS: A total of 85 participants were enrolled. All participants underwent ophthalmology and endocrinology examinations. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), superficial (s) and deep (d) foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, mean (m) and central (c) superficial vascular density (SVD), deep vascular density (DVD) measurements of the enrolled cases were performed with Topcon swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) DRI OCT Triton. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the associations between SFCT, FAZ area, SVD, DVD and the relevant factors of TED. RESULTS: Those with active TED patients had higher c-DVD and m-DVD levels (P