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Objective To investigate whether BZLF1 and BILF1 can inhibit the expression of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)molecules in Raji cells during Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic cycle. Methods Reactivation was triggered by treating Raji cells with TPA and NaB. As the marker protein during EBV lytic state, the BZLF1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. The expression of BZLF1 and BILF1 at transcription level was analyzed by RT-qPCR in EBV reactivation. The expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry. After BZLF1 and BILF1 over-expression or gene silencing via siRNA in Raji cells by electroporation, the expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot respectively. Results EBV reactivation can be triggered with TPA and NaB. The BZLF1 and BILF1 gene expression was observed by inducing EBV reactivation in Raji cells. The levels of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules were down regulated by inducing EBV reactivation or ectopic expression of BZLF1 and BILF1 (P＜0.05). Expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules was restored by specific siRNA. Conclusions BZLF1 and BILF1 down regulate the expression of MHC class Ⅱ and MHC class Ⅰ molecules in EBV reactivation respectively.

Existing hot sintering models based on molecular dynamics focus on single-crystal alloys. This work proposes a new multiparticle model based on molecular dynamics to investigate coalescence kinetics during the hot-pressed sintering of a polycrystalline Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy. The accuracy and effectiveness of the multiparticle model are verified by a phase-field model. Using this model, it is found that when the particle contact zones undergo pressure-induced evolution into exponential power creep zones, the occurrences of phenomena, such as necking, pore formation/filling, dislocation accumulation/decomposition, and particle rotation/rearrangement are accelerated. Based on tensile test results, Young's modulus of the as-sintered Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy is calculated to be 214.11 ± 1.03 GPa, which deviates only 0.82% from the experimental value, thus further validating the feasibility and accuracy of the multiparticle model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether to perform prophylactic central lymph node dissection for cN0 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients is still controversial. This retrospective study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram based on ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the risk stratification of central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in patients with PTC., Methods: A total of 525 patients from 2017 to 2019 [Tianjin First Central Hospital (Hospital A)] were retrospectively analyzed to form the training cohort and to conduct internal validation. Another group of 204 patients in 2020 (Hospital A) formed the temporal validation cohort. A total of 107 patients in 2020 [Binzhou Medical University Hospital (Hospital B)] formed the geographic validation cohort, which was a retrospective cohort study. The area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram. The locally weighted regression curve was used for risk stratification., Results: Diameter, taller-than-wide, calcification, capsular invasion, and iodine concentration in the arterial and venous phases were independent risk predictors of CLNM. The AUC of the nomogram was 0.922 (95% confidence interval: 0.895-0.943) in the training cohort. Two external validation cohorts demonstrated the good performance of the nomogram in predicting CLNM, with AUCs of 0.912 and 0.861. The significantly improved net reclassification index and integrated discriminatory improvement index indicated that DECT was a powerful supplement to ultrasound for predicting CLNM. The risk stratification system divided all patients into low-risk (0-50 points), intermediate-risk (51-100 points), and high-risk groups (>100 points)., Conclusions: The nomogram and risk stratification system estimated the utility of CLNM to guide individualized treatment of patients with PTC., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-24-284/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)