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Ovaj rad upućuje na aspekte važne za stomatološku praksu, posebice u radu s pacijentima koji imaju neki oblik intelektulanih ili razvojnih poteškoća.

Umor može biti simptom psihičkih ali i tjelesnih bolesti te je stoga važan interdisciplinarni pristup u liječenju bolesnika.

Uvod: Pojam anksioznosti podrazumijeva stanje prekomjernog osjećaja straha i brige. COVID-19 pandemija utjecala je na svakodnevni život ljudi te promijenila njihov raniji način života. Osjećaj straha od oboljenja te utjecaj mišljenja okoline doveo je do socijalne izolacije, a čovjeku kao društvenom biću potrebno je druženje kako bi simptome anksioznosti sagledao realnije te time imao i bolju kvalitetu života. Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost anksioznih poremećaja i u hitnoj psihijatrijskoj ambulanti pri Klinici za psihijatriju KBC Rijeka tijekom pred pandemijske 2019. i pandemijske 2021. godine. Ispitanici: Istraživanje obuhvatilo je bolesnike koji su radi anksioznih smetnji potražili pomoć u hitnoj psihijatrijskoj ambulanti pri Klinici za psihijatriju KBC Rijeka u periodu od 1.1.2019. do 31.12.2019. godine te u periodu od 1.1.2021. do 31.12.2021. godine. Metode: U retrospektivnom istraživanju putem Integriranog bolničkog informacijskog sustava (IBIS) prikupljeni su podaci za bolesnike iz dijagnostičke skupine F40-F48 neurotski i somatoformni poremećaji i poremećaji izazvani stresom (MKB-10). Uz dijagnozu i učestalost ambulantnih pregleda u hitnoj psihijatrijskoj ambulanti prikupljeni su i sociodemografski podatci o dobi, spolu i radnom statusu ispitanika. Rezultati: Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je u 2021. godini bilo manje obavljenih pregleda u odnosu na 2019. godinu, da je anksioznost više prisutna kod žena nego kod muškaraca te da se broj pregleda nije značajno promijenio u odnosu na zaposlenje i dob. Zaključak: U pandemijskoj 2021. godini došlo do pada broja pregleda u odnosu na predpandemijsku 2019. godinu. Osobe koje se javljaju s anksioznim smetnjama statistički značajno su češće žene u pandemijskoj 2021.godini u odnosu na predpandemijsku 2019. godinu.

Širenje virusa i stopa infekcije virusom COVID-19 je podjednako u svim spolovima i dobnim skupinama, no teža klinička slika i stopa smrtnih ishoda je daleko najveća kod osoba starije životne dobi. Korisnici domova za starije obično su visoke životne dobi, s većim invaliditetom i kognitivnim oštećenjima od ljudi usporedive dobi koji žive u zajednici te mogu imati mnoge druge popratne bolesti koje pridonose njihovom oslanjanju na druge za njihovu skrb, što ih čini iznimno rizičnom skupinom. Iako su provedene mnoge mjere s ciljem zaštite istih, dostupna literatura dokazuje da sama pandemija ima mnoge negativne utjecaje na svakodnevno funkcioniranje, fizičko i mentalno zdravlje korisnika domova za starije.

Suvremeno doba obilježava porast konzumacije novih ili dizajnerskih droga (engl. „designer drugs“), a ova skupina uključuje sintetske katinone, sintetske kanabinoide, droge za silovanje i tvari slilčne fentanilu. Zlouporaba i inotksikacija novim drogama se manifestira širokom varijabilnošću kliničke slike, što otežava dijagnostiku i pravovremeni terapijski pristup. Nove droge nemaju antidote te je liječenje fokusirano na simptomatsko saniranje stanja pacijenta. Zabrinjavajuća je rastuća incidencija konzumacije novih droga kod mladih te je stoga potrebna edukacija svih starosnih skupina o pojavnosti, rizicima i nuspojavama novih droga., In the last year there is a growing number of people using new drugs or designer drugs. This group of drugs includes synthetic cathinones, synthetic canabinoids, rape drugs and fentanyl analogues. Abuse of and intoxication with these drugs present with various clinical manifestation, what makes clinical diagnosis and quick therapeutical approach difficult. New drugs do not have antidotes, thus the therapeutical approach for intoxication is based on the symptomatic treatment. It is worrying that there is a growing incidence of new drugs abuse among young people, therefore it is important to work on the education about the risks and side effects of this new emerging group of drugs.

Transkulturalna psihijatrija u najužem smislu proučava odnos sociokulturalnih procesa i pojavu mentalnih bolesti tj. pročava se učestalost prisutnih određenih čimbenika i pojave bolesti. Počinje se razvijati u 19. stoljeću u Njemačkoj te nakon Drugog svjetskog rata zbog velikih stradanja zauzima važan dio poslijeratne psihološke rekonstrukcije. Kultura, kao sastavni dio svakog pojedinca, oblikuje identitet i standarde ponašanja te se mogu uočiti razlike kada se procjenjuje mentalno zdravlje između pojedinaca iz različitih kultura ili etničkih skupina. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi razlikuju li se stavovi studenata sestrinstva s obzirom na dob, spol, završeno prethodno srednjoškolsko obrazovanje i način studiranja. Provedeno je online istraživanje u kojem je sudjelovalo 140 studenata preddiplomskog stručng studija Sestrinstva na Fakultetu zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci. Sukladno rezultatima dolazimo da zaključka da ispitanici ženskog spola imaju pozitivnije stavove o transkulutralnoj psihijatriji u odnosu na ispitanike muškog spola. Svi dobni razredi imaju umjereno pozitivne stavove kao i u odnosu na prethodno završeno srednjoškolsko obrazovanje i godinu studija. S obzirom na vrstu studiranja (redovan i izvanredan smjer) zaključujemo da redovni studenti imaju pozitivnije stavove o transkulturalnoj psihijatriji u odnosu na izvanredne studente., In the narrowest sense, transcultural psychiatry studies the relationship between sociocultural processes and the occurrence of mental illnesses, i.e. the frequency of the presence of certain factors and the occurrence of illnesses is studied. It began to develop in the 19th century in Germany, and after the Second World War, due to great suffering, it occupied an important part of the post-war psychological reconstruction. Culture, as an integral part of every individual, shapes identity and behavioral standards, and differences can be observed when assessing mental health between individuals from different cultures or ethnic groups. The aim of this paper is to determine whether the attitudes of nursing students differ with regard to age, gender, completed previous high school education and method of study. An online survey was conducted in which 140 students of the undergraduate professional study of Nursing at the Faculty of Health Studies in Rijeka participated. According to the results, we conclude that female respondents have positive attitudes about transcultural psychiatry compared to male respondents. All age groups have moderately positive attitudes, as well as in relation to previously completed high school education and year of study. Considering the type of study (full-time and part-time course), we conclude that full-time students have positive attitudes about transcultural psychiatry compared to part-time students.

