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Background: Nutrition claims on food labels are used to attract attention to products. Inaccurate claims on ready-to-eat (RTE) snack food products may mislead consumers into consuming a higher volume of a seemingly ‘healthy’ product.Objectives: A study was undertaken to determine the following surrounding the packaging of RTE snack food products: (i) compliance of health and or nutrient claims; (ii) average nutrient content per snack category; (iii) accuracy of the total energy content; (iv) eligibility to make claims once the R429 legislation is implemented.Outcome measures: Nutrient content per 100 g and serving size was analysed. Claims related to nutrient content were audited.Design: An analysis was undertaken of the labels of 93 South African-produced RTE snack food products from 10 categories, displaying health and or nutrition claims.Results: Ninety-one products displayed nutrient content claims. Twenty-three (25.3%) nutrient content claims were noncompliant with the R146 legislation. Twenty-one (22.6%) displayed negative claims, three (14.3%) were ineligible. Eighteen products (19.4%) displayed endorsement claims, four (4.4%) were eligible. Sixty-four products (68.8%) displayed a higher total energy content when applying the conversion factors to the displayed macronutrient values. Only 22 (23.7%) products would be eligible to make health and/or nutrition claims once the R429 legislation is promulgated.Conclusion: A higher proportion of eligible claims were found. More than 70% of food manufacturers will need to make changes to the nutrient content or labels once the R429 legislation is implemented. A two-pronged approach of manufacturer compliance and consumer education may improve food choices and reduce the incidence of obesity and NCDs.

A frozen banana pulp with functional properties was developed and characterized in this work. For this, 0 g, 3 g, 5 g and 7 g of psyllium in 100 g of banana pulp were added. The use of this fiber in industrialized products can contribute to the nutritional enrichment of the products and provide functional benefits already acknowledged, such as lowering LDL cholesterol, lowering blood glucose, increasing satiety and relieving constipation. According to the World Health Organization, vegetable consumption should be increased, as it reduces the risk of chronic diseases. The main purpose of this work was to incorporate psyllium in frozen banana pulp to develop a healthy product. The samples were evaluated through chemical analyses, rheological properties and sensory testing with Check-All-That-Apply questions (CATA). The addition of psyllium had a significant effect not only on the viscosity but also on the sensory and nutritional properties of the frozen banana pulp. This study indicated that the production of frozen banana pulp with psyllium is viable, as it has desirable nutritional and sensory characteristics which can contribute to the maintenance of health.

Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Conventional treatment methods include lifestyle changes and pharmaceutical interventions, but recently Health Canada approved a health claim for whole ground flaxseed as an alternative treatment for hypercholesterolemia. The literature suggests flaxseed lignans are responsible for the cholesterol-reducing effects of flaxseed. In this study, 96.1% secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and a 50% SDG enriched polymer (SDG polymer) were investigated as treatments for hypercholesterolemia in rats. Wistar female rats were fed a 1% high-cholesterol diet for a one-week acclimatization prior to a 23-day intervention with enriched SDG or SDG polymer. A reduction in body weight normalized liver weight was observed in rats treated with enriched SDG when compared to the controls. Both enriched SDG (96.1%) and SDG polymer reduced serum triacylglycerol (19% and 15%, respectively) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (15% and 24%, respectively). Histopathologic analyses revealed lipid-lowering effects of either enriched SDG or SDG polymer along with lower steatosis scores and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity. Furthermore, the lack of statistical significance between SDG and SDG polymer treatment groups suggests that SDG polymer may be a potential alternative to enriched SDG for hypercholesterolemia with similar efficacy but lower cost.

