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Abstract The global climate crisis is likely to lead to a potential supply risk of lithium (Li) over the coming decades. More than half of the world’s production of Li is derived from Li-bearing pegmatites. Although pegmatites are widespread, only a small fraction host economically relevant Li mineralization. Revealing which factors cause some pegmatites to be enriched in Li and others to be barren is critical for understanding Li pegmatite formation and for guiding exploration for new Li resources. In this study, we used an approach involving the analysis of natural samples from the Jiajika pegmatite deposit (China), combined with thermal and diffusion modeling. Here we show that Li contents in pegmatites are controlled not only by the initial Li contents in pegmatite melts but also by the temperature of the surrounding country rocks at the time of pegmatite emplacement. Lithium-mineralized pegmatites form preferentially when Li-rich pegmatite melts intrude low-temperature country rocks.

Abstract The fluxes of metal cations and isotopes released by weathering of silicate rocks are crucial and a prerequisite for constraining geochemical fluxes to rivers and oceans. This study presents mineral and elemental compositions along with 87Sr/86Sr and δ88Sr data from a basaltic weathering regolith on Hainan Island, South China to elucidate Sr isotope fractionation and weathering fluxes. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios vary from 0.703936 to 0.706338 as a result of differential weathering of the minerals. δ88Sr values in the weathering regolith range from −0.29 to 0.37‰, with the majority of the weathering regolith having lower δ88Sr values than the parent rock. Sr is leached into the soil solution during plagioclase decomposition, while 86Sr is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of secondary minerals. As weathering progresses, smectite decomposes and kaolinite desorbs under weakly acidic conditions, releasing the previously adsorbed 86Sr into the soil solution. The differential weathering of kaolinite and smectite controls the δ88Sr values of the weathering regolith, with pH being an important determinant of isotope fractionation. Furthermore, Sr elemental fluxes (SrFlux) and Sr isotopic fluxes (δ88SrFlux) of this weathering regolith were calculated using a mass balance model, yielding mean values of 0.20 (mg cm−3 Myr−1) and 0.052 (‰ (mg cm−3 Myr−1)), respectively. The δ88SrFlux exhibits a nonlinear positive correlation with the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), indicating that enhanced weathering leads to significant stable Sr isotope fractionation at CIA values below 95%. Our research promotes the understanding of Sr recycling and the fractionation behavior of stable Sr isotopes during consecutive weathering.

Abstract Understanding the stable strontium isotope fractionation between seawater and ferromanganese crusts/nodules is crucial for reconstructing seawater Sr isotopic history. This study explores stable Sr isotope fractionation during adsorption to manganese oxides, as preliminary experiments indicated their higher Sr adsorption capacity compared to iron oxides. We observed that equilibrium in concentration and isotopic composition can be achieved within a day. The lighter isotope (86Sr) is preferentially adsorbed, with the fractionation extent showing no significant change with respect to reaction time, pH, or Sr concentration under low ionic strength conditions (−0.14‰). Equilibrium fractionation processes, rather than Rayleigh fractionation, more accurately represent the isotopic composition trends of dissolved and adsorbed Sr. Experiments in synthetic seawater demonstrated greater Sr isotope fractionation (−0.20‰) compared to low ionic‐strength solutions. This fractionation during adsorption by manganese oxides in synthetic seawater is consistent with the isotopic discrepancy between seawater and ferromanganese nodules, suggesting that Mn oxide adsorption is the primary mechanism for Sr accumulation in ferromanganese deposits. These results imply that ferromanganese deposit Sr isotopic compositions could be proxies for reconstructing seawater Sr isotopic history, which is influenced by carbonate burial and continental weathering, reflecting the global carbon cycle changes.