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Each country must assess its own potential for attaining a 3D cadastre in its land administration. The assessment can be done on several criteria among which are the state of its legislation supporting the establishment of the cadastre, the strength of its current spatial data infrastructure, the registration structures in place, and the organisational capacity of its existing land administration. This case study used these assessment criteria to examine the potential of Trinidad and Tobago for attaining a 3D fiscal cadastre for its property valuation. The potential for development of the 3D cadastre in Trinidad and Tobago is relatively high among developing countries given the country’s previous oil and gas income security which drove its comparatively advanced level of technology use among regional countries, as well as the presence of research capacity at the University of the West Indies. Legislation, technical data infrastructure, registration processes, and organisational capacity are the areas assessed to conclude that the potential for the development of the LADM valuation extension is relatively high with some key suggestions for implementation of the process. The literature suggests possible structures and processes as well as problematic issues for taking this forward. The paper concludes that the value component of the 3D cadastre is not well supported by the land legislation but the country already has a sound organisational mechanism in place for data acquisition through the system of valuations done for the various taxation purposes – stamp duty and property tax. The legislation needs to address the fact that interests in land – both formal and informal need to be accommodated in the legal registry in order for the valuation databases to be comprehensive and integrated. Additionally, individual real estate interests on common lands (condominiums) need to be identified as separate legal assets to more accurately reflect the way in which these propertie

Introducing interoperability among spatial datasets and registers is one of the key drivers for optimizing public administration, starting from the simple automation of existing processes, to the overall transformation of the system, and the construction of modern user-oriented services. An additional incentive for such a transformation, in the European context, was the foreseeable need for interoperability between the national systems of registers and the European Union (EU) registers, and potentially in the future with other registers worldwide. A key prerequisite for the realization of interoperability is digitalization. Digitalization is the most important step towards the development of an effective 3D Land administration. LADM country profiles integrate the legal and institutional context governing Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRRs) with the desired Land Administration Systems’ (LASs) advancements. A significant number of countries have developed LADM-based country profiles. Experiences from these developments are in the direction of integrated Land Administration, which the LADM data standard provides, with a vision for the future and can serve as good practice for the countries. This paper compares the digital transformation of the land administration in two vastly different case studies, in one EU country (Croatia) and in one Caribbean country (Trinidad and Tobago). A Comparison of these two land administration systems and their different tracks toward the development of a 3D land administration system that would address their differing social and economic needs within their individual resource and skill capacities was investigated in this paper. It was found, after comparison, that the step by step process to further and develop from the existing status to a 3D cadastre that is LADM compliant is differentiated according to the needs, capacities, and resources available in each of the countries. Countries would do well to decide on their indiv