Uvod: Jedna od karakteristika suvremenog društva jest porast seksualne aktivnosti među učenicima. Naglo povećanje seksualne aktivnosti među učenicima oba spola i ranija dob pri ulasku u seksualne kontakte izlaže ih različitim rizicima, od neplanirane trudnoće do spolno prenosivih bolesti. Cilj istraživanja: U radu je analizirana seksualnost, seksualno ponašanje te kontracepcija. U tom smislu istraživački cilj rada bio je ispitati seksualno ponašanje te korištenje kontracepcije kod učenika trećih razreda. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici istraživanja su učenici trećih razreda Medicinske škole Pula i Tehničke škole Pula. Glavni instrument istraživanja je anketni upitnik „Seksualno ponašanje“. Anketni upitnik se sastoji od dvije sekcije pitanja. Prva sekcija pitanja su socio-demografska pitanja, a druga sekcija pitanja odnosi se na pitanja o samoj temi istraživanja. Rezultati: Ukazuju na spoznaju kako se ipak više od polovice ispitanika nije upustilo u seksualne odnose. Ispitanici koji su stupilli u spolne odnose u većini koriste zaštitu. Najveći broj ispitanika do sad nije imao spolne odnose, a od učenika koji su imali spolne odnose N=43 (41,35%), značajno najveći broj ih je imao više od 5 puta N=31 (72,09%). Učenici smatraju da postoji 40% vjerojatnosti da će se oni sami zaraziti od spolno prenosivih bolesti tijekom spolnog odnosa, dok značajno veću vjerojatnost pridaju zarazi spolnim odnosom kod drugih. Zaključak: Učenici trećih razreda uglavnom koriste zaštitu kod spolnih odnosa. Većina učenika trećih razreda je do sada imala spolni odnos od jednom do pet puta. Učenici 3. razreda svjesni su vjerojatnosti zaraze spolnim bolestima. Rad na prevenciji spolno prenosivih bolesti važan je preduvjet očuvanja reproduktivnog zdravlja u zrelijoj dobi., Introduction: One of the characteristics of modern society is the increase in sexual activity among students. The sudden increase in sexual activity among students of both sexes and the earlier age at which they enter into sexual contact exposes them to various risks, from unplanned pregnancy to sexually transmitted diseases. Aim of the study: Sexuality, with an emphasis on sexual behavior and contraception, are analyzed as the subject of the work. In this sense, the research goal of the work is to examine sexual behavior and the use of contraception among third graders. Subjects and methods: The subjects of the research are third grade students of the Pula Medical School and Pula Technical School. The main instrument of the research is the survey questionnaire "Sexual behavior". The survey questionnaire consists of two sections of questions. Socio-demographic questions, and the second section of questions refers to questions about the research topic itself. Results: The obtained results indicate that more than half of the respondents did not engage in sexual relations, and the other half who did engage in sexual relations mostly used protection during sexual relations. Statistically significant, the largest number of surveyed students have not had sexual relations so far, and of the students who have had sexual relations N=43 (41,35%), significantly the largest number have had relations more than 5 times N=31 (72,09%). Students believe that there is a 40% probability that they themselves will become infected with sexually transmitted diseases during sexual intercourse, while they attribute a significantly higher probability to infection through sexual intercourse with others. Conclusion: Third graders mostly use protection during sexual intercourse. Most third graders have had sex between one and five times by now. 3rd grade students are aware of the probability of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. Work on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases is an important prerequisite for preserving reproductive health at an older age.

Uvod: Današnji način života zahtjeva stalno prilagođavanje što kod pojedinca može biti vrlo zahtjevno i stresno, a dugoročno može dovesti do razvoja anksioznosti i depresije. U nekim životnim razdobljima ova su stanja naročito prisutna, a jedno od takvih doba je adolescencija. Cilj istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati razliku u ukupnom rezultatu na upitniku depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (engl. The Depression Anxiety, Stress Scale, DASS-21) (1) i njegovim subskalama (depresivnost, anksioznost i stres s obzirom na spol, razred i obrazovni smjer ispitanika) te ispitati povezanost rezultata na DASS-21 upitniku i njegovim subskalama s obrazovnim očekivanjima. Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su učenici drugih i četvrtih razreda Medicinske škole Pula dvaju smjerova: medicinska sestra opće njege/medicinski tehničar opće njege i fizioterapeutski tehničar/fizioterapeutska tehničarka. Glavni instrument istraživanja je anketni upitnik „DASS – 21“ i skala obrazovnih očekivanja. Upitnik ukupno sadrži 26 pitanja. Rezultati: Provedbom ovog istraživanja došlo se do spoznaje kako djevojčice prijavljuju više razine anksioznosti (M=1,93; sd=,81); stresa (M=2,33; sd= 84) i depresivnosti (M=1,98; sd=,85) od dječaka (Manksioznost=1,47; sdanksioznost=,53; Mstres=1,72; sdstres=,65; Mdepresivnost=1,65; sddepresivnost =,63). Učenici nižih razreda prijavljuju statistički značajno veće razine anksioznosti stresa i depresivnosti. Dokazano je kako učenici koji se obrazuju za zanimanje medicinska sestra opće njege/medicinski tehničar opće njege, iskazuju statistički značajno veće razine stresa (t= 2,74; 72,76; p, Introduction: Today's way of life that individuals face requires constant adaptation, it can be very demanding and stressful, which in the long run leads to the development of anxiety and depression. They are especially present in some periods of life, and one of these periods is adolescence. The aim of the research: The aim of this research is to examine the difference in the overall score on the depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire (The Depression Anxiety, Stress Scale, DASS-21) (1) and its subscales - depression, anxiety, and stress, regarding the gender, class, and educational direction of the respondents, and to examine the correlation of the results on the DASS- 21 questionnaire and its subscales with educational expectations. Subjects and methods: This study is intended for students of the second and fourth grades of the Pula Medical School of two majors: general care nurse/general care medical technician and physiotherapist technician/physiotherapist technician. The main instrument of the research is the survey questionnaire "DASS - 21 scales" and the scale of educational expectations. The questionnaire contains a total of 26 questions Results: By conducting this research, it was found that girls report a higher level of anxiety (M=1.93; sd=.81); stress (M=2.33; sd= 84) and depression (M=1.98; sd=.85) from boys (Manxiosity=1.47; sdanxiosity=.53; Mstress=1.72; sdstress=.65; Mdepressiveness=1.65; sdepressiveness =.63). Students in lower grades report statistically significantly higher levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. Likewise, through the implementation of the research, it was proven that students who are educated for the profession of nurse/technician show statistically significantly higher levels of stress (t= 2.74; 72.76; p

