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Relative pupillary afferent disorder (RAPD) plays a crucial role in diagnosing optic nerve dysfunction. This paper introduces an innovative equipment design with a high-speed pupil detection algorithm and a binocular independent stimulation optical path. The proposed algorithm utilizes the grayscale characteristics of the pupil region to achieve rapid and accurate pupil detection and tracking. Initially, a pupil threshold is estimated using eigenvalues, enabling the calculation of the pupil centroid. Subsequently, leveraging the unique characteristics of the pupil region, a dynamic tracking algorithm, a second-order partial derivative threshold algorithm, and a pupil diameter extraction algorithm are employed to precisely locate the centroid. By incorporating a binocular independent stimulus light path design, the algorithm overcomes limitations associated with the current measurement equipment. The experimental results demonstrate the algorithm's high robustness and fast detection speed, meeting the tracking speed requirement of 1250 frames per second for a single eye. These advancements have the potential to significantly enhance the diagnosis and assessment of optic nerve dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although we point out a link between tourism management strategies and tree mortality, other factors, such as natural ecological differences (e.g. in climate, soil quality, and tree use by other species) and primate group sizes should be considered in future research. The results show that dead trees can be used as an indicator in risk monitoring at primate ecotourism sites and that tree mortality is lower at sites with science-based tourism management. Keywords: dead trees; risk monitoring; tourism EN dead trees risk monitoring tourism 103 105 3 03/29/23 20230201 NES 230201 Primate ecotourism has become an important conservation tool. [Extracted from the article]