Background The marketing literature suggests that consumers prefer simple messages; however, text clarity—i.e., the extent to which a message is communicated in plain and unambiguous language—has rarely been investigated in the context of health claims. Scope and approach Focusing on extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), this commentary investigates how text clarity affects this product's perceived healthiness, and whether such a perception enhances consumers' intentions to purchase the product and share positive word-of-mouth about it. Furthermore, it investigates whether the degree of arousal—an emotional state of activation—elicited by health claims moderates the effect of perceived healthiness on consumers' intentions. An experiment with 80 participants examined their responses to the four EVOO health claims authorized by the European Union (EU). Participants' arousal was assessed through FaceReader™, while two moderated-mediation analyses assessed the aforementioned effects. Key findings and conclusions Text clarity increased EVOO's perceived healthiness, which in turn enhanced participants' intentions. However, there was an interaction between EVOO's perceived healthiness and arousal, such that perceived healthiness increased participants' intentions when health claims elicited greater arousal. The study is the first to investigate the moderating role of arousal—using an innovative approach based on physiological measures—in the relationships between health claim clarity, perceived product healthiness, and consumers' intentions toward EVOO.

Leila Arfaoui,1 Areej Alkhaldy,1 Ahad Alareeshi,1 Ghadeer AlSaadi,1 Shaima Alhendi,1 Afnan Alghanmi,1 Wejdan Alghafari,1 Mourad Assidi2,3 1Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 2Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; 3Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Leila Arfaoui Tel +966 126401000 (ext. 41612)Email leila.arfaoui@gmail.comBackground: Few studies have investigated the knowledge and attitudes towards the nutrition facts label, the nutrient content and health claims (NHCs) among consumers from different countries/cultures.Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed the knowledge and self-reported use of the nutrition facts label and NHCs among Saudi adults. A total of 722 participants were recruited using an online questionnaire.Results: Total knowledge score was 5.8 ± 2.5/13 points (45%). Approximately, 18%, 77%, and 5% of the participants had low, medium, and high levels of knowledge, respectively. Participants were more knowledgeable on the nutrition facts label (2.6 ± 1.6/5 points) and health claims (2.7 ± 1.2/4 points) versus nutrient content claims (0.5 ± 0.7/4 points). The total use score was 20.1 ± 5.7/30 points (67%); approximately, 2%, 61%, and 37% of the participants were classified as low, medium, and high use level, respectively. Participants’ use of the nutrition facts label, nutrient content claims, and health claims was 10.0 ± 3.1/15, 6.5 ± 2.2/9, and 3.6 ± 1.8/6 points, respectively.Conclusion: This study highlights the need for more education and public awareness programs to enhance consumer knowledge and use of the nutrition facts label and NHCs, and consequently lead to healthy dietary choices.Keywords: health claims, knowledge, nutrition facts label, nutrient claims, nutritional information

We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.

Background: Cannabidiol (CBD) products are increasingly available to consumers in the United States and are subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). CBD products cannot be marketed as unapproved new drugs with claims of therapeutic benefit. In addition, because CBD is the active ingredient in a FDA-approved CBD product, Epidiolex, CBD cannot be marketed as, or in, food products or dietary supplements. The FDA has issued Warning Letters to promote voluntary regulatory compliance. These letters provide insights as to the types of violations for CBD products detected in the U.S. market. Objective: The goal of this retrospective study was to content analyze Warning Letters issued by the FDA to identify illicit marketing of CBD products. Design: Warning Letters issued by the FDA between 2015 and 2019 were content analyzed using a deductive approach. We extracted year of issuance, issuing office, and claim types that are currently prohibited by the FDA, including (i) unapproved new drug, (ii) misbranded drug, (iii) false and/or misleading, (iv) FDA-approved/endorsed, (v) dietary supplement, and (vi) adulterated food product. In addition, we documented the disease or conditions the product claimed to affect, pharmacological effects, and location of violation. Results: Of the 39 Warning Letters issued, 97% were for violations made on company websites and 56% were for social media accounts. Almost all letters (97%) cited violations of marketing CBD as an unapproved new drug. These illicit therapeutic claims were made for >125 unique health problems, including cancer (87.2%), diabetes (71.8%), inflammation (66.7%), pain (66.7%), and arthritis (66.7%). The majority of letters (79.5%) also cited illicit marketing of CBD as a dietary supplement or food product. CBD was promoted as having 16 unique pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory (53.8%), anticancer (43.6%), and antipsychotic (30.8%). Conclusions: CBD products have been unlawfully advertised online as unauthorized drugs with health claims that promote therapeutic benefits and as dietary supplements. Efforts are needed to regulate and monitor illicit advertising so consumers are not misled about the risks and benefits of CBD use.

