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Artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education (HE) has great potential to transform the way teaching and learning takes place in these institutions. AI can improve teaching efficiency and provide a personalised learning experience for each student. It also raises challenges and concerns, such as the possibility of algorithmic bias and teacher substitution. AI is changing the role of the teacher in HE, they can focus more on tutoring and individualised support for their students, and less on repetitive teaching and assessment tasks. Regarding developments in the use of AI in HE, there has been an increase in the incorporation of AI in HE institutions in recent years, including chatbots, virtual assistants, intelligent tutorials and data analytics to improve the efficiency of teaching and learning. It is concluded that AI has the potential to improve HE, but it is important to address its challenges and concerns, and to ensure that it is used ethically and effectively to help students reach their full potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Meta: Avaliação is the property of Revista Meta: Avaliacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The prognosis of relapsed B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is poor and few patients can be successfully rescued with conventional therapies. Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO), an antibody against the CD22 antigen linked to calicheamicin, has been approved as a rescue treatment in relapsed/refractory (R/R) B‐ALL. Patients and Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, multicenter study of adult patients included in the Spanish program of compassionate use of IO in centers from the PETHEMA group (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología). Results: Thirty‐four patients with a median age of 43 years (range, 19–73) were included. Twenty patients (59%) were refractory to the last treatment, IO treatment was given as ≥3rd salvage treatment in 25 patients (73%) and 20 patients (59%) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation before IO treatment. After a median of 2 cycles of IO, 64% of patients achieved complete response (CR)/complete response with incomplete recovery. The median response duration, progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS) were 4.7 (95%CI, 2.4–7.0 months), 3.5 (95%CI, 1.0–5.0 months) and 4 months (95%CI, 1.9–6.1 months) respectively, with better OS for patients with relapsed B‐ALL versus refractory disease (10.4 vs. 2.5 months, respectively) (p =.01). There was a trend for better OS for patients with first CR duration >12 months (7.2 months [95%CI, 3.2–11.2] vs. 3 months [95% CI, 1.8–4.2] respectively) (p =.054). There was no sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) event during IO treatment, but three patients (9%) developed grade 3–4 SOS during alloHSCT after IO treatment. Conclusions: Our study showed slightly inferior outcomes of the pivotal trial probably due to poorer risk factors and late onset of IO therapy of recruited patients. Our results support early use of IO in relapsed/refractory ALL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that the clinical and biologic characteristics of adult patients with BL and BLL were similar to those of patients from the BL-IPI cohort. Consequently, the BL-IPI was validated in our series of patients with BL and BLL. Keywords: Burkitt lymphoma; prognosis; International Prognostic Index; validation EN Burkitt lymphoma prognosis International Prognostic Index validation 1993 1996 4 08/22/22 20220801 NES 220801 Chemoimmunotherapy including rituximab and high-dose or infusional chemotherapy constitute the standard treatment for patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) or Burkitt's lymphoma and leukemia (BLL) [[1], [3]]. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: The prognosis of t(1;19)(q23;p13)/transcription factor 3‐pre‐B‐cell leukaemia homeobox 1 (TCF3‐PBX1) in adolescent and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treated with measurable residual disease (MRD)‐oriented trials remains controversial. In the present study, we analysed the outcome of adolescent and adult patients with t(1;19)(q23;p13) enrolled in paediatric‐inspired trials. The patients with TCF3‐PBX1 showed similar MRD clearance and did not have different survival compared with other B‐cell precursor ALL patients. However, patients with TCF3‐PBX1 had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of relapse, especially among patients aged ≥35 years carrying additional cytogenetic alterations. These patients might benefit from additional/intensified therapy (e.g. immunotherapy in first complete remission with or without subsequent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite high complete remission (CR) rates with frontline therapy, relapses are frequent in adults with T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) with limited salvage options. We analyzed the outcomes and prognostic factors for CR to salvage therapy and overall survival (OS) of patients with R/R T‐ALL included in two prospective measurable residual disease‐oriented trials. Seventy‐five patients (70 relapsed, 5 refractory) were identified. Relapses occurred in bone marrow, isolated or combined in 50 patients, and in the central nervous system (CNS; isolated or combined) in 20. Second CR was attained in 30/75 patients (40%). Treatment with FLAG‐Ida and isolated CNS relapse were independently associated with a higher CR rate after first salvage therapy. The median OS was 6.