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Taking aquatic processing waste as the main experimental object, to explore the effect of different treatment conditions on the humification process in the acid-hydrothermal reaction process, through the analysis of the hydrothermal process of pH value, organic matter and humus content, humification rate, and infrared spectrum analysis verification to speculate the formation mechanism of humus. The results show that hydrothermal treatment can promote the formation of humus to a certain extent. Under the working conditions of 195℃ and 80min, the humus content of aquatic wastes reaches 78.1% and the humification rate reaches 0.35. In addition, within a certain treatment intensity, the hydrothermal humification intensity will increase with the increase of reaction time and temperature. Under the same working conditions mentioned above, adding a certain amount of inorganic acid for hydrothermal treatment, the humus content is slightly higher than that of the group without acid. The humification rate reaches 0.45, which is 0.3 times higher than that of the group without acid. It shows that hydrothermal treatment can promote the formation of humus to a certain extent. Compared with prolonging the reaction time, the increase of temperature has a more obvious effect on the increase of humification rate.