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Bevezetés: Fenyegető koraszülés esetén in utero transzport javasolt, ez azonban nem mindig lehetséges. A postnatalis transzport alatti ellátás jelentősen befolyásolja a szállított betegek kimenetelét. Célkitűzés: Tanulmányunk célja volt a betegek jellemzőinek, ellátásuk és a neonatalis kimenetel trendjeinek vizsgálata a 2008 és 2021 között postnatalis szállítást igénylő koraszülöttekben. Módszer: Retrospektív vizsgálatot végeztünk az írott és az elektronikus betegdokumentáció áttekintésével. A vizsgált trendeket „joinpoint” regressziós analízissel értékeltük, illetve éves százalékos változással (APC) jellemeztük. Eredmények: A vizsgálatba 177 koraszülöttet választottunk be. A szállítások száma nem szignifikáns növekvő trendet mutatott (APC = 6,8%, p = 0,087). A 60 percnél hosszabb helyszíni ellátások aránya szignifikánsan emelkedett (APC = 7,4%, p = 0,016). 2008 és 2010 között a gépi lélegeztetés alkalmazása a szállítások során emelkedett (APC = 36,4%, p = 0,578), majd a vizsgálati időszak hátralévő részében csökkenő tendenciát mutatott (APC = –7,2%, p = 0,068). A 40% feletti oxigénkoncentráció használata szignifikánsan csökkent (APC = –9,5%, p = 0,043). A 150 mg/kg-nál kisebb surfactantdózisok aránya szintén csökkenő tendenciát mutatott (APC = –7,65%, p = 0,162), míg a 180 mg/kg felettiek száma szignifikánsan emelkedett (APC = 8,5%, p = 0,031). Az újszülöttek hosszú távú kimeneti mutatói egyaránt javuló tendenciát mutattak. Megbeszélés: Vizsgálatunk során az ellátás noninvazivitás felé mutató trendjei mellett a szállított koraszülöttek javuló kimenetelét észleltük. Következtetés: Vizsgálatunk felgyorsíthatja a szállítás alatti ellátás folyamatban lévő szemléletváltását, elősegítheti a vonatkozó protokollok, illetve eljárásrendek fejlesztését, melyek együttesen javíthatják a tercier centrumon kívül született koraszülöttek életkilátásait. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(15): 571–576.

The role of the parents is crucial in the children's effective functioning, having a long-term effect on the physical, mental and social health of the individuals. Sense of coherence is one of the most important elements of mental health, having a significant effect on the various aspects of life. So do parental goal emphasis by setting the main directions for the children. The current survey aimed to study the impact of sense of coherence and the perceived parental goal emphasis for teenagers' anxiety disorder. 80 of these students (40 suffering from anxiety disorder and 40 normal individuals) were selected due to a questionnaire about anxiety and sampling method, considering the goal of the research. The sense of coherence questionnaire was filled by students' mothers, and to understand parents', the perceived parental goal emphasis questionnaire was filled by the students themselves. The results were calculated and analysed by a statistical program called SPSS (V.20) with MANOVA on the Dependent variables test. The results indicate that the sense of coherence was different in two groups of mothers and students than anxiety disorder and normal individuals. It shows that sense of coherence had a higher rate in normal students' mothers. Also, the orientation senses of parents and its component had a huge superiority over students with an anxiety disorder than normal.

