13 results on '"Fulghum, David A."'
Search Results
2. Multituberculate Mammals Show Evidence of a Life History Strategy Similar to That of Placentals, Not Marsupials.
- Author
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Weaver, Lucas N., Fulghum, Henry Z., Grossnickle, David M., Brightly, William H., Kulik, Zoe T., Wilson Mantilla, Gregory P., and Whitney, Megan R.
- Subjects
LIFE history theory ,MARSUPIALS ,BIOLOGICAL fitness ,MAMMALS ,FOSSILS - Abstract
The remarkable evolutionary success of placental mammals has been partly attributed to their reproductive strategy of prolonged gestation and birthing of relatively precocial, quickly weaned neonates. Although this strategy was conventionally considered derived relative to that of marsupials with highly altricial neonates and long lactation periods, mounting evidence has challenged this view. Until now the fossil record has been relatively silent on this debate, but here we find that proportions of different bone tissue microstructures in the femoral cortices of small extant marsupials and placentals correlate with length of lactation period, allowing us to apply this histological correlate of reproductive strategies to Late Cretaceous and Paleocene members of Multituberculata, an extinct mammalian clade that is phylogenetically stemward of Theria. Multituberculate bone histology closely resembles that of placentals, suggesting that they had similar life history strategies. A stem-therian clade exhibiting evidence of placental-like life histories supports the hypothesis that intense maternal-fetal contact characteristic of placentals is ancestral for therians. Alternatively, multituberculates and placentals may have independently evolved prolonged gestation and abbreviated lactation periods. Our results challenge the hypothesis that the rise of placental mammals was driven by unique life history innovations and shed new light on early mammalian diversification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. From Nuclear Weapons to Global Security: 75 Years of Research and Development at Sandia National Laboratories
- Author
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Justin Quinn Olmstead, Leland Johnson, Justin Quinn Olmstead, and Leland Johnson
- Subjects
- Security, International, Research, Industrial--United States--History, Nuclear engineering--Research--United States--History
- Abstract
Sandia National Laboratories is one of the primary providers of the science, technology, and engineering capabilities needed to ensure both US and global security. Its mandate has moved far beyond its original weapons-centered mission—the development of nuclear weapons—and now encompasses complex economic, energy, environmental, and nonprofileration issues. From Nuclear Weapons to Global Security chronicles the history of Sandia, from its origins during World War II to its current multifaceted role at the forefront of innovation.
- Published
- 2024
4. Research Handbook on Cyberwarfare
- Author
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Tim Stevens, Joe Devanny, Tim Stevens, and Joe Devanny
- Subjects
- Cyberspace operations (Military science), Cyberterrorism
- Abstract
This Research Handbook provides a rigorous analysis of cyberwarfare, a widely misunderstood field of contemporary conflict and geopolitical competition. Gathering insights from leading scholars and practitioners, it examines the actors involved in cyberwarfare, their objectives and strategies, and scrutinises the impact of cyberwarfare in a world dependent on connectivity.The Research Handbook on Cyberwarfare interrogates cyberwarfare as a form of military intelligence statecraft that seeks to exploit digital systems for operational and strategic advantage. Chapter authors address cyberwarfare in its conceptual, historical, operational and strategic dimensions, and explore the application of international law, norms, ethics and arms control to this area of conflict. They pose crucial questions about the utility of cyberwarfare and its effects on society and citizens, establishing foundations for future research on the topic as a fact of international life.Providing rich detail in an accessible and understandable manner, this Research Handbook is a vital resource for scholars and researchers of cyber conflict, international relations, and security studies. Its practical elements will also appeal to military and intelligence practitioners, as well as those interested in how cyberwarfare can be regulated to ameliorate its effects on society.
- Published
- 2024
5. Rethinking Cyber Warfare : The International Relations of Digital Disruption
- Author
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R. David Edelman and R. David Edelman
- Subjects
- Humanitarian law, Information warfare (International law), Cyberspace operations (International law), Self-defense (International law), Aggression (International law)
- Abstract
Fifteen years into the era of “cyber warfare,” are we any closer to understanding the role a major cyberattack would play in international relations - or to preventing one? Uniquely spanning disciplines and enriched by the insights of a leading practitioner, Rethinking Cyber Warfare provides a fresh understanding of the role that digital disruption plays in contemporary international security. Focusing on the critical phenomenon of major cyberattacks against wired societies, the book reconsiders central tenets that shaped global powers'policies and explains what forces in the international system might durably restrain their use. Arming the reader with the key technological and historical context to make sense of cyberattacks, it explores how deterrence, international law, and normative taboos operate today to shape whether and how states think about causing this kind of disruption - and how soon those forces might combine to rethink those decisions entirely. The result is a comprehensive look at one of the most pressing issues in international security that also illuminates a new pathway for managing one of its greatest sources of instability.
