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Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is primarily driven by allogeneic donor T cells associated with an altered composition of the host gut microbiome and its metabolites. The severity of aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is not solely determined by the host and donor characteristics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we decoded the immune cell atlas of 12 patients who underwent allo-HSCT: six with aGVHD and six with non-aGVHD. We performed a fecal microbiota (16SrRNA sequencing) analysis to investigate the fecal bacterial composition of 82 patients: 30 with aGVHD and 52 with non-aGVHD. Fecal samples from these patients were analyzed for bile acid metabolism. Through multi-omic analysis, we identified a feedback loop involving "immune cell-gut microbes-bile acid metabolites" contributing to heightened immune responses in patients with aGVHD. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disruption of bile acid metabolism contributed to an exaggerated interleukin-1 mediated immune response. Our findings suggest that resistin and defensins are crucial in mitigating against aGVHD. Therefore, a comprehensive multi-omic atlas incorporating immune cells, gut microbes, and bile acid metabolites was developed in this study and used to propose novel, non-immunosuppressive approaches to prevent aGVHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a novel tick-borne viral pathogen that causes severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). The disease was initially reported in central and eastern China, then later in Japan and South Korea, with a mortality rate of 13–30%. Currently, no vaccines or effective therapeutics are available for SFTS treatment. In this study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the SFTSV envelope glycoprotein Gn were obtained using the hybridoma technique. Two mAbs recognized linear epitopes and did not neutralize SFTSV, while the mAb 40C10 can effectively neutralized SFTSV of different genotypes and also the SFTSV-related Guertu virus (GTV) and Heartland virus (HRTV) by targeting a spatial epitope of Gn. Additionally, the mAb 40C10 showed therapeutic effect in mice infected with different genotypes of SFTSV strains against death by preventing the development of lesions and by promoting virus clearance in tissues. The therapeutic effect could still be observed in mice infected with SFTSV which were administered with mAb 40C10 after infection even up to 4 days. These findings enhance our understanding of SFTSV immunogenicity and provide valuable information for designing detection methods and strategies targeting SFTSV antigens. The neutralizing mAb 40C10 possesses the potential to be further developed as a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against SFTSV and SFTSV-related viruses. Author summary: Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne pathogen that causes severe illness known as SFTS. This disease has become a major health concern, particularly in China, Japan and South Korea, with a high mortality rate. Regrettably, there are currently no vaccines or effective treatments available for this disease. To address this critical gap, we developed three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting a specific region of the SFTSV glycoprotein. Among these mAbs, one, named 40C10, exhibited remarkable neutralizing activity against SFTSV as well as related viruses such as HRTV and GTV. It provided complete protection against disease and death in mice even when administered days after viral exposure. These findings are promising and suggest that mAb 40C10 has potential as a therapeutic option against SFTSV. This work is a significant step towards meeting the urgent need for effective treatments for SFTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study translated the Positive and Negative Social Exchange (PANSE) scale into Chinese, examined its psychometric characteristics, and explored its feasibility for use among older adults with disabilities from China. A two-stage study procedure was employed. In the first stage, the English version of the PANSE scale was translated and cross-culturally adapted. In the second stage, the reliability and validity of the scale were assessed based on item-total correlation, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, concurrent criterion validity, and known group validity. A total of 357 older adults with disabilities participated in the survey. The Chinese version of the PANSE scale consisted of two parts, the Positive Social Exchange Scale and the Negative Social Exchange Scale. Exploratory factor analysis extracted six communal factors. The cumulative contribution of the two parts of the scale was 69.90% and 77.88%, respectively. The item-total correlation was 0.353 to 0.802, the internal consistency of the PANSE was 0.653 to 0.886. The PANSE demonstrated good content validity and it was correlated with the SSRS scale. The Chinese version of the PANSE is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing social exchange in Chinese older adults with disabilities. Despite the growing number of older adults with disabilities being a concern in China, the lack of tools to measure the type of social support limits research related to the health status of these people. This study cross-culturally adapted, translated into Chinese and validated the Positive and Negative Social Exchange (PANSE) scale as the measurement tool to be used in the cultural context of China. The two subscales of PANSE were validated in the Chinese population of older adults with disabilities. The PANSE scale measures social exchange among older adults with disabilities in China, which can guide the development of interventions to address issues in the social exchange of these people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the change and associated factors of care needs within 6 months post‐discharge in older people with hospital‐associated disability, and the relationship between time‐varying care needs and physical function. Background: Older people with hospital‐associated disability will have various care needs post‐discharge. Understanding their care needs will help to improve their health. However, studies on this population are still limited. Design: A longitudinal study. Methods: The older people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected in 2 tertiary hospitals in Zhejiang Province, China. The questionnaire survey method was used to collect data about socio‐demographic characteristics, physical function and care needs. The data of 375 older people who completed follow‐up were analysed using logistic regression analysis, generalised