This study was to evaluate the influence of information on the addition of omega-3 and its health benefits in the acceptance of dairy dessert. The hedonic thresholds methodology was applied in two trials: blind and open-label. In the blind trial, no information was provided to consumers regarding the formulation of the flans. In the open-label trial, consumers received the information on the addition of omega-3 and its health benefits. The value of compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) was not influenced by the information on the addition of omega-3 and its health benefits. However, there was a high increase in the value of hedonic rejection threshold (HRT) when the consumers were informed of the benefits of omega-3, and it was possible to increase the addition of the compound in the flans by up to 21.03% without causing product rejection, confirming the positive effect of information on health benefits in accptance. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de la información sobre la adición de omega-3 y sus beneficios para la salud en la aceptación del postre lácteo. La metodología de umbrales hedónicos se aplicó en dos ensayos: ciego y abierto. En el ensayo ciego, no se proporcionó información a los consumidores sobre la formulación de los flanes. En el ensayo de etiqueta abierta, los consumidores recibieron información sobre la adición de omega-3 y sus beneficios para la salud. El valor del umbral de aceptación comprometido (UAC) no se vio influenciado por la información sobre la adición de omega-3 y sus beneficios para la salud. Sin embargo, hubo un alto aumento en el valor del umbral de rechazo hedónico (URH) cuando se informó a los consumidores de los beneficios del omega-3, y fue posible aumentar la adición del compuesto en los flanes hasta en un 21.03% sin provocando el rechazo del producto, confirmando el efecto positivo de la información sobre los beneficios para la salud en la aceptación. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência das informações sobre a adição de ômega-3 e seus benefícios para a saúde na aceitação de sobremesa láctea. A metodologia de limiares hedônicos foi aplicada em dois ensaios: cego e com informação. No ensaio cego, nenhuma informação foi fornecida aos consumidores sobre a formulação dos flans. No ensaio com informação, os consumidores receberam informações sobre a adição de ômega-3 e seus benefícios para a saúde. O valor do limite de aceitação comprometido (LAC) não foi influenciado pelas informações sobre a adição de ômega-3 e seus benefícios para a saúde. Porém, houve um grande aumento no valor do limiar de rejeição hedônica (LRH) quando os consumidores foram informados dos benefícios do ômega-3, sendo possível aumentar a adição do composto nos flans em até 21,03% sem causar rejeição do produto, confirmando o efeito positivo da informação sobre os benefícios para a saúde na aceitação.

Background:The use of advertising content strategies that suggest consuming a product will confer nutrient- and health-related benefits influences household food purchasing decisions, which increases consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor products. We examined the presence of marketing claims regarding nutrient content, health and nature in ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal packages in relation to the products' nutritional quality.Methods:A cross-sectional content analysis was conducted on 178 RTE cereal packages available in the six largest supermarket chains in four Colombian cities from August to November 2018. The nutritional quality of products was assessed through the nutrient profile model established by the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising law.Results:All products sampled exceeded the regulation threshold for at least one nutrient of concern (e.g., high-in calories and/or sugar). The majority (66.3%) of packages had claims related to nature, 57.3% had nutrient-content claims, and 15.7% had health benefit or risk avoidance claims. Most products with nature, nutrient-content, and health claims were high in energy (99.2, 98.0, and 92.9%, respectively) and sugar (88.1, 87.3, and 92.9%, respectively).Conclusion:RTE cereal products offered in major Colombian supermarket chains are heavily marketed using nutrition- and nature-related claims. Nearly all products with claims are high in energy and sugar, despite the messages conveyed by the claims to consumers. Results support the implementation of mandatory regulations restricting claims on food and beverage products high in nutrients of concern.