Uvod: Na globalnoj razini migrena pogađa oko 12% populacije dok kronična migrena pogađa i do 2% populacije. Pojedinci koji boluju od migrene obično češće prijavljuju lošiju kvalitetu života. Studije sugeriraju da su pacijenti s migrenom, koji imaju veću učestalost napadaja glavobolje podvrgnuti znatno većoj razini onesposobljenosti i smanjenoj kvaliteti života vezanoj za zdravlje. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati kvalitetu života i stupanj radne onesposobljenosti kod pacijenata s migrenom liječenih u ambulanti za bol Opće bolnice Karlovac. Metode: Istraživanje je provedeno u ambulanti za bol Opće bolnice Karlovac na uzorku od 67 ispitanika tijekom svibnja i lipnja 2022. godine. Stupanj onesposobljenosti se ispitivao MIDAS upitnikom (engl. The Migraine Disability Assessment), a kvaliteta života upitnikom o kvaliteti života specifičnim za migrenu, verzija 2.1 (engl. The migraine-specific QOL questionnaire (MSQ, ver. 2.1). Rezultati: Srednji broj dana onesposobljenosti po MIDAS upitniku bio je 39,48 (±34,44), 62,7% ih je imalo tešku onesposobljenost. Srednja vrijednost kvalitete života na MQOL upitniku bila je 49,24 (±11,28). Pronađena je statistički značajna razlika ( t=6,189, p=0,015) u danima onesposobljenosti između žena i muškaraca. Žene su postigle statistički značajno niži rezultat od muškaraca na domenama restriktivne uloge (t=5.166, p=0.026) i emocionalne funkcije (t=4,518, p=0,027). Dob, stupanj obrazovanja, bračni i radni status nisu bili značajni prediktori za radnu onesposobljenost i ukupnu kvalitetu života. Ispitanici koji napade migrene doživljavaju svakodnevno imaju statistički značajno veći broj dana onesposobljenja od ispitanika koji napade imaju od jedan put do četiri puta mjesečno (p=0,005) i manje od 12 puta godišnje (p=0,033). Zaključak: Migrena utječe na sve aspekte funkcioniranja te sprječava oboljele da nesmetano obavljaju radne zadatke te izravno utječe na njihovu mentalnu dobrobit. Osim pravovremene posjete liječniku i pridržavanja propisane terapije, osobe s migrenom potrebno je dodatno educirati kako bi se uspješno nosili sa simptomima migrene te vodili zdrav život izbjegavajući potencijalne okidače migrene. Oboljelima od migrene također je potrebno osigurati i brigu o mentalnom zdravlju kako se, ionako niska kvaliteta života, ne bi dodatno narušila., Introduction: Globally, migraine affects about 12% of the population, while chronic migraine affects 1% to 2% of the population. Individuals with migraine are more likely to report poorer quality of life. Studies suggest that migraine patients who have a higher frequency of headache attacks experience significantly higher levels of disability and reduced health-related quality of life. Objective: The objective of the research is to examine the quality of life and the degree of work disability in migraine patients treated in the pain clinic of the Karlovac General Hospital. Methods: The research was conducted in the pain clinic of the Karlovac General Hospital on a sample of 67 subjects during May and June 2022. The degree of disability was assessed with the The Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS questionnaire), and the quality of life with the migraine-specific QOL questionnaire (MSQ, ver. 2.1). Results: The average number of days of disability according to the MIDAS questionnaire was 39,48 (±34,44), 62.7% of them had severe disability. The mean value of the quality of life on the MQOL questionnaire was 49,24 (±11,28). A statistically significant difference was found (t=6,189, p=0,015) in days of fitness between women and men. Women scored statistically significantly lower than men in the domains of restrictive role (t=5,166, p=0,026) and emotional function (t=4,518, p=0,027). Age, level of education, marital and work status were not significant predictors for work disability and overall quality of life. Subjects who experience migraine attacks daily have a statistically significantly higher number of days of disability than subjects who have attacks from one to four times a month (p=0,005) and less than 12 times a year (p=0,033). Conclusion: Migraine affects all aspects of functioning and prevents sufferers from performing work tasks smoothly and directly affects their mental well-being. In addition to timely visits to the doctor and compliance with the prescribed therapy, people with migraine need to be further educated in order to successfully cope with migraine symptoms and lead a healthy life avoiding potential migraine triggers. Migraine sufferers also need to be provided with mental health care so that the already low quality of life is not further impaired.

Anksioznost i poremećaji spavanja česti su i međusobno povezani komorbiditeti demencije. Nije poznato je li povezanost anksioznosti i poremećaja spavanja teža u osoba s blagom demencijom u odnosu na populaciju usporedive dobi i spola stalno nastanjene u ustanovama za njegu, bez dijagnosticirane demencije, odnosno doprinosi li sama demencija čvrstoći te povezanosti. Radi navedenog cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati postoji li razlika u povezanosti anksioznosti s poremećajem spavanja kod hospitaliziranih bolesnika s dijagnosticiranom blagom demencijom u odnosu na osobe bez dijagnosticirane demencije usporedive dobi, spola i trajanja boravka u ustanovi. Provedeno je presječno istraživanje tijekom 2022. godine na Odjelu za liječenje kroničnih psihijatrijskih bolesnika oboljelih od demencija Klinike za psihijatriju Sveti Ivan u Zagrebu te u pet javnih ustanova - domova za starije osobe u Gradu Zagrebu. Poremećaji spavanja mjereni su Pitsburškim indeksom kvalitete spavanja (PSQI). Anksioznost je mjerena podljestvicom anksioznosti Ljestvice bolničke anksioznosti i depresije (HADS-A). Multivarijabilnom statističkom analizom kontroliran je mogući učinak sljedećih varijabli: dob, spol i trajanje boravka u ustanovi. U istraživanje je uključeno 75 ispitanika s blagom demencijom i 75 osoba bez demencije. Dva uzorka bili su prihvatljivo usporediva prema dobi i spolu, ali i različiti prema brojnim drugim sociodemografskim parametrima. Istraživanjem je dokazana statistički značajna povezanost anksioznosti i poremećaja spavanja u obje ispitivane skupine, nakon prilagodbe za dob, spol i trajanje boravka u ustanovi., Anxiety and sleep disorders are common and associated comorbidities of dementia. It is not known whether this association between anxiety and sleep disorders is more severe in people with mild dementia compared to a population of comparable age and gender permanently residing in care institutions, but without diagnosed dementia, hence, whether dementia itself contributes to the strength of this connection. For the above, the aim of this research was to examine whether there is a difference in the association between anxiety and sleep disorders in hospitalized patients with diagnosed mild dementia compared to people without diagnosed dementia but of comparable age, gender and length of stay in the institution. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2022 at the Department for the Treatment of Chronic Psychiatric Patients Suffering from Dementia at the Sveti Ivan Psychiatry Clinic in Zagreb and at five public institutions - homes for the elderly in the City of Zagreb. Sleep disorders were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). was Anxiety was measured using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A). Confounding variables whose effect was controlled by multivariable statistical analysis were age in years, gender, and length of stay in the institution. 75 patients with mild dementia and 75 persons without dementia were included in the research. The two samples were reasonably comparable according to age and gender, but also different according to numerous other sociodemographic parameters. The research proved a statistically significant association between anxiety and sleep disorders in both examined groups, after adjustment for age, gender and length of stay in the institution.