estimating equations and generalised additive mixed model. We followed STROBE checklist for reporting the study. Results: The care needs of the older people with hospital‐associated disability declined unevenly, it decreased rapidly in the first three months, and then flattening out. The percentage of people with care needs in each dimension decreased over time, but daily care and rehabilitation needs were consistently more important. Socio‐demographic factors and physical function had different effects on need at different time points, the physical function was the main factor among them. There were non‐linear relationships between the physical function and different care needs with different inflection points. Conclusion: This research revealed change patterns of the care needs of older people with hospital‐associated disability post‐discharge and the non‐linear relationship between physical function and care needs. These findings may help healthcare professionals and caregivers to provide accurate care. Relevance to clinical practice: The findings can be used to identify effective approaches to address the care needs of older people with hospital‐associated disability based on the time of discharge, in conjunction with age, education, and especially physical function, which will promote the justify allocation of nursing resources. What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was to explore a photoelectric magnifier assessing nasal injury in preterm infants receiving non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment, and to describe the occurrence status and risk factors of nasal injuries. A prospective observational study. and setting: Preterm infants admitted from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between October 2018 and October 2019. A continuously convenient sample of 127 preterm infants was included. When the infants were receiving NIV treatment, nursing staff checked nasal skin and mucosa daily with a photoelectric magnifier to confirm whether nasal injuries occurred. Meanwhile, a self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data. The Chi-square test, t -test, univariate and multiple logistic regression model were applied. A total of 127 preterm infants received 175 times NIV therapy, showing that the incidence of nasal injuries (infants number) was 27.6% (35/127) and the incidence of nasal injuries (ventilation cases) was 21.1% (37/175). Of the 37 cases of nasal injuries, 27 cases were I stage, while Ⅱ stage, Ⅲ stage and mucosa injuries appeared 2 cases, 2 cases and 6 cases. In the multivariate logistic analysis, nasal mask interface and NIV treatment more than seven days were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of nasal injuries. The premature infants who received nasal NIV treatment were susceptible to nasal injuries, and clinical nurse capable of identifying risk factors and inintervening should be strengthened to prevent the occurrence and progression. • Our study applied a photoelectric magnifier to nasal examination, an innovation in assessment method. • Our study attempted to explore possible factors for nasal injuries in premature infants, thereby forming the basis for early detection and development of care practices to prevent them and/or reduce their severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activation of a carbon‐fluorine bond is one of the most challenging topics in modern synthetic organic chemistry due to their low reactivity compared to other carbon‐halogen bonds. In this review, we present the recent developments since 2015 on cross‐coupling reactions that form C−C bonds via cleavage of C(sp2)−F bonds. Not only the conventional activation of C(sp2)−F bonds, but also decarbonylative or carbonyl‐retentive cleavage of C(acyl)−F bonds will be introduced. This paper mainly describes new protocols for the formation of C(sp2)−C(sp3), C(sp2)−C(sp2), and C(sp2)−C(sp) bonds via transition‐metal‐catalyzed cleavage of C(sp2)−F bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel-catalyzed decarbonylative alkynylation of acyl fluorides with terminal silylethynes under copper-free conditions is described. This newly developed method has a wide substrate scope, affording internal silylethynes in moderate to high yields. The formation of 1,3-diynes as homocoupled products and conjugate enones as carbonyl-retentive products were effectively suppressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recreating the natural heart's mechanical and electrical environment is crucial for engineering functional cardiac tissue and repairing infarcted myocardium in vivo. In this study, multimaterial-printed serpentine microarchitectures are presented with synergistic mechanical/piezoelectric stimulation, incorporating polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers for mechanical support, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfibers for piezoelectric stimulation, and magnetic PCL/Fe 3 O 4 for controlled deformation via an external magnet. Rat cardiomyocytes in piezoelectric constructs, subjected to dynamic mechanical stimulation, exhibit advanced maturation, featuring superior sarcomeric structures, improved calcium transients, and upregulated maturation genes compared to non-piezoelectric constructs. Furthermore, these engineered piezoelectric cardiac constructs demonstrate significant structural and functional repair of infarcted myocardium, as evidenced by enhanced ejection and shortening fraction, reduced fibrosis and inflammation, and increased angiogenesis. The findings underscore the therapeutic potential of piezoelectric cardiac constructs for myocardial infarction therapy., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

A novel TT-type resonator was proposed for the first time, to our knowledge, to realize differential photoacoustic (PA) detection for trace gas measurement. The special design of the TT-type resonator allows us to install the microphone at the resonant center of the acoustic field to maximize the use of the absorption-induced PA signal. To meet the requirement of low gas consumption and easy integration, the TT-type resonator-based PA cell was fabricated as a fiber-coupled module with an inner volume of only 1.1 ml. For validation, the TT-type PA cell was integrated to a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system for acetylene detection. As a result, a linearity of 0.99999 was achieved in a concentration range from 0 to 5000 ppm with a noise equivalent sensitivity of 101 ppb. The proposed TT-type resonator contributes a new style of PA cell structure to the field of PAS gas detection, combining the advantages of easy integration, low gas consumption, differential detection, and photoacoustic enhancement together.