Simple Summary Understanding the importance consumers place on pet food product attributes is relevant for marketing managers in food and specialized pet supplies retailers, as this information allows them to identify how to modify or develop products to match the needs and wants of different consumer groups. The study proposes a model that investigates the importance pet owners place on convenience, natural ingredients, and claims on the packaging (such as value and healthiness) as product attributes. Abstract The study provides insights for marketing managers in specialized pet supplies retailers, as well as for vets and animal welfare organizations. This study proposes a model that investigates the importance pet owners place on convenience, natural ingredients, and value and health claims as product attributes. For this purpose, an online survey with a sample size of 206 pet-owning US residents was conducted. Partial least squares structural equation modelling shows that pet food purchase involvement positively impacts subjective and objective knowledge about pet food. Subjective knowledge appears to be the strongest factor impacting the importance consumers place on all three attributes. This is followed by objective knowledge. Socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, income, and education appear to have a limited impact as predictors for the importance consumers place on the product attributes.

Gang Li,1 Alexander Keenan,2 Mehmet Daskiran,1 Maju Mathews,3 Isaac Nuamah,3 Camille Orman,3 Kruti Joshi,4 Arun Singh,3 Annabelle Godet,5 Katalin Pungor,6 Srihari Gopal3 1Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA; 2Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Pennington, NJ, USA; 3Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA; 4Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Titusville, NJ, USA; 5Janssen-Cilag France, Issy-les-Moulineaux, Ile-de-France, France; 6Janssen-Cilag Germany, Neuss, North Rhine-Westphalia, GermanyCorrespondence: Gang LiEisai Inc., 4 Heitz Lane, Hillsborough, NJ, 08844, USATel +1 908 566-2730Email ligang8844@gmail.comPurpose: Relapse and treatment adherence to paliperidone palmitate once-monthly (PP1M) and three-monthly (PP3M) formulations in patients with schizophrenia were evaluated and compared using health claims data.Patients and Methods: Data (June 2015&boxh;June 2018) obtained from the MarketScan® Multi-State Medicaid Database were retrospectively analyzed. Patients aged ≥ 18 years with ≥ 1 claim for schizophrenia diagnosis prior to and/or at index date (i.e., date of first PP3M prescription record for PP3M patients and same month/year as the matched PP3M patients for PP1M patients) and continuous enrollment in the insurance plan for ≥ 12 months prior to index date (baseline) were included. PP1M cohort included patients who received ≥ 4 PP1M doses. PP3M patients were matched with PP1M patients (1:3) using propensity score matching and prevalent new user design. Outcome measures were relapse rate, time to relapse, proportion of days covered (PDC), and level of treatment adherence defined by PDC in five levels. Time to relapse was compared by Kaplan–Meier survival curves and log-rank test with the hazard ratio calculated using Cox proportion hazards model; PDC by t-test, and relapse rate and PDC categories by chi-square test.Results: A total of 1564 patients (428 PP3M and 1136 PP1M) were included. Relapse rate was lower in PP3M cohort (10.5%) compared with PP1M cohort (15.7%). Incidence rate of relapse was 8.98/100 person-years (PY) in PP3M cohort and 13.81/100 PY in PP1M cohort. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 456.1 (240.28) days in PP3M cohort and 465.4 (237.95) days in PP1M cohort, PP3M patients had a significantly lower relapse risk (hazard ratio: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.47, 0.90) than PP1M patients. Treatment adherence was significantly (p< 0.0001) higher in PP3M versus PP1M cohort.Conclusion: Risk of relapse was significantly lower, and treatment adherence was significantly higher in PP3M cohort compared with PP1M cohort. Higher treatment adherence was associated with lower relapse rate.Keywords: health claims, paliperidone palmitate, relapse rate, schizophrenia, three-monthly, treatment adherence

Due to the high proportion of impulse purchases and the short time devoted to purchase decisions, packaging and other extrinsic attributes are becoming increasingly important in demonstrating the health benefits of a functional food item to consumers as plausibly as possible. Our research aims at identifying the role of extrinsic features (claims related to ingredients and health claims, organic or domestic origin, as well as the shape and color of packaging), gathered in the course of in-depth literature analysis, in the case of a functional smoothie. Our online consumer questionnaire was completed by 633 respondents, and the answers were assessed by choice based conjoint analysis. Our results show that each examined attribute plays a role in the assessment of health effects. The color blue has the biggest impact on making the consumer believe in the health benefits of the product. This is followed by the indication of organic origin, then the statement emphasizing the natural quality of the ingredients. The assessment of the specific extrinsic attributes is affected by consumers’ general health interest level, their involvement with food items, and their various demographic features.