UVOD: Onkologija je grana medicine poznata po svojoj kompleksnosti u prevenciji, dijagnostici, liječenju i rehabilitaciji osoba oboljelih od malignih bolesti. Skrb o onkološkom pacijentu zahtijeva multidisciplinaran pristup u kojem važnu ulogu ima upravo medicinska sestra/tehničar. CILJ: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove studenata sestrinstva o potencijalnim negativnim posljedicama na mentalno zdravlje zdravstvenih djelatnika zaposlenih na odjelu onkologije. Nadalje, usporedile su se razlike u stavovima s obzirom na razinu studija koju ispitanici pohađaju te broj godina radnog iskustva u području sestrinstva. METODE I ISPITANICI: Stavovi su mjereni autorskim upitnikom izrađenim isključivo za potrebe ovog istraživanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 103 studenata preddiplomskih i diplomskih, stručnih i sveučilišnih studija neovisno o godini studiranja. REZULTATI: Rezultati dobiveni provedbom istraživanja pokazuju kako većina studenata zdravstvenu njegu onkoloških pacijenta smatra izuzetno kompleksnom. Najveće slaganje uočeno je u tvrdnjama vezanim za pružanje specifične psihološke potpore onkološkim pacijentima, izloženosti nizu kroničnih stresora te tvrdnji da nedostatak slobodnog vremena pogoduje razvoju simptoma sindroma izgaranja. Ispitanici su se u najmanjoj mjeri složili s tvrdnjom adekvatnosti plaće te tvrdnjom da svjedočenje smrti može pomoći u prevladavanju straha od smrtnosti. Glavne razlike uočene na temelju dobivenih odgovora, s obzirom na razinu obrazovanja i radno iskustvo u struci, odnose se na adekvatnost plaće na onkološkim odjelima te izloženosti nizu kroničnih stresora. ZAKLJUČAK: Unatoč nekoliko uočenih razlika u stupnju slaganja s tvrdnjama, zaključak je da studenti sestrinstva u podjednakoj mjeri smatraju da rad na onkologiji pogoduje razvoju mentalnih poteškoća., INTRODUCTION: Oncology is a branch of medicine known for its complexity when it comes to preventing, diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating people suffering from a malignant disease. Oncology patient care calls for a multidisciplinary approach in which an important role is played by nurses. AIM: The main goal of this survey was to examine the attitudes of nursing students towards potential negative consequences for healthcare professionals working in the oncology department. Furthermore, the differences in attitudes were compared based on the level of study of the participants and their years of work experience in nursing. METHODS AND RESPONDENTS: The attitudes were measured using a questionnaire which was made exclusively for the purposes of this survey. One hundred and three undergraduate and graduate, professional and university study students participated in the survey regardless of the academic year they enrolled in. RESULTS: The survey results show that the majority of students consider oncology patient care to be highly complex. The highest level of agreement was observed in statements related to the provision of specific psychological support to oncology patients, and exposure to a series of chronic stressors, and the statement that a lack of free time favours the development of burnout syndrome symptoms. The participants least agreed with the statement related to salary adequacy, and the statement that witnessing death can help overcome the fear of death. The main differences observed based on the answers received, with regard to the participants' education level and work experience, relate to salary adequacy in oncology departments, and exposure to a series of chronic stressors. CONCLUSION: Although some differences in the level of agreement were noted, we arrived at the conclusion that nursing students agree in equal measure that working in oncology favours the development of mental health problems.

UVOD: Psihoaktivne tvari utječu na različite mentalne procese poput percepcije, svijesti, spoznaja ili raspoloženja i emocija, a njihova upotreba se nužno ne poistovjećuje s razvojem ovisnosti, već se neželjene posljedice povezuju sa „zlouporabom“ ili „prekomjernom upotrebom“. Psihoaktivne tvari se najčešće dijele na stimulanse i depresive središnjeg živčanog sustava, opijate i halucinogene. CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoje li statistički značajne razlike u negativnim emocijama i različitim vrstama agresivnosti kod osoba sklonih zlouporabi psihoaktivnih tvari u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Specifični cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između negativnih emocija i agresivnosti kod osoba sa sklonošću zlouporabe psihoaktivnih tvari. METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno u Županijskoj specijalnoj bolnici Insula, a ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine: kriterijsku skupina – osobe koje se liječe zbog zlouporabe ili ovisnosti o psihoaktivnim tvarima (N= 44) i kontrolnu skupinu (N=55). Podaci za istraživanje prikupljali su se putem 3 anketna upitnika: upitnik sociodemografskih podataka, DASS-21 i BPAQ. Statističkom obradom podataka uspoređivani su rezultati upitnika kod obje skupine, s ciljem procjene stresa, anksioznosti, depresije i agresivnosti te povezanosti istih sa zlouporabom psihoaktivnih tvari. REZULTATI: Ukupan prosječni rezultat DASS-21 upitnika bio je 30,41 kod ispitanika sa sklonošću zlouporabe psihoaktivnih tvari, a kod kontrolne skupine 9,49 (t = 8,79; df = 93; p < 0,05) pri čemu se može zaključiti da osobe koje uzimaju psihoaktivne tvari imaju značajno više negativnih simptoma od kontrolne skupine. Prosječni rezultati upitnika agresivnosti koji procjenjuje četiri tipa agresivnosti u subskalama fizičke agresivnosti, verbalne agresivnosti, ljutnje i hostilnosti, statistički je značajno viši kod ispitanika koji imaju sklonost ka zlouporabi psihoaktivnih tvari (t = 10,32; df = 93; p < 0,05). ZAKLJUČAK: Zlouporaba psihoaktivnih tvari povezana je s negativnim emocijama poput stresa, anksioznosti, depresije i agresivnog ponašanja., INTRODUCTION: Psychoactive substances affect different mental processes such as perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions, and their use is not necessarily identified with the development of addiction, but unwanted consequences are associated with "abuse" or "excessive use". Psychoactive substances are usually divided into stimulants and depressants of the central nervous system, opiates, and hallucinogens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in negative emotions and different types of aggressiveness in persons prone to abuse of psychoactive substances compared to the control group. The specific goal of the research was to determine the connection between negative emotions and aggressiveness in people with a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances. METHODS: The research was conducted at the Insula County Special Hospital, and the subjects were divided into two groups: a criterion group - people being treated for abuse or addiction to psychoactive substances (N= 44) and a control group (N=55). Data for the research were collected through 3 questionnaires: sociodemographic data questionnaire, DASS-21 and BPAQ. Statistical data processing compared the results of the questionnaire in both groups, with the aim of assessing stress, anxiety, depression and aggressiveness and their connection with the abuse of psychoactive substances. RESULTS: The total average score of the DASS-21 questionnaire was 30.41 in subjects with a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances, and 9.49 in the control group (t = 8.79; df = 93; p < 0.05) conclude that people taking psychoactive substances have significantly more negative symptoms than the control group. The average results of the aggressiveness questionnaire, which assesses four types of aggressiveness in the subscales of physical aggressiveness, verbal aggressiveness, anger and hostility, is statistically significantly higher in subjects who have a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances (t = 10.32; df = 93; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Abuse of psychoactive substances is associated with negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, depression, and aggressive behavior.