A hátrányos helyzetű gyermekek vizsgálata kiemelt területként jelenik meg mind oktatásügyi, mind egészségügyi vonatkozásban. A hátrányos helyzetű fiatalok elutasítóbb tanulással kapcsolatos attitűdjeire, alacsonyabb tanulmányi eredményességére, valamint a nem-tanulmányi eredményességi mutatók, mint az egészség és a sport, negatívabb manifesztációjára már számos tanulmány rámutatott, azonban az elmúlt évek pandémiaspecifikus vizsgálata még kis teret kapott. A COVID–19 világjárványnak a fiatalok oktatására és társadalmi befogadására gyakorolt hatásáról már végeztek kutatásokat, amelyeket érdemes tovább bővíteni a vidéki területek és hátrányos helyzetű térségek fiataljainak vizsgálatával. Jelen kutatásban a távoktatással kapcsolatos attitűdök feltárására, valamint az ezekre ható faktorok vizsgálatára vállalkozunk egy hátrányos helyzetű mintán (N = 305). A kutatás résztvevői 7–8. osztályos tanulók, akik kifejezetten hátrányos helyzetű településeken folytatják tanulmányaikat. Kérdőívünkben a távolléti oktatással kapcsolatos attitűdöket egy magyar nyelvű 16 állításos mérőeszközzel mértük (Długosz, 2022 alapján), a hatótényezők mérése pedig a társadalmi háttérváltozók mellett a jóllétre, az észlelt stresszre, valamint a társas támaszra vonatkozó validált mérőeszközökkel, illetve a támogatásra és tanulmányi eredményességre vonatkozó önálló kérdésekkel történt meg. Az eredmények alapján a távolléti oktatással kapcsolatos attitűdök vonatkozásában négy faktor (tanulási problémák, csökkent egészségi állapot, időgazdálkodás és biztonság, a távoktatás-preferencia) válik elkülöníthetővé. A társadalmi háttér vonatkozásában a nem, a településtípus, a hátrányos helyzet, valamint az objektív anyagi státusz hatása mutatható ki a távoktatás-preferencia, valamint az egészségi állapot romlásával kapcsolatos percepció esetében. Az egészségmutatók tekintetében a tanárok által nyújtott támasz protektív, valamint a stresszmutatók hátráltató szerepe mutatható ki. A tanulmányi eredményességgel összefüggő változók szerepe nem mutatkozott jelentősnek. Összességében a távoktatással kapcsolatos attitűdökre ható faktorok részben követik a hagyományos oktatással kapcsolatos percepciókra ható faktorok trendjeit, azonban szükséges hangsúlyoznunk a pandémia krízis jellegének manifesztációját, amely olyan komponensek szerepét emeli ki, mint a társas támasz, bizonyos stresszkomponensek, vagy éppen a hátrányos helyzet maga. Ezeket a szegmenseket szükséges előtérbe helyezni, s egy esetleges hasonló krízishelyzetben kiemelt figyelemben részesíteni a prevenciós és intervenciós stratégiákat e faktorok előtérbe helyezésével.

Measuring health behaviour and supporting health development is getting more attendance in higher education. It is well-known that the influence of the environment where students study can affect every part of life including academic achievement, friendships, health awareness and behaviour etc. Thus, the effect of the higher educational institution is visible regarding social life and academic and non-academic achievement as well. Researches focusing on campus impact have stated that the effect of the higher education institution depends on the level of the student integration (Tinto, 1993; Astin, 1999; Pusztai, 2015). The integration of the students has educational and social dimensions which include intergenerational and intragenerational relationships in connection with the higher educational institute (Tinto, 1993). Intragenerational network reflects on the relationships with peers while intergenerational network includes relationships with university staff. Previous researches claim that student-faculty relationship is supportive regarding their attrition and academic achievement (Pascarella &Terenzini, 2005; Pusztai, 2015) and their health-protective behaviour including sporting habits (Pusztai et al., 2017). Having a close relationship with instructors can motivate students to engage in the life of the university or the faculty. They are usually more involved in programs organised by the institute where they learn including academic and non-academic programs. In our previous research, we found that close relationships with instructors have a weakening effect on students’ (elite) sport motivation, as these relationships are likely to lead students in a different direction, typically towards the worlds of science and culture (Kovács et al., 2022)., This document is part of the Book of Abstracts of the ReMO 2023 Conference that was organized within the framework of COST Action CA19117 - "Researcher Mental Health".

The vision of society can be influenced by the values young people hold regarding their way of life and physical well-being. Today, we are experiencing a crisis of these value preferences (Perényi, 2010). The aim of our study is to examine the effect of transferred sports values on the lifestyles of physically active and inactive students in light of the role of everyday physical education. In our research, 1521 students of the University of Debrecen and Nyíregyháza filled out the online questionnaire. Two-variable analyses and a multivariate principal component analysis were used, and the data were processed using SPSS. Regarding the relationship between sports activity and value orientation, the students included in the sample mostly focused on the “open” or post-material value dimension representing individual autonomy. This is in agreement with previous research data (Kovács, 2013; Perényi, 2010). Since this is a complex mechanism of action, we are unable to show causal relationships in our analysis. However, with regard to our research sample, it can be said that in the period since the introduction of everyday physical education, it has not yet had a demonstrable role in the physical activity and value system of students. Thus, promotion of an active lifestyle will, in the future, be critical in the lives of everyone. It will also prove essential in shaping the physical condition and mental well-being of the future’s society, not to mention it will help save the national economy. The first step in this process is the actual participating in physical education.