Health claims are sentences on the food product packages to claim the nutrition and the benefits of the nutrition. Consumers in different European contexts often have difficulties understanding health claims, leading to increased confusion about and decreased trust in the food they buy.\ud Focusing on this problem, we develop a toolkit for improving the communication of health claim for consumers. The toolkit provides (1) interactive activities to disseminate knowledge about health claims to the public, and (2) an NLP-based analysis and prediction engine that food manufacturers can use to estimate how consumers like the health claims that the manufacturers created.\ud By using the AI-powered toolkit, consumers, manufacturers, and food safety regulators are engaged in determining the different linguistic and cultural barriers to the effective communication of health claims and formulating solutions that can be implemented on multiple levels, including regulation, enforcement, marketing, and consumer education.

This study investigated consumers' perception of labels of burgers with sodium reduction and/or addition of mushroom flavor enhancer. Six visual stimuli were created using a factorial design with sodium content (regular, sodium-reduced, and sodium-reduced plus health claim) and flavor enhancer (monosodium glutamate (MSG) and mushroom extract) as factors. Consumers answered an attitudinal questionnaire and evaluated the stimuli through expected liking and check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions. Three consumers' clusters were identified, which associated positive attributes to labels of burgers with mushroom flavor enhancer and negative attributes to labels of MSG-burgers, regardless of sodium content. The main positive drivers of liking were “I would buy”, “attractive”, “innovative”, “tasty”, and “contain fewer additives”, which were associated with burgers with mushroom flavor enhancer, while “contain additives”, “processed”, “artificial”, “unhealthy”, and “not attractive” were the negative drivers of liking that should be modified in a reformulation to increase liking. This study provides valuable information for the development of healthier burgers and their positioning in the market.

The growing market for healthy foods has contributed to increased interest in communicating the health-related benefits of food products. Health claims are becoming an increasingly used instrument to communicate such benefits. In the European Union, consumer understanding of health claims was set as condition for use in order to protect consumers against misleading claims. However, consumer understanding has received little attention compared to consumer perceptions of claims. Consumers only have limited time in a normal shopping situation, which can impact the meanings they attach to claims. This study’s aim was to examine the effect of time constraints on consumer understanding of health claims and the potential link between understanding and intention to buy. A survey conducted among respondents in Denmark (N = 1483) used a time constraint manipulation and varied the health claim shown to respondents when assessing consumer understanding. The results showed that consumers’ objective understanding is lower under time constraint. Specific inferences were associated with increased intention to buy. Implications for public policy and food industry are discussed.

Introduction: Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disorder characterized by severe, spontaneous bleeding caused by autoantibodies against factor (F)VIII (inhibitors). It is known that onset of AHA is triggered by malignancy, autoimmune disease, dermatological disease, and pregnancy/delivery. As the standard therapy, immunosuppressive therapy (IST) should be started immediately to eliminate inhibitors and hemostatic therapy is also necessary in case of bleeding. Many patients require prolonged bed rest because of the bleeding risk; therefore, it is difficult to determine the best time to start rehabilitation. Additionally, the early deaths and high thrombotic rates are frequently reported in AHA. Since it is a rare disorder, the actual situation has not been fully clarified. This study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical practice of AHA in the real world using a large health claims database in Japan. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study using a health claims database provided by Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd. The data period was Apr. 2008-Mar. 2020. Patients who met all of the following criteria were included; patients with disease diagnosis of AHA; patients were hospitalized on the day of AHA