Search

Lead free perovskite materials with tandem structures hold the promise of enhanced stability, reduced environmental impact, and increased energy conversion efficiency, paving the way for a greener and more effective future in solar energy. Tandem solar cells play a crucial role in photovoltaic technology, going beyond the traditional limits of Shockley-Queisser constraints and capturing a broader range of the solar spectrum. This research delves into a unique tandem structure, incorporating a lead-free perovskite top cell (methylammonium germanium triiodide or MAGeI3) and a bottom cell composed of Kesterite material copper zinc tin selenide (CZTSe), utilizing SCAPS 1-D simulation. The study thoroughly examines the device’s performance, considering various electron and hole transport layers, their thicknesses, variations in absorber layers thicknesses, absorber layers defect density, and various back contacts to determine the optimal device configuration. Additionally, the impact of temperature, back reflecting coating, and different solar spectra on the proposed structure is analyzed. Among all simulated combinations, the FTO/SnO2/MAGeI3/ZnO: Al/CZTSe/Cu2O/Au configuration emerges as the most efficient, achieving an optimized efficiency of 33.86%. Quantum Efficiency (QE) and J-V characteristics showcase superior performance, featuring a short circuit current (J $_{\mathrm {SC}}$ ) of 17.16 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage (V $_{\mathrm {OC}}$ ) of 2.59 V, and fill factor (FF) of 76.51%. This study highlights the potential of perovskite/kesterite materials in achieving high-performance and environmentally friendly solar cells.

A challenging engineering optimization problem in electrical power generation is the unit commitment problem (UCP). Determining the scheduling for the economic consumption of production assets over a specific period is the premier objective of UCP. This paper presents a take on solving UCP with Binary Slime Mould Algorithm (BSMA). SMA is a recently created optimization method that draws inspiration from nature and mimics the vegetative growth of slime mould. A binarized SMA with constraint handling is proposed and implemented to UCP to generate optimal scheduling for available power resources. To test BSMA as a UCP optimizer, IEEE standard generating systems ranging from 10 to 100 units along with IEEE 118-bus system are used, and the results are then compared with existing approaches. The comparison reveals the superiority of BSMA over all the classical and evolutionary approaches and most of the hybridized methods considered in this paper in terms of total cost and convergence characteristics.

Accelerated cell death 11 (ACD11) is an autoimmune gene that suppresses pathogen infection in plants by preventing plant cells from becoming infected by any pathogen. This gene is widely known for growth inhibition, premature leaf chlorosis, and defense-related programmed cell death (PCD) in seedlings before flowering in Arabidopsis plant. Specific amino acid changes in the ACD11 protein's highly conserved domains are linked to autoimmune symptoms including constitutive defensive responses and necrosis without pathogen awareness. The molecular aspect of the aberrant activity of the ACD11 protein is difficult to ascertain. The purpose of our study was to find the most deleterious mutation position in the ACD11 protein and correlate them with their abnormal expression pattern. Using several computational methods, we discovered PCD vulnerable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACD11. We analysed the RNA-Seq data, identified the detrimental nonsynonymous SNPs (nsSNP), built genetically mutated protein structures and used molecular docking to assess the impact of mutation. Our results demonstrated that the A15T and A39D mutations in the GLTP domain were likely to be extremely detrimental mutations that inhibit the expression of the ACD11 protein domain by destabilizing its composition, as well as disrupt its catalytic effectiveness. When compared to the A15T mutant, the A39D mutant was more likely to destabilize the protein structure. In conclusion, these mutants can aid in the better understanding of the vast pool of PCD susceptibilities connected to ACD11 gene GLTP domain activation.

Objective: This study aimed to introduce a reliable and useful model of selective sensorial or motor denervations of the sciatic nerve in rats with clinical and laboratory outcomes., Methods: The surgical technique was determined via detailed cadaveric dissections of rat sciatic nerve roots and cross-sectional histoanatomy. Forty animals were divided into the sham, sensorial denervation (SD), motor denervation (MD), and combined denervation (CD) groups and evaluated clinically via the pinch test and observation. Electrophysiological tests, retrograde neuronal labeling, and histologic and radiographic studies were performed. The weights of the muscles innervated by the sciatic nerve were measured., Results: The nerve root topography at the L4 level was consistent. Hemilaminectomy satisfactorily exposed all the roots contributing to the sciatic nerve and selectively denervated its sensorial and motor zones. Sensorial denervation caused foot deformities and wound problems, which were more severe in SD than in MD and CD. Nerve histomorphometry, electrophysiological tests, retrograde neuronal labeling studies, and measurements of the muscle weights also verified the denervations., Conclusion: This study has shown the feasibility of selective (sensory or motor) sciatic nerve denervation through a single-level hemilaminectomy. The surgical technique is reliable and has a confounding effect on gait. Sensorial denervation had more severe foot problems than motor and combined denervation in rats.