A recenzió Nogel Mónika 2020 őszén „A szakértői bizonyítás aktuális kérdései” címmel megjelent kötetét mutatja be. Az ismertető a szerző gondolatmenetéből elsősorban azt az ívet emeli ki, melyben a hiteltérdemlőség fogalmával és a tudományos-szakmai megalapozottság kritériumrendszerének megalkotásával állítja helyre az igazságügyi szakértők tevékenységébe vetett bizalmat.

Nowadays, the investigation of mental health is a popular and important topic. Several national and international researchers have been trying to discover the different mechanisms, effects and efficacy among healthy people and patients diagnosed with chronic diseases. It is particularly important to monitor this phenomenon in childhood and adolescence regularly. The developmental processes are further hampered by the physical, mental, social and spiritual development due to the different illnesses. Therefore, it is clear that mapping mental health and various therapeutic procedures, as well as their positive and negative effects, are of paramount importance in diabetes and obesity.In this research, after analysing the scales of ten international questionnaires, a complex Diabetes Adherence Questionnaire with 58 statements was created, the characteristics and subscales of which (1. Self-management; 2. Emotional feedback - emotional reactions associated with blood sugar level measurement; 3. Social support - parents and family; 4. Social support - peer relationships; 5. Denial of the disease; 6. Positive consequences of adherence; 7. Negative consequences of adherence, pain, discomfort, burden; 8. Relationship with the medical team; 9. Concern about the future) are described in the present book chapter. We also introduce our latest research findings on the relationship between adherence and mental health, covering selfevaluated health and quality of life, satisfaction with life, subjective well-being, vision and depression, stating that positive variables show a positive while negative variables correlate negatively with adherence.

Ruxandra Trandafoiu: The Politics of Migration and Diaspora in Eastern Europe. Media, Public Discourse and Policy. Routledge, 2022.

A 2010-es évek óta létrejövő modern szabadkereskedelmi egyezményekben a kölcsönösen előnyös cserén túl a nem vámjellegű akadályok eltörléséhez köthető témák is megjelennek. A jelen tanulmányban a szerző ezeket a tartalmi elemeket ismerteti. Először bemutatja a kereskedelmi kapcsolatok változása mentén feltárt stilizált tényeket, majd az általa kiválasztott megállapodásokban található szakpolitikai területekbe nyújt betekintést. Végül röviden beszámol a tartalmi elemekhez fűződő veszélyforrásokról is.

Special education practice allows for the educational principles of parental involvement, pointing to a common dialogue on health issues and general well-being. Special education professionals primarily empower the families of children with atypical development by relying on the organizational factors of individual support and services. The decision-making/partnering factors of the educational and general health processes, on the other hand, receive less attention. The present study aims to explore the place of the parent–school relationship within the framework of a special educational institution in Romania. Involving Hungarian special education teachers (N = 12) from Romania, we analyze the school involvement of the parents of students with special educational needs in Bihor County, Romania, concerning their children’s academic achievement and well-being. The qualitative research data were recorded through semistructured interviews and were organized through deductive categorization, as well as being analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti. The results highlighted the essential elements of the parent–school relationship, e.g., communication practices, active inclusion programs, support services, and peer acceptance plans. We believe it is important to emphasize that, in the study, families frequently better understood their child’s situation and health-related issues and advocated more effectively for the recognition of their rights. However, as an active player in everyday education, the teacher can better organize development activities for the child’s specific needs and plan complex habilitation/rehabilitation. To sum up, a parent–educator team approach can result in more successful educational and health outcomes, as well as a more accepting social image in the cognitive, emotional, and social development fields.

