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Water Pollution Abatement (WPA) plays a pivotal part in ensuring water safety, but the key to developing WPA technology is a small number of high-value patents. This paper proposes an improved multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method integrating machine learning, which is applied to patent evaluation for the first time to effectively distinguish between patents of different categories of competitive potential, aiming to deepen the value understanding of the WPA industry technology. In this method, the set of reference points in AHPSort II is improved by integrating machine learning from the equidistant to automatic searching, and the original linear interpolation is modified by the curvilinear interpolation of cubic polynomial, which is more in line with the characteristics of patent data and improves the accuracy of the estimates. As an example, the 135 patents granted by the USA in WPA technology are presented: 5 patents at the T 1 level, 87 patents at the T 2 level, and the remaining 43 T 3 level patents were identified by this method. Finally, through analyzing these T 1 high-value patents, the inspirations for the development of WPA technology in China are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The deformation behavior of a radially forged 2A50 aluminum alloy was investigated by thermal compression test at high-temperature solid (300–500 °C) and semi-solid (565–585 °C) states with strain rates of 0.01–0.5 s–1. A strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive equation was established to describe the relationship between flow stress and compression parameters. The inhomogeneous deformation and microstructure evolution of the specimen were explored. Results reveal that the strain-compensated Arrhenius model can accurately predict experimental flow stress in both two temperature states. In the high-temperature solid state, the equilibrium between the softening effect (dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization) and work hardening leads to a steady stage of the flow curves after peak. In the semi-solid temperature, the softening mechanisms mainly include the high level of dynamic recrystallization (DRX), lubrication of liquid phases, and partial collapse of solid-phase skeleton, contributing to a declining stage of flow stress after peak. Strain and temperature profoundly influence DRX. At high-temperature solid state, coarse and elongated grains predominate in the regions with small strain, whereas DRX and numerous subgrains massively occur in the regions with large strain. The entire sample compressed in semi-solid temperature is subjected to DRX, attributed to the elevated temperature compared to the high-temperature solid state. Fine DRX grains are concentrated at the center of the large deformation zone (with large strain) due to the frequent DRX. Elevating semi-solid temperature leads to the formation of large equiaxed grains. DRX facilitates the weakening of deformed textures, demonstrated by the presence of deformed textures (<111> and <100>//X0 fiber textures, <111>//Z0 fiber texture, and {110}<111> texture) in the sample at high-temperature solid state, contrasted with the absence of pronounced preferred orientation in semi-solid compressed sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) provide a new strategy to enable direct biomass-to-electricity conversion, posing considerable demand on sequential enzymes. However, artificial blend of multi-enzyme systems often suffer biocatalytic inefficiency due to the rambling mixture of catalytic units. In an attempt to construct a high-performance starch/O 2 EBFC, herein we prepared a starch-oxidizing bioanode based on displaying a sequential enzyme system of glucoamylase (GA) and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) on E.coli cell surfaces in a precise way using cohesin-dockerin interactions. The enzyme stoichiometry was optimized, with GA&GDH (3:1)- E.coli exhibiting the highest catalytic reaction rate. The bioanode employed polymerized methylene blue (polyMB) to collect electrons from the oxidation of NADH into NAD+, which jointly oxidized starch together with co-displayed GA and GDH. The bioanode was oxygen-insensitive, which can be combined with a laccase based biocathode, resulting in a membranless starch/O 2 EBFC in a non-compartmentalized configuration. The optimal EBFC exhibited an open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.74 V, a maximum power density of 30.1 ± 2.8 μW cm−2, and good operational stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]