Poremećaji autističnog spektra skupina su neurorazvojnih poremećaja koji se javljaju u ranoj dobi, a glavne osobine su poremećaj socijalnih vještina, govora i komunikacije te ograničeni interesi i radnje. COVID-19 pandemija zahvaća većinu svjetske populacije, pa tako i djecu i mlade s poremećajima autističnog spektra i njihove obitelji. Tipični simptomi navedene dijagnoze dodatno im otežavaju suočavanje s pandemijom. Gubitak dnevne rutine, otežan pristup primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti, zabrinuti i tjeskobni roditelj vežu se uz pogoršanje psihičkog zdravlja djece i veće probleme u ponašanju., Autism spectrum disorders are groups of neurodevelopmental disorders that occur at an early age and the main features are impaired social skills, speech and communication, and limited interests and actions. The COVID-19 pandemic affects the majority of the world's population, including children and young people with autism spectrum disorders and their families. The typical symptoms of this diagnosis make it even more difficult for them to cope with a pandemic. Loss of daily routine, difficult access to primary health care, and anxious parents are associated with deteriorating mental health of children and greater behavioral problems.

Iz grada Wuhana je koncem 2019. godine krenula nova bolest. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija nazvala ju je COVID-19. Dana 25. veljače 2020. godine Republika Hrvatska je potvrdila prvi slučaj zaraze COVID-19. Dana 16. ožujka 2020. godine donesena je odluka kojom se zatvaraju sve odgojno-obrazovne institucije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Nastava se odvijala online. Adolescencija je životno razdoblje na prijelazu iz djetinjstva u odraslu dob. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji, mentalno je zdravlje temelj osobnog blagostanja i učinkovitog funkcioniranja. Adolescenti su bili izloženi prolongiranoj izolaciji od vršnjaka, prestanku sudjelovanja u sportu i drugim društvenim aktivnostima, izazovima učenja na daljinu, osobnoj bolesti ili bolesti u obitelji, čak i smrti. Napredak pandemije je sa sobom doveo visoke stope depresije, anksioznosti i posttraumatskih simptoma. Također su se javljale više stope zanemarivanja i zlostavljanja, poremećaji u odnosima u obitelji, izolacija i samoća. Dugi COVID je skup simptoma koji traju tjednima ili mjesecima u pacijenata nakon što se zaraze virusom SARS- CoV-2 i često utječe i na mentalno zdravlje. Postoje inicijative i programi samih adolescenata za grupe međusobne podrške. Istraživanja pokazuju da se većina adolescenata pridržava preporučenih epidemioloških mjera za zaštitu od COVID-19. Pandemija uzrokuje anksioznost, stres, stigmu, ksenofobiju. Karantena i samoizolacija imaju uglavnom negativan učinak na mentalni status pojedinca. Mladi mogu iskusiti anksioznost, distres i socijalnu izolaciju te to može imati kratkoročne ili dugoročne posljedice na njihovo mentalno zdravlje. Epidemije dovode do stigmatizacije. Osim negativnih učinaka COVID-19 pandemije i „lockdown“-a, uočene su i neke pozitivne posljedice: smanjen unos brze hrane, povećan unos orašastih plodova, voća i povrća je uočen. Pojačana fizička aktivnost, smanjen sjedilački način života i povećana učinkovitost mrežne nastave doprinose pozitivnom razvoju mentalnog i fizičkog zdravlja., At the end of 2019 a new disease emerged from the city of Wuhan in China. The World Health Organisation called this new disease COVID-19. The first case of COVID-19 in Croatia was confirmed on 25th February 2020. On 16th March 2020, all educational institutions were closed down in the whole of Croatia. Online schooling was instituted for all students. There are many definitions of adolescence. To simplify, adolescence is a period from the start of puberty until adult age. The World Health Organisation defines mental health as the bedrock of personal wellbeing and effective functioning. Adolescents were subjected to prolonged isolation from their peers, cessation of sports and other social activities, to the challenges of remote learning, personal illness or illness in the family, or even death. The course of the pandemic yielded high rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic syndromes. Higher rates of neglect and abuse, as well as disturbances in family relations, isolation and loneliness were reported. Long COVID is a collection of symptoms that last for weeks or months in patients after they are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and there are pronounced effects on mental health. There are initiatives and programmes created by adolescents for adolescents as support groups. Research shows that the majority of adolescents adhere to recommended public health COVID policies and recommendations. The pandemic has an effect on individuals and the society as a whole and causes anxiety, stress, stigma and xenophobia. Young people may experience anxiety, distress, social isolation and they can have short-term and long-term impacts on their mental health. Epidemics lead to stigmatization. Except negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, some positive effects have been observed. Seven studies noted positive impacts on the health of adolescents. Limited fast food intake, increased intake of nuts, fruit and vegetables has been observed. Increased physical activity, lower rates of a sedentary lifestyle and increased effectiveness of online schooling result in positive developement of mental and physical health.

Mentalno zdravlje djece i mladih je oduvijek bilo pod velikim vanjskim utjecajem u vidu migracija stanovništva, sukoba u svijetu, ekonomskih problema i ekoloških promjena. Moderan svijet je donio nove promjene u obliku digitalnih tehnologija, društvenih mreža, novonastalih zdravstvenih kriza i ratnih zbivanja koji imaju direktan i indirektan negativan učinak na mentalno zdravlje. Kod jednog od petero djece će se tijekom odrastanja javiti problem mentalnog zdravlja. Za očuvanje mentalnog zdravlje u modernom svijetu nužno je pravovremeno djelovati na pozitivan rast i razvoj. Djelovanje se mora usmjeriti prema zaštitnim čimbenicima, posebno školi i obitelji. U školama se trebaju provoditi programi prevencije i promocije mentalnog zdravlje i što ranije prepoznati rizične faktore razvoja mentalnih problema., The mental health of children and youth has always been greatly influenced by external migration in the form of population migration, world conflicts, economic problems and environmental change. The modern world has brought us new changes in the form of digital technologies, social networks, emerging health crises and war events that have a direct and indirect negative impact on mental health. One in five children will develop a mental health problem as they grow up. To maintain mental health in the modern world, it is necessary to act in a timely manner on positive growth and development. Action must be directed towards protective factors, especially school and family. Mental health prevention and promotion programs should be implemented in schools and risk factors for the development of mental problems should be identified as soon as possible.

Procjenjuje se da u Republici Hrvatskoj svaka treća osoba konzumira duhan, što iznosi otprilike 30% stanovništva. Konzumacija duhana je prisutna u svakoj životnoj dobi, a započinje sve ranije. Također se povezuje s nižim socioekonomskim statusom, nižim stupnjem obrazovanja i manjom kvalitetom života. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost ovisnosti o nikotinu kod zdravstvenih i nezdravstvenih djelatnika, ispitati učestalost ovisnosti o nikotinu s obzirom na sociodemografska obilježja (spol, obrazovanje, socioekonomski status), te ispitati kvalitetu života kod ovisnika o nikotinu. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anonimne ankete među zdravstvenim i nezdravstvenim djelatnicima Republike Hrvatske, u periodu od 01. travnja 2022 godine do 01. svibnja 2022. godine. U istraživanje su bile uključene osobe od 20 do 65 godina života, oba spola. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 160 ispitanika. Anketa je bila podijeljena neposrednim kontaktom sa ispitanicima. Instrumentarij su činila tri upitnika. Upitnik o sociodemografskim podatcima sačinjen za ovo istraživanje, upitnik o konzumaciji nikotina sačinjen za ovo istraživanje i upitnik o kvaliteti života. Suprotno očekivanjima, istraživanje je pokazalo da veći broj zdravstvenih djelatnika puši u odnosu na nezdravstvene djelatnike, veći broj ispitanika sa srednjom stručnom spremom i višom stručnom spremom konzumira nikotin u odnosu na broj nepušača u istim kategorijama, dok je obrazac suprotan kod visoke stručne spreme, gdje je relativno veći broj nepušača od pušača. Pokazalo se da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u procijenjenoj kvaliteti života između pušača i nepušača te da postoji značajno veća svjesnost o štetnosti pušenja kod nepušača u odnosu na pušače., It is estimated that in the Republic of Croatia every third person consumes tobacco, which is approximately 30% of the population. Tobacco consumption is present at every age and starts earlier. It is also associated with lower socio-economic status, lower levels of education and lower quality of life. The aim of the study was to examine the incidence of nicotine addiction in health and non-health professionals, to examine the incidence of nicotine addiction with respect to sociodemographic characteristics (gender, education, socioeconomic status), and to examine the quality of life in nicotine addicts. The research was conducted through an anonymous survey among health and non-health professionals of the Republic of Croatia, in period from April 1, 2022 to May 1, 2022. The study included people aged 20 to 65, both sexes. 160 respondents were included in the research. The survey was divided through direct contact with the respondents. The instrumentation consisted of three questionnaires. Socio-demographic data questionnaire made for this research, nicotine consumption questionnaire made for this research and quality of life questionnaire. Contrary to expectations, the research showed that more health workers smoke compared to non-health workers, more respondents with secondary education and higher education consume nicotine compared to the number of non-smokers in the same categories, while the pattern is opposite in higher education, where is a relatively higher number of non-smokers than smokers. It was shown that there is no statistically significant difference in the estimated quality of life between smokers and non-smokers and that there is a significantly higher awareness of the harmfulness of smoking in non-smokers compared to smokers.

Uvod: Prisustvo ozljede osim fizičkog, može narušiti i psihološko zdravlje. Depresivnost, anksioznost te stres su poteškoće koje nastaju kao posljedica narušenog zdravstvenog statusa. Osim ozljede, oboljenje SARS-CoV-2 virusom također nepovoljno utječe na kliničku sliku psihološkog zdravlja. Cilj rada: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati razinu depresije, anksioznosti i stresa kod osoba na fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji nakon pretrpljene ozljede. Dodatno, ispitana je povezanost sociodemografskih obilježja, obilježja ozljede i izloženost SARS-CoV-2 virusu s mjerama mentalnog zdravlja. Metoda: U presječnom istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 55 pacijenata u postupku fizikalne rehabilitacije, od čega 27 muškaraca i 28 žena. Prosječna dob ispitanika je 56,4 godine, većinom su srednje stručne spreme (76,4%), u partnerskoj vezi (74,5%) te je 43,6% zaposleno a njih 40% umirovljeno. Ispitanici su ispunjavali sljedeće samoprocjenske upitnike: sociodemografski upitnik, Skalu depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21), modificirani upitnik o zdravstvenom statusu (SF-36) i kratki upitnik o izloženosti COVID-19 bolesti. Rezultati: Većina ispitanika je imala ozljedu na jednom mjestu (89,1%) pri čemu su najučestalije vrste ozljede umjetni zglob (32,7%) i oštećenje mišića (29,1%). Značajan rizik za rizik za depresiju ima 7,3% ispitanika, anksioznost 16,4% te stres njih 4,4%. Ženski spol, mjesto ozljede noga, vrste ozljede umjetni zglob i ozljeda slabinskog dijela značajno su povezani s lošijim ishodom mentalnog zdravlja dok je status umirovljenika povezan s nižom razinom depresivnosti. Osobe koje su preboljele COVID-19 i kojima je bliska osoba oboljela imaju značajno veće razine ispitivanih psiholoških poteškoća. Značajni samostalni prediktori depresivnosti i anksioznosti su osobna izloženost bolesti COVID-19 te ugradnja umjetnog zgloba. Dodatno, značajan prediktor anksioznosti je fizička ograničenost zbog ozljede. Jedini značajan prediktor stresa je ugradnja umjetnog zgloba. Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na dobro mentalno zdravlje osoba na fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji nakon doživljene jedne ili više fizičkih ozljeda. Pandemija COVID-19 ima značajan utjecaj na mentalno zdravlje te je u rehabilitacijskom radu potrebno povećati senzibilnost na utjecaj istih na pacijente u fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji. Posebno su rizične osobe s ugrađenim umjetnom kukom., Introduction: The presence of an injury, in addition to physical, can also impair psychological health. Depression, anxiety and stress are difficulties that arise as a result of impaired health status. In addition to injury, SARS-CoV-2 virus also adversely affects the clinical picture of psychological health. Aim: The main objective of the study was to examine the level of depression, anxiety and stress in persons on physical rehabilitation after suffering an injury. Additionally, the association of sociodemographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and SARS-CoV-2 virus exposure with mental health measures was examined. Method: A total of 55 patients in the physical rehabilitation procedure participated in the cross-sectional study, of which 27 were men and 28 were women. The average age of the respondents was 56.4 years, most of them had secondary education (76.4%), were in a partnership (74.5%) and 43.6% were employed and 40% were retired. Participants completed the following self-assessment questionnaires: the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Modified Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36), and the Short Questionnaire on COVID-19 Disease Exposure. Results: The majority of respondents had injured one part of the body (89.1%), with the most common types of injury being an artificial joint (32.7%) and muscle damage (29.1%). 7.3% of respondents had a significant risk for depression, 16.4% for anxiety and 4.4% for stress. Female gender, leg injury, artificial hip and lower back injury were significantly associated with poorer mental health outcomes while retiree status was associated with lower levels of depression. People with who have experienced COVID-19 and or who’s close ones were positive for COVID-those have significantly higher levels of psychological difficulties examined. Significant independent predictors of depression and anxiety are personal exposure to COVID-19 disease and implantation of an artificial joint. Additionally, a significant predictor of anxiety is physical limitation due to injury. The only significant predictor of stress is the implantation of an artificial joint. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate good mental health of persons in physical rehabilitation after experiencing one or more physical injuries. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health an in clinical work it is necessary to increase the sensitivity to its’ impact on patients in physical rehabilitation. Particularly at risk are people with a built-in artificial hook.

Uvod: Mobbing medicinskih sestara/tehničara je specifični oblik nasilja na radnom mjestu koje dovodi do brojnih posljedica na mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje žrtve, te se važnost njegova prepoznavanja očituje u poznavanju tih posljedica koje mobbing može prouzrokovati. Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati prisutnost mobbinga na radnom mjestu medicinskih sestara/tehničara te njegove štetne posljedice na njihovo mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na 484 medicinskih sestara/ tehničara iz Facebook grupe “Medicinske sestre/tehničari zajedno”. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je upitnik koji se sastoji od tri dijela. Prvi dio su socio-demografska pitanja, drugi dio je upitnik o prisutnosti mobbinga koji se sastoji od 33 pitanja, a treći dio upitnika ispituje utjecaj mobbinga na mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje medicinskih sestara/tehničara. Rezultati: Ovim istraživanjem potvrđeno je prisustvo mobbinga na radnom mjestu medicinskih sestara/tehničara u svakoj od ispitivanih domena. Od 484 medicinske sestre/tehničara koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju 71,1% navodi da ih se često prekida dok govore; osjećaj da se oni kao osobe i njihov rad kontroliraju imalo je 71,7% ispitanika; 84,5% navodi da je netko govorio neistine o njima; 82,4% je bilo verbalno ugroženo; iskustvo da netko govori o njima na omalovažavajući način u prisutnosti drugih osoba imala su 72,7% ispitanika, a 15,1% ispitanika imalo je iskustvo s fizičkim nasiljem. Rezultati utjecaja mobbinga na zdravlje bilježe osjećaj tuge kada se sjete neprijateljskog ponašanja prema njima kod 71% medicinskih sestara; 67,6% proživljava ponašanja koja su im učinjena. Radi mobbing ponašanja 77,5 % je imalo glavobolje, 65,9% poremećen san, 57,4% gastrointestinalne smetnje, a 42,6% ispitanika misli da su depresivni. Zaključak: Mobbing je uvelike prisutan u profesiji medicinskih sestara/tehničara, te ima štetan utjecaj na njihovo zdravlje., Introduction: Mobbing among nurses / technicians is a specific form of violence at work that leads to numerous consequences on the mental and physical health of the victim. The importance of recognizing mobbing is reflected in the knowledge of its consequences. Purpose of the research: The purpose of the research is to examine the presence of mobbing at work among nurses / technicians and its harmful consequences on their mental and physical health. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on 484 nurses / technicians from the Facebook group “Nurses / technicians together”. A three-part questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The first part of the study represents a set of socio-demographic questions, the second part is a questionnaire about the presence of mobbing consisting of 33 questions, and the third part of the questionnaire examines the impact of mobbing on the mental and physical health of nurses / technicians. Results: The study confirmed the presence of mobbing in the workplace of nurses / technicians in each of the surveyed domains. Of the 484 nurses / technicians who participated in the study, 71.1% stated they were often interrupted while speaking, 71.7% felt they as a person and their work were controlled, 84.5% state that someone told untruths about them, 82.4% were verbally threatened, 72.7% of respondents have the experience of someone talking about them in a disparaging way in the presence of other people, and 15.1% of respondents have experienced physical violence. The results of the impact of mobbing on health record feeling sadness when one remembers the hostile behavior towards by 71% of nurses and 67.6% ruminate on the mobbing experiences. Due to work mobbing, 77.5% have headaches, 65.9% disturbed sleep, 57.4% gastrointestinal disorders, and 42.6% of respondents think they are depressed. Conclusion: Mobbing is widely present in the profession of nurses / technicians in Croatia, and has a detrimental effect on their health.

Dugotrajno izlaganje stresnim životnim situacijama, stresu na radnom mjestu, smjenskom radu i radu noću može doprinijeti u razvoju medicinskih simptoma i sindroma kao što je PTSP((Post-traumatic stress disorder) i sindrom izgaranja na poslu. Ciljevi ovoga rada bili su istražiti kako smjenski rad utječe na kvalitetu života, san, doživljaj stresa i pojavu anksioznih i depresivnih simptoma. Istraživanje je provedeno u Psihijatrijskoj bolnici Ugljan tijekom svibnja 2021. godine.Sudjelovalo je 50 medicinskih sestara/tehničara od kojih je 22 medicinskih sestara /tehničara u jutarnjim smjenama,te 28 medicinskih sestara/ tehničara u radu u smjenama.Dobrovoljnim sudjelovanjem prema etičkim principima,svaki od ispitanika je ispunio bateriju upitnika i to:Sociodemografski podaci,Dass skala(skala depresije,stresa i anksioznosti),Upitnik doživljaja stresa,Insomnia (ISQ) upitnik simptoma nesanice,WHOO upitnik(zdravlje i kvaliteta čovjekovog života). Statističkom obradom nije utvđena statistička značajna razlika između dvije skupine ispitanika prema svim kriterijima osim u domeni doživljenog stresa., Prolonged exposure to stressful life situations, workplace stress, shift work and night work can cause a range of medical problems and syndromes such as PTSP and burnout syndrome at work. The objectives of this study were to investigate how shift work affects quality of life, sleep, experience of stress, and the onset of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The research was conducted at the Ugljan Psychiatric Hospital during May 2021. 50 nurses / technicians participated, of which 22 nurses / technicians are in the morning shifts, and 28 nurses / technicians are working in shifts.By voluntary participation according to ethical principles, each of the respondents filled out a battery of questionnaires, as follows: Socio-demographic data,,Dass scale (depression, stress and anxiety scale), Stress experience questionnaire, Insomnia (ISQ) insomnia symptoms questionnaire, WHOO questionnaire (health and quality of life).Statistical processing did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two groups of respondents according to all criteria except in the domain of experienced stress.

Anksioznost i depresija predstavljaju stanja narušenog mentalnog zdravlja, koja se mogu javiti kod svih pojedinaca, neovisno o dobi ili spolu. Američko udruženje za anksioznost i depresiju (ADAA – eng. Anxiety and Depression Association of America) procjenjuje da će 31% svih odraslih pojedinaca u nekom trenutku života doživjeti simptome anksioznosti, a Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO), procjenjuje da 284 milijuna odraslih osoba širom svijeta osjeća anksioznost, od toga u 63% slučajeva anksioznost zahvaća žene, a u 37 % slučajeva muškarce. Depresija najčešće uzrokuje osjećaj tuge i/ili gubitak interesa za aktivnosti svakodnevnog života ili aktivnosti koje su pojedincima prethodno predstavljale užitak. ADAA navodi kako u bilo kojem trenutku, 3 do 5 % ljudi pati od depresije, odnosno da 264 milijuna ljudi širom svijeta živi s depresijom. Zdravstveni djelatnici, koji zbog prirode svog posla predstavljaju rizičnu skupinu za razvoj anksioznosti i depresije, aktivni su djelatnici zdravstvenog sustava te se očekuje da imaju visoku razinu povjerenja u isti, no anksioznost i depresija mogu utjecati i na njihovu percepciju. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio istražiti i usporediti prisutnost simptoma anksioznosti i depresije kod zdravstvenih djelatnika i utjecaj navedenih simptoma na povjerenje u zdravstveni sustav i zadovoljstvo istim. Istraživanje se provelo putem 4 anketna upitnika: Zadovoljstvo zdravstvenim sustavom i percepcija povjerenja u zdravstveni sustav, BAI upitnik – Beckov indeks anksioznosti, BDI – II – M upitnik - Beckov indeks depresije i Indeks anksiozne osjetljivosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 46 ispitanika od kojih je 23,91% (n=11) muškog spola, a 76,09% (n=35) ženskog. Prosječna dob ispitanika iznosila je 44,17 ± 11,39 godina, medijan 45,50 godina. Prosječne vrijednosti Indeksa anksiozne osjetljivosti (IAO) u provedenom istraživanju iznose 22,5 što ukazuje na nisku razinu anksiozne osjetljivosti kod svih ispitanika. Prema rezultatima BDI – II – M, najveći postotak ispitanika ima odsustvo depresije 91,30% (n=42). Prema rezultatima BAI upitnika, ispitanici su u najvećem postotku 54,35% (n=25) ostvarili 7 ili manje bodova, što ukazuje da imaju nisku razinu anksioznosti. Blaga anksioznost uočena je kod 28,26% (n=13) ispitanika, umjerena kod njih 15,22% (n=7), a teška anksioznost uočena je samo kod jedne osobe i to ženskog spola. Rezultati upitnika o zadovoljstvu zdravstvenim sustavom i povjerenjem u isti, dokazuju da ispitanici imaju visoku razinu zadovoljstva zdravstveni sustav te visoku razinu povjerenja u isti., Anxiety and depression are states of impaired mental health, which can occur in all individuals, regardless of age or gender. The American Anxiety and Depression Association (ADAA) estimates that 31% of all adults will experience anxiety symptoms at some point in their lives, and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 284 million adults worldwide feel anxiety, of which in 63% of cases anxiety affects women and in 37% of cases men. Depression most often causes feelings of sadness and / or loss of interest in activities of daily living or activities that have previously been enjoyable for individuals. The ADAA states that at any given time, 3 to 5% of people suffer from depression, meaning that 264 million people worldwide live with depression. Healthcare professionals, who due to the nature of their work represent a risk group for the development of anxiety and depression, are active employees of the healthcare system and are expected to have a high level of confidence in it, but anxiety and depression can also affect their perception. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate and compare the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in health professionals and the impact of these symptoms on confidence in the health system and satisfaction with the same. The research was conducted through 4 survey questionnaires: Health system satisfaction and perception of trust in the health system, BAI questionnaire - Beck anxiety index, BDI - II - M questionnaire - Beck depression index and Anxiety sensitivity index. A total of 46 respondents participated in the study, of which 23.91% (n = 11) were male and 76.09% (n = 35) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 44.17 ± 11.39 years, the median was 45.50 years. The average values of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (IAO) in the conducted research are 22.5, which indicates a low level of anxiety sensitivity in all subjects. According to the results of BDI - II - M, the largest percentage of respondents has the absence of depression 91.30% (n = 42). According to the results of the BAI questionnaire, the respondents scored 7 or less points in the highest percentage of 54.35% (n = 25), which indicates that they have a low level of anxiety. Mild anxiety was observed in 28.26% (n = 13) of respondents, moderate in 15.22% (n = 7), and severe anxiety was observed in only one person, a female. The results of the questionnaire on satisfaction with the health system and trust in it prove that the respondents have a high level of satisfaction with the health system and a high level of trust in it.

Granični poremećaj ličnosti spada u skupinu B poremećaja ličnosti. To je najčešći poremećaj ličnosti, a karakteriziran je emocionalnom nestabilnošću, odnosno nemogućnošću regulacije afekta, poremećenim obrascima mišljenja i ponašanja, impulzivnim ponašanjima, te intenzivnim ali nestabilnim odnosima sa drugima. Granični poremećaj ličnosti nerijetko je povezan s različitim komorbidnim psihijatrijskim entitetima, koji su često glavni otežavajući faktor u terapiji graničnog poremećaja ličnosti. Najčešća komorbidna stanja koja se susreću u bolesnika s graničnim poremećajem ličnosti su poremećaji raspoloženja, od kojih je najčešća depresija, zatim anksiozni poremećaji, bolesti ovisnosti, te psihotični poremećaji., Borderline personality disorder is one of the personality disorders from cluster B. It is the most common personality disorder, and is characterized by emotional instability, inability to regulate affect, disturbed patterns of thinking and behavior, impulsive behavior, and intense but unstable relationships with others. Borderline personality disorder is often associated with various comorbid psychiatric entities, which are often the main problem when treating borderline personality disorder. The most common comorbid conditions that can be seen in patients with borderline personality disorder are mood disorders, mostly depression, followed by anxiety disorders and addiction.