Contains fulltext : 289792.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Background: Medical residents work long, continuous hours. Working in conditions of extreme fatigue has adverse effects on the quality and safety of care, and on residents' quality of life. Many countries have attempted to regulate residents’ work hours. Objectives: We aimed to review residents' work hours regulations in different countries with an emphasis on night shifts Methods Standardized qualitative data on residents’ working hours were collected with the assistance of experts from 14 high-income countries through a questionnaire. An international comparative analysis was performed. Results: All countries reviewed limit the weekly working hours; North-American countries limit to 60-80 hours, European countries limit to 48 hours. In most countries, residents work 24 or 26 consecutive hours, but the number of long overnight shifts varies- ranging from two to ten. Many European countries face difficulties in complying with the weekly hour limit and allow opt-out contracts to exceed it. Conclusions: In the countries analyzed residents still work long hours. Attempts to limit the shift length or the weekly working hours resulted in modest improvements in residents’ quality of life with mixed effects on quality of care and residents' education. 9 p.

Economic actors, in their interactions with each other, certainly make decisions which are able to improve their original situation. In the case of free trade agreements, tariffs have the effect to manipulate countries’ trade and welfare. In this paper, we try to estimate the impacts of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) on the profit level of participating countries in the context of the Cournot duopoly model. More specifically, we elaborate the most traded product (MTP) and determine the profit levels in the equilibrium regarding two scenarios (pre and post situations of the TTIP). The findings suggest that the Cournot model seems suitable since it illustrates the possible options and provides a guideline for the decision-making process. Based on the model, it can be shown at which point the highest benefit can be achieved for the participating economies (EU, US) i.e. how long it is worth for the parties to apply additional automotive tariffs.

Ivona Kollárová pozsonyi könyvtörténész a cenzúra történetének egyik legelismertebb kutatója ezen könyvét egy korábbi munkája folytatásának szánta, amely 2013-ban jelent meg Slobodný vydavatel’ – myslianci čitatel’: Typografické médium v jozefinskej dobe [Szabad kiadó, gondolkodó olvasó, A tipográfia-médium a József-korszakban] címmel. Ebben a könyvkiadás és a nyomdászat történetét mutatta be II. József évtizedes uralkodása idején (erről ld. Pavercsik Ilona recenzióját, Magyar Könyvszemle, 132(2016), 107–109). Ebben az időben a könyvkiadás rendkívüli fejlődésnek indult, köszönhetően a császár reformjainak, amelyek erősebb centralizálás mellett több lehetőséget adtak a szabad versenynek, mint a korábbi, privilégiumokon alapuló rendszer. Ennek hatására az egyes nyomdák kiadványai között egyre nagyobb számban jelentek meg a könnyen eladható és széles körben terjeszthető kisebb, olcsóbb kiadványok, mint a pamfletek, röpiratok, brosúrák és ponyvakiadványok.

Health-related behaviours and attitudes acquired in childhood significantly shape health behaviours in adulthood and play an important role in preventing children from becoming overweight. Interventions incorporating parental involvement can provide outstanding support in shaping a child's health-related behaviour. However, parental involvement has not been investigated from the perspective of efficacy except for obesity. Therefore, this systematic review investigates school-based physical activity intervention programmes incorporating parental involvement. We aim to explore the impact of these programmes and the parental involvement they provide on behaviours that influence child health, which are essential for preventing children and adults from becoming overweight and promoting health-conscious lifestyles.This systematic literature review follows PRISMA guidelines. The EBSCO Discovery Service Search Engine was used for searching for literature. Papers included met the following inclusion criteria: (1) reported original, empirical research or systematic review published in a peer-reviewed journal; (2) primary or secondary school age (6-18 years) as the target population; (3) examined school-based sport or health prevention and intervention programs; (4) only healthy children and youth in the indicated age group; (5) school-based prevention or intervention program; (6) examines parental involvement; (7) in the English language, and (8) in disciplines of education, psychology, social work, sociology, social sciences and humanities.An extremely limited number of interventions of sufficient quality address the role of parental involvement (The impact of parental involvement on children's health behaviour, especially physical activity and nutrition, as two of the most important factors in preventing them from becoming overweight, are unclear, and other correlations, e.g., academic achievement, are scarce.