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.9–8.6) months, with a 4‐year OS probability of 18% (95% CI, 9%–27%). No differences in survival were observed according to the treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients in CR after first salvage therapy. Multivariable analysis showed a ≥12‐month interval between first CR and relapse, CR after first salvage therapy and isolated CNS relapse as favorable prognostic factors for OS with hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) of 1.931 (1.109–3.362), 2.958 (1.640–5.334), and 2.976 (1.157–7.655), respectively. This study confirms the poor outcomes of adults with R/R T‐ALL among whom FLAG‐Ida was the best of the rescue therapies evaluated. Late relapse, CR after first rescue therapy and isolated CNS relapse showed prognostic impact on survival. More effective rescue therapies are needed in adults with R/R T‐ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of F@ro: Revista Teórica del Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicación y de la Información is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To design and validate an instrument to assess the perceived risk of contracting COVID-19 in the Colombian population. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional observational study of psychometric type with a sample of 2350 people between 16 and 65 years of age. The dimensions and items were proposed based the review of previous studies on the evaluation of risk perception of disease and disasters, by integrating the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization regarding self-protection measures and biosecurity protocols to avoid COVID-19 transmission. The validation process was carried out in two stages; the first stage included a review by expert judges who evaluated the clarity, sufficiency, and relevance of each item in relation to the variable and its dimension; in the second stage we carried out a confirmatory factor analysis and estimated internal consistency with the Cronbach’s Alpha (α) and McDonald’s omega (ω) indexes. Results. The designed instrument had adequate psychometric properties to evaluate the risk perception of contracting COVID-19 (α=0.924), with four dimensions: cognitive vulnerability (α=0.873), emotional vulnerability (α=0.882), severity (α=0.893) and risk-protective behaviors (α=0.941). Conclusions. These findings show that the instrument to evaluate the risk perception of contracting COVID-19 (PCR-CV19) is a valid and reliable tool to assess contagion risk perception and can be adapted to different population groups and contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic information has been crucial to understand the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) at diagnosis and at relapse, but still nowadays has a limited value in a clinical context. Few genetic markers are associated with the outcome of T-ALL patients, independently of measurable residual disease (MRD) status after therapy. In addition, the prognostic relevance of genetic features may be modulated by the specific treatment used. We analyzed the genetic profile of 145 T-ALL patients by targeted deep sequencing. Genomic information was integrated with the clinicalbiological and survival data of a subset of 116 adult patients enrolled in two consecutive MRD-oriented trials of the Spanish PETHEMA (Programa Español de Tratamientos en Hematología) group. Genetic analysis revealed a mutational profile defined by DNMT3A/ N/KRAS/ MSH2/ U2AF1 gene mutations that identified refractory/resistant patients. Mutations in the DMNT3A gene were also found in the non-leukemic cell fraction of patients with T-ALL, revealing a possible mutational-driven clonal hematopoiesis event to prime T-ALL in elderly. The prognostic impact of this adverse genetic profile was independent of MRD status on day +35 of induction therapy. The combined worse-outcome genetic signature and MRD on day +35 allowed risk stratification of T-ALL into standard or high-risk groups with significantly different 5- year overall survival (OS) of 52% (95% confidence interval: 37-67) and 17% (95% confidence interval: 1-33), respectively. These results confirm the relevance of the tumor genetic profile in predicting patient outcome in adult T-ALL and highlight the need for novel gene-targeted chemotherapeutic schedules to improve the OS of poor-prognosis T-ALL patients.