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The effectiveness of using borate (borax) and fluoride (sodium fluoride) fluxes in the sintering of crystalline (sand) and amorphous (diatomite) silicate raw materials was considered. The change in the density and appearance of samples with varying amounts of fluxes during their heat treatment at different temperatures was described. It was shown that the introduction of 4 wt.% of borax reduces the temperature necessary to reach a density of 1500 kg/m3 by 100°C, and 6 wt.% of borax by 200°C. It was shown that the introduction of fluxes increases the amount of x-ray amorphous glass phase due to depolymerization of the silicon-oxygen network and the formation of a low-temperature melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main trends in the production of foam glass materials were considered. The basic principles of physicochemical interaction of glass components with the pore-forming agent were described. The general tendencies in gas release during the heat treatment of foam glass batch mixtures using the compounds most commonly used as pore-forming agents (carbonates, carbon, silicon carbide) were revealed. Critical analysis of known studies was given. It revealed differences and inaccuracies in the descriptions of gas release reactions and showed the lack of justification for the choice of a particular pore-forming agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid-phase porophores are shown to hold promise in the synthesis of foam glass. The dynamics of the change in the size of glass particles in the process of obtaining the charge was studied. It is shown that additional comminution of the particles of the glass powder occurs on mixing. The influence of the charge mixing time on the structure of the foam glass was studied. It was established that the density of the resulting foam glass is directly proportional to the charge mixing time. The changes occurring in the material structure in association with the processes involved in the distribution of the liquid pore-forming mixture on the particles of glass powder during mixing and subsequent changes in the dynamics of the thermal destruction of glycerin are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]