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There is a consensus that numeracy is important for students to develop logical thinking and reasoning strategies in their everyday activities. As a result, teachers are encouraged to design numeracy rich tasks that incorporate real-life contexts across non-mathematics curriculum areas. However, it is not clear what types of knowledge teachers require to design such tasks. In this study, the authors used the stepwise generalization method and developed a framework for the knowledge required by teachers to design numeracy rich tasks across non-mathematics curriculum areas. The study begins with a brief introduction to numeracy and its definition in various contexts. The nature of knowledge required to design numeracy rich tasks (mathematics content knowledge, a non-mathematics curriculum area knowledge, activity design skills and knowledge of context)) are further described. In the later section of the study, each element of teacher knowledge and the framework to design numeracy rich tasks across non-mathematics curriculum areas are described. The knowledge framework developed in this study can be used to analyze teachers designed numeracy-rich tasks and identify their professional learning requirements.

The challenge addressed in this study is how the effectiveness of Padlet, Panopto video-embedded quizzes and Google Docs can be evaluated in terms of student engagement. Using a range of data sources, we discussed whether each technology influenced various dimensions of student engagement. The study found that certain technologies improved students' behavioral and cognitive engagement and they provided students with flexible opportunities for social, collaborative and emotional engagement. By enhancing the online opportunities for behavioral, cognitive and interpersonal engagement, specific technologies helped engage students with what and how they were learning. It concludes with further recommendations aimed toward the intentional use of technology for improving students' online learning engagement.

In this study, we examine children's National Assessment Program--Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) achievement predictors, which may enable or limit their numeracy performance and assess the relative importance of the predictor variables. Our data source was the NAPLAN numeracy results of Queensland schools from 2014 to 2017. Years 3 and 5 children's NAPLAN numeracy scores were analysed using a hierarchical multiple regression model. We examined eight variables grouped into four themes to determine their predictive value for children's numeracy performance in NAPLAN. Findings from this study indicate that parent's educational level, parent's occupation and indigenous status variables accounted for 10-11% of the total variance, while geolocation and sector type contributed an additional 0.2-0.4% of the variance. Gender and language background other than English (LBOTE) contributed 0.1-0.4% of the variance. These results were consistent across levels (Years 3 and 5) and test years (2014-2017). When these predictors were controlled, the influence of parent's post-school education and LBOTE status were less and non-significant. Previous NAPLAN numeracy results for Year 5 children were found to be very large in its predictive value (R[superscript 2] = 0.50). The implications of these results for teachers, parents and researchers are described.

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), including intelligent machines, are opening new possibilities to support teaching and learning in higher education. This research has found a 'proof of concept' in the application of machine learning in the assessment of educators' use of four key microskills, drawn from an internationally established framework. The analysis of teaching videos where these microskills were demonstrated multiple times in front of a green screen or in a space formed the data set. Multiple videos of this nature were recorded to allow for increased analysis and deconstruction of the video components to enable the application of machine learning. The results showed how AI can be used to support the collaborative and reflective practice of educators in a time when online teaching has become the norm. Having achieved a 'proof of concept', this research has laid the groundwork to allow for the whole framework of ten microskills to be applied in this way thus adding a new dimension to its use. Providing such critical information that is not currently available in such a systematic and personalised way to educators in the higher education sector can also support the validity of formative assessment practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology literacy, attitude, efficacy, and online engagement are important for effective teaching in a contemporary world. This study examines the connections between pre-service teachers’ (PST) self-assessed digital technology literacy, attitudes, self-efficacy, and engagement in online learning. It also explores how these aspects relate to their gender, age, and learning mode. A total of 110 first year PSTs responded to an online survey consisting of Likert scale questions and demographic information. These PSTs can access various study options, including online, on-campus, and a mixture of both. First, a series of one-way analyses of variance was conducted to evaluate the relationship between age range, gender, mode of study and the different constructs. Next, Post Hoc tests were conducted to evaluate pairwise differences among the significant means. The study found significant differences in PSTs’ digital literacy based on gender, attitude, and engagement in online learning. It suggests that teacher education should adopt tailored strategies to address these technology skill gaps. Personalised support for PSTs could improve their digital literacy and confidence in using technology for teaching. The implications for course and programme design in teacher education are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilised students' online engagement, digital technology attitude, digital literacy, and self-efficacy theories to develop and test a model connecting these factors within a regional university in Australia. A field survey collected data from 110 first-year students. AMOS 28 was employed for measurement and structural model path analysis. The study initially examined the impact of students' attitudes and digital literacy on their self-efficacy. Subsequently, the effects of self-efficacy on five dimensions of online engagement were assessed: social, collaborative, cognitive, behavioural, and emotional. The findings indicated that positive student attitudes and digital literacy significantly contributed to self-efficacy, which, in turn, positively affected the engagement dimensions. This suggests that when designing and facilitating online, blended, or technology-enhanced courses in higher education, educators should pay attention to various elements of engagement. The study highlights the importance of considering students' attitudes and digital literacy in fostering self-efficacy and enhancing online learning engagements. Further research and implications for future studies are also recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]