- Published
- 2024
6. Bao Ninh's Contribution to Vietnamese and World Literature : 'The Sorrow of War' and His Short Stories
- Author
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Cao Kim Lan, Ooi Gin, Cao Kim Lan, and Ooi Gin
- Abstract
Bao Ninh's Contribution to Vietnamese and World Literature analyzes and presents the works of Bao Ninh, the most well-known writer in modern Vietnamese literature. His works are renowned both in Vietnam and worldwide and his novel The Sorrow of War, which has been translated into more than 15 languages, is considered to be one of the classic works of war literature.This book by two award-winning scholars, one in war literature and the other in war history, presents for the first time an overall assessment of Bao Ninh's works, notably of his celebrated novel and his short stories. It outlines his life, setting it in the context of war-torn Vietnam whence he was a teenage soldier at the age of 17 in the North Vietnamese People's Army (NVPA); highlights the main themes of the corpus of his writings, inter alia of suffering and trauma of war impacts of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of veterans, of the futility of war; discusses his approach to writing; compares his writings with others in war literature; and examines and assesses his especial place in world literature. This pioneering monograph of the scholarly evaluation of Bao Ninh himself and his works further engages in the discourse of his contribution to modern Vietnamese literature and world literature. Encouraging a better understanding of wars and conflicts, the book will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of modern Asian history, in particular the Vietnam War, Southeast Asian Studies, and Vietnamese and World literature.
- Published
- 2024
7. The Collaborative Fight : Pursuing Jointness in the US Military
- Author
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Paul R. Birch, Lina M. Svedin, Paul R. Birch, and Lina M. Svedin
- Subjects
- Unified operations (Military science)
- Abstract
The beautiful picture of brothers in arms vanquishing a tyrant. The power of a well-orchestrated army and navy winning historic battles. Overwhelming military might and ability through teamwork. This is how the US military services portray themselves to the public and to their own service members through official doctrine. However, under the veneer of jointness, deeply fraught processes are at play. Frequently, the services think more about protecting organizational turf than about national security and maintaining an advantage against the United States'external adversaries. Uniting US military services is a difficult endeavor that becomes even more so the farther from a battlefield and the higher up the command structure the unifying needs to happen.In The Collaborative Fight, Paul R. Birch and Lina M. Svedin examine cases of institutional jointness among US military services from the late nineteenth century into the twenty-first century. They draw actionable conclusions for practitioners in the defense establishment while giving examples of successful joint cooperation that overcame the difficulties inherent in pursuing it. Even the successful cases that Birch and Svedin discuss show that the US military services face bureaucratic incentives and organizational leadership issues that make battlefield cooperation less than ideal.Birch and Svedin adeptly translate theory and history into approaches useful to practitioners in the field while examining the theoretical framework outlining the drivers in joint military cooperation.
- Published
- 2024
8. Law, Ethics and Emerging Military Technologies : Confronting Disruptive Innovation
- Author
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George Lucas and George Lucas
- Subjects
- War--Technological innovations, War (International law), War--Moral and ethical aspects
- Abstract
This book addresses issues of legal and moral governance arising in the development, deployment, and eventual uses of emerging technologies in military operations. Proverbial wisdom has it that law and morality always lag behind technological innovation. Hence, the book aims to identify, enumerate, and constructively address the problems of adequate governance for the development, deployment, and eventual uses of military technologies that have been newly introduced into military operations or which will be available in the near future. Proposals for modifications in governance, the book argues, closely track the anxieties of many critics of these technologies to the extent that they will proliferate, prove destructive in unanticipated ways, and partially or wholly escape regulation under current treaties and regulatory regimes. In addition to such concerns in domestic and especially in international law, the book addresses ethical norms in the professions involved in the design and eventual use of specific technologies, principally involving the professional norms of practice in engineering and the military (as well as biomedical and health care practice), which impose moral obligations on their members to avoid reckless endangerment or criminal negligence in the course of their activities. Thus, in addition to exploring the application of existing legal regimes and moral norms, the book examines how these professions might develop or improve the voluntary constraints on forms of malfeasance that are enshrined in their histories and codes of best practices. This book should prove of great interest to students of ethics, military studies, philosophy of war and peace, law, and international relations.
- Published
- 2023
9. Nachrichtendienste in der Weltgesellschaft : Systemtheoretische Perspektiven
- Author
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Jan Helmig and Jan Helmig
- Subjects
- Security, International, Terrorism, Political violence, Political science, International relations
- Abstract
Nachrichtendienstforschung ist, vor allem in Deutschland, häufig stark geschichts- oder praxisorientiert ausgerichtet. Gesellschaftstheoretische Arbeiten zu Nachrichtendiensten sind Mangelware. Das Buch adressiert diese Lücke unter Rückgriff auf systemtheoretische Herangehensweisen. Diese erlauben eine theoretisch fundierte Betrachtung grundlegender Inhalte von Nachrichtenwesen wie Geheimnissen, den Umgang mit Unsicherheit oder bestimmten nachrichtendienstlichen Funktionen für die Politik. Dadurch werden einerseits neue theoretische Perspektiven für die „Intelligence Studies“ eröffnet und andererseits der Anschluss an aktuelle Diskussionen der Internationalen Beziehungen und der Internationalen Politischen Soziologie ermöglicht.