Regular physical activity from an early age is an important part of a healthy life because if we incorporate exercise early into our lifestyle, we are more likely to maintain our commitment to sport into adulthood and even throughout our lives. In our research, we used the PERSIST 2019 database, which contains data from students at higher education institutions in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, and Serbia. We used factor analysis to isolate four sports motivation factors (intrinsic, introjected, extrinsic, and amotivation). Factors influencing the different types were measured using linear regression analysis, involving the variables in four models. The results show that the effects of the sociodemographic variables are significant for gender, country, and mother’s job, especially in terms of intrinsic, introjected, and extrinsic motivation. The role of coping is salient for health awareness factors, with a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on the other types. The impacts of quality of education and support are typically negative, while the positive effect of satisfaction with infrastructure is noteworthy. The effect of persistence in sport on intrinsic and introjected motivation is positive. Frequency of training increases intrinsic motivation, while practical sport embeddedness generates extrinsic motivation. In terms of relationships, a mainly teacher-oriented network within the institution typically has a negative effect on intrinsic motivation, while peer relationships outside the institution typically increase intrinsic and extrinsic sport motivation. Academic persistence has a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on introjected motivation. Our research highlights the complexity of factors influencing sport motivation and the role of coping, which typically remains strong when relationship-related variables are included. In addition, we must emphasise the dominant role of relationship network patterns, which may even reduce commitment to sport.

Regular physical activity from an early age is an important part of a healthy life because if we incorporate exercise early into our lifestyle, we are more likely to maintain our commitment to sport into adulthood and even throughout our lives. In our research, we used the PERSIST 2019 database, which contains data from students at higher education institutions in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, and Serbia. We used factor analysis to isolate four sports motivation factors (intrinsic, introjected, extrinsic, and amotivation). Factors influencing the different types were measured using linear regression analysis, involving the variables in four models. The results show that the effects of the sociodemographic variables are significant for gender, country, and mother's job, especially in terms of intrinsic, introjected, and extrinsic motivation. The role of coping is salient for health awareness factors, with a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on the other types. The impacts of quality of education and support are typically negative, while the positive effect of satisfaction with infrastructure is noteworthy. The effect of persistence in sport on intrinsic and introjected motivation is positive. Frequency of training increases intrinsic motivation, while practical sport embeddedness generates extrinsic motivation. In terms of relationships, a mainly teacher-oriented network within the institution typically has a negative effect on intrinsic motivation, while peer relationships outside the institution typically increase intrinsic and extrinsic sport motivation. Academic persistence has a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on introjected motivation. Our research highlights the complexity of factors influencing sport motivation and the role of coping, which typically remains strong when relationship-related variables are included. In addition, we must emphasise the dominant role of relationship network patterns, which may even reduce commitment to sport.

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As part of global trade, the emergence of free trade agreements has resulted in the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers over the past seventy years. The major trade actors (European Union, United States, and China) have become economic rivals, which make them compete in confrontational or cooperative ways for greater benefits and welfare. This paper discusses three free trade agreements between the US‒EU‒China: the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP), EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI), and the Economic And Trade Agreement Between The Government Of The United States Of America And The Government Of The People’s Republic Of China (ETA). The author’s contribution is the creation of alternative scenarios to analyse the effects of these treaties on profit from a game theoretical approach. The results of this model suggest that cooperation generates greater economic benefits in each situation compared to competitive strategy. At the same time, players’ welfare cannot be identified with profit in all cases.

The pandemic caused a new digital scheme of work to be implemented in higher educational institutes to avoid physical contact, which is referred to as emergency remote teaching in the literature (Hodges, Moore, Lockee, Trust, & Bond, 2020). The inevitable consequence of emergency remote teaching (later on ERT) was that the students’ inter-and extra organisational relationships decreased significantly (Pusztai & Győri, 2021). Based on the results of previous studies, we know that the lack of student relationships is strongly related to ineffectiveness (Astin, 1993; Pusztai, 2015; Tinto, 1975), which was also identified during the period of ERT (Pusztai & Győri, 2021). In the current study, firstly, we hypothesised that the students’ social interactions, which were accomplished by video gaming, could compensate for isolation (Pisan, 2007) and improve their effectiveness. Secondly, we hypothesised that video gaming might prove ineffective due to stressful and uncertain periods as well as avoidance of activity. In our study, we applied database analysis (Learning Alone database, N = 677) and half-structured interviews (N = 19). In the quantitative sample, we identified that increased gaming time (compared to the time spent before the pandemic) was related to persistence reduction, whereas similar results were obtained with the reduced playing time. In addition, the interview participants reinforced that they used video gaming as a tool to maintain their relationships during ERT, and they tended to do so in their relationships with other students as well. Thus it can be said that video gaming is an extracurricular activity that could affect academic effectiveness positively and negatively at the same time.

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