Background: Cerebral stroke (CS) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. In addition to effective treatment, nursing intervention plays a pivotal role in the rehabilitation of CS patients., Objective: This study aims to assess the impact of meticulous care integrated with risk management on rehabilitating cerebral stroke patients. The objective is to provide valuable clinical insights for the management of CS patients., Methods: A comparative observational study was conducted, including a total of 180 CS patients admitted between February 2020 and February 2022 were selected for this study. Among them, 98 patients received meticulous care combined with risk management (research group), while 82 patients underwent routine nursing intervention (control group). We analyzed the changes in the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment scale, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale, Activities of Daily Living scale, and Barthel Index before and after the care interventions. Additionally, we documented nursing risk events during treatment, assessed nursing quality scores, and conducted a quality-of-life survey after a one-year follow-up., Results: The research group exhibited significantly higher post-care scores in the Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment, Activities of Daily Living, and Barthel Index, along with lower National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores, compared to the control group (P < .05). Furthermore, the research group experienced a lower incidence of nursing risk events and demonstrated higher nursing quality (P < .05). During the prognostic follow-up, the research group displayed a superior quality of life compared to the control group (P < .05)., Conclusions: Meticulous care integrated with risk management enhances the recovery of CS patients and is strongly recommended for clinical implementation.

In addition to the atmospheric measurement, detection of dissolved carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in a water region is also an important aspect of greenhouse gas monitoring, such as CH 4 and CO 2 . The first step of measuring dissolved gases is the separation process of water and gases. However, slow degassing efficiency is a big challenge which requires the gas detection technology itself with low gas consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a good choice with advantages of high sensitivity, low gas consumption, and zero background, which has been rapidly developed in recent years and is expected to be applied in the field of dissolved gas detection. In this study, a miniaturized differential photoacoustic cell with a volume of 7.9 mL is designed for CH 4 and CO 2 detection, and a dual differential method with four microphones is proposed to enhance the photoacoustic signal. What we believe to be a new method increases photoacoustic signal by 4 times and improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) over 10 times compared with the conventional single-microphone mode. Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers at 1651 nm and 2004nm are employed to construct the PAS system for CH 4 and CO 2 detection respectively. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and 2 nd harmonic demodulation techniques are applied to further improve the SNR. As a result, sensitivity of 0.44 ppm and 7.39 ppm for CH 4 and CO 2 are achieved respectively with an integration time of 10 s. Allan deviation analysis indicates that the sensitivity can be further improved to 42 ppb (NNEA=4.7×10 -10 cm -1 WHz -1/2 ) for CH 4 and 0.86 ppm (NNEA=5.3×10 -10 cm -1 WHz -1/2 ) for CO 2 when the integration time is extended to 1000 s.

The activation of a carbon-fluorine bond is one of the most challenging topics in modern synthetic organic chemistry due to their low reactivity compared to other carbon-halogen bonds. In this review, we present the recent developments since 2015 on cross-coupling reactions that form C-C bonds via cleavage of C(sp 2 )-F bonds. Not only the conventional activation of C(sp 2 )-F bonds, but also decarbonylative or carbonyl-retentive cleavage of C(acyl)-F bonds will be introduced. This paper mainly describes new protocols for the formation of C(sp 2 )-C(sp 3 ), C(sp 2 )-C(sp 2 ), and C(sp 2 )-C(sp) bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed cleavage of C(sp 2 )-F bonds., (© 2021 The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH GmbH.)