- Published
- 2022
10. The Supersonic Bone : A Development and Operational History of the B-1 Bomber
- Author
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Kenneth Katz and Kenneth Katz
- Subjects
- Rockwell B-1 (Bomber)--History
- Abstract
“This profusely illustrated and thoroughly researched book conveys a wealth of information” about the USAF's B-1 bomber (Aviation History Magazine). When the B-52 Stratofortress entered operational service with the US Air Force in 1955, work was already underway on defining its successor. The B-70 Valkyrie, a Mach 3 jet bomber, was one option. Although two XB-70A prototypes flew, the B-70 never went into production. Out of the subsequent Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft program came the B-1A bomber, which flew at high speed and low altitude to evade enemy air defenses. But the B-1A was cancelled in favor of fitting the B-52 with cruise missiles. The B-1, known as the BONE, was revived in 1981 as the improved B-1B to boost American military power and serve as a symbol of American strength at the peak of Cold War tensions. The B-1B entered service in 1986 with several deficiencies. The resolution of most of these issues coincided with the end of the Cold War. After the Cold War, the B-1B lost its primary nuclear mission but remained relevant by transforming into a high-speed, long-range, high-payload delivery platform for conventional precision-guided munitions. The first combat use of the B-1B was in 1998 in Iraq. The BONE has proved a highly effective combat aircraft in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Syria, and the former Yugoslavia. This extensively illustrated book traces the BONE's long development and operational history in detail. “A must-read book... a great reference for historians, pilots, engineers, and even policy makers. Both the writing and photos are excellent.” —Air & Space Power History
- Published
- 2022
11. Tomcats and Eagles : The Development of the F-14 and F-15 in the Cold War
- Author
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Tal Tovy and Tal Tovy
- Subjects
- Air power--History--20th century, Tomcat (Jet fighter plane)--History, Eagle (Jet fighter plane)--History, Cold War
- Abstract
During the first half of the 1970s, two new fighter aircraft entered operational service in the United States: The Navy's Grumman F-14 Tomcat and the Air Force's McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle. These two aircraft were part of the backbone of the tactical air power of the United States; their introduction was accompanied by comprehensive reforms in pilot training as well as new technologies and weapon systems. In addition to the tactical significance of the two aircraft as innovative fighting platforms, however, their development and deployment should be viewed within a broad geopolitical and geostrategic context. Tovy explains how the F-14 Tomcat and the F-15 Eagle were an integral part of the aerial component of the conventional arms race within the Cold War. He argues that the trend of Soviet advanced weapon systems development created a perception of threat to the United States, challenging its conventional military power. Tomcats and Eagles explores how the Vietnam War accelerated the need for advanced fighter-interceptors, and that the lessons learned from aerial combat in Vietnam had a significant impact on the design and operational characteristics of the F-15. The author reveals that after F-14s were sold to Iran and F-15s to Israel in the second half of the 1970s, these jets were integrated into their armed forces, leading to Israel's use of the F-15 during the First Lebanese War. Finally, the author provides an in-depth look at the operation of the F-14 and F-15 in U.S. actions in Southeast Asia, beginning with the Tanker Wars in the mid-1980s, through Operation Desert Storm and Operation Enduring Freedom, and ending with Operation Iraqi Freedom.
- Published
- 2022
12. Tanks in the Easter Offensive 1972 : The Vietnam War's Great Conventional Clash
- Author
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William E. Hiestand and William E. Hiestand
- Subjects
- Easter Offensive, 1972, Vietnam War, 1961-1975--Tank warfare
- Abstract
This study explains how the armies of North and South Vietnam, newly equipped with the most modern Soviet and US tanks and weaponry, fought the decisive armored battles of the Easter Offensive.Wearied by years of fighting against Viet Cong guerillas and North Vietnamese regulars, the United States had almost completely withdrawn its forces from Vietnam by early 1972. Determined to halt the expansion and improvement of South Vietnamese forces under the U.S. “Vietnamization” program, North Vietnam launched a major fourteen-division attack in March 1972 against the South that became known as the “Easter Offensive.” Hanoi's assault was spearheaded by 1,200 tanks and was counteracted on the opposite side by Saigon's newly equipped armored force using U.S. medium tanks. The result was ferocious fighting between major Cold War-era U.S. and Soviet tanks and mechanized equipment, pitting M-48 medium and M-41 light tanks against their T- 54 and PT-76 rivals in a variety of combat environments ranging from dense jungle to urban terrain. Both sides employed cutting-edge weaponry for the first time, including the U.S. TOW and Soviet 9M14 Malyutk wire-guided anti-tank missiles.This volume examines the tanks, armored forces and weapons that clashed in this little-known campaign in detail, using after-action reports from the battlefield and other primary sources to analyze the technical and organizational factors that shaped the outcome. Despite the ARVN's defensive success in October 1972, North Vietnam massively expanded its armor forces over the next two years while U.S. support waned. This imbalance with key strategic misjudgments by the South Vietnamese President led to the stunning defeat of the South in 1975 when T54 tanks crashed through the fence surrounding the Presidential palace and took Saigon on 30 April 1975.
- Published
- 2022
13. The Sky Above : An Astronaut’s Memoir of Adventure, Persistence, and Faith
- Author
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Casper, John H. and Casper, John H.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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