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9. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

Meyfroidt, Patrick, De Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J., Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Geografia, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Environmental Geography, University of Twente, and Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, land use, Agriculture, sustainability, ITC-HYBRID, social-ecological systems, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, governance, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, 320 Political science, Humans, Renewable Energy, Social Change, 550 Earth sciences & geology, Ecosystem
Abstract

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits-"win-wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (7), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490

Published
2022
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10. Ten facts about land systems for sustainability

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate, Meyfroidt, Patrick, de Bremond, Ariane, Ryan, Casey M., Archer, Emma, Aspinall, Richard, Chhabra, Abha, Camara, Gilberto, Corbera, Esteve, DeFries, Ruth, Díaz, Sandra, Dong, Jinwei, Ellis, Erle C., Erb, Karl-Heinz, Fisher, Janet A., Garrett, Rachael D., Golubiewski, Nancy E., Grau, H. Ricardo, Grove, J. Morgan, Haberl, Helmut, Heinimann, Andreas, Hostert, Patrick, Jobbágy, Esteban G., Kerr, Suzi, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Lambin, Eric F., Lavorel, Sandra, Lele, Sharachandra, Mertz, Ole, Messerli, Peter, Metternicht, Graciela, Munroe, Darla K., Nagendra, Harini, Nielsen, Jonas Østergaard, Ojima, Dennis S., Parker, Dawn Cassandra, Pascual, Unai, Porter, John R., Ramankutty, Navin, Reenberg, Anette, Roy Chowdhury, Rinku, Seto, Karen C., Seufert, Verena, Shibata, Hideaki, Thomson, Allison, Turner, Billie L., Urabe, Jotaro, Veldkamp, Tom, Verburg, Peter H., Zeleke, Gete, and zu Ermgassen, Erasmus K. H. J.

Abstract

Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—"win–wins" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use.

Published
2022

15. Red Argentina de Parcelas Permanentes de Bosques Nativos para promover colaboraciones científicas en estudios de largo plazo.

Author

CEBALLOS, SERGIO J., BLUNDO, CECILIA, MALIZIA, AGUSTINA, ACOSTA, ORIANA OSINAGA, CARILLA, JULIETA, GRAU, H. RICARDO, CAMPANELLO, PAULA I., CUCHIETTI, ANÍBAL, GASPARRI, IGNACIO, GATTI, GENOVEVA, LOTO, DANTE, PASTUR, GUILLERMO MARTÍNEZ, MIRANDA, JIMENA SAUCEDO, AMOROSO, MARIANO, ANDINO, NATALIA, ARPIGIANI, DANIELA, ASCHERO, VALERIA, BARBERIS, IGNACIO M., BEDRIJ, NATALIA A., and CHEQUIN, RENATA NICORA

Subjects
FOREST microclimatology, FOREST surveys, LAND tenure, SPECIES diversity, FOREST monitoring
Abstract

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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16. Contra el consenso: Hallazgos que amenazan fundamentos del eco-alarmismo.

Author

GRAU, H. RICARDO

Subjects
*POWER (Social sciences), *SCIENTIFIC community, *PLANT diversity, *FRAGMENTED landscapes, *ENVIRONMENTAL policy
Abstract

Dissent is a source of scientific progress. Confirmatory bias in scientific communities limits their growth and development by making it difficult for dominant ideas to be replaced by those emerging from new research. I present four groups of findings that challenge well established dominant views (consensus) in the community of ecologists: 1) habitat fragmentation does not generally result in biodiversity losses at the landscape scale, 2) non-native species invasions contribute to increases in biodiversity of plant communities and may even contribute to a diversification explosion during the Anthropocene, 3) planetary primary productivity is increasing, the global area of forests is not decreasing, desertification and burnt area are not expanding (there is no generalized 'degradation' of ecosystems), and 4) organic agriculture and landscapes mixing agriculture with (semi) natural ecosystems generally result in decreases in yield, which (in contrast, for example, with GMO-based agriculture) increases the demand for land, further threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services of natural ecosystems. I propose five non-exclusive hypothetical mechanisms to explain the confirmatory bias in ecology: intellectual conservatism, aesthetic and ideological preferences, and the influence of political-institutional and economic power. Challenging established consensus on the basis of new information should imply disruptive changes in the scientific and political agendas which had them as their foundation. The earlier this happens, the faster science will advance and the more effective environmental policies will be. In order to make this happen, I suggest the scientific and educational agenda should be specifically directed to counter the confirmatory bias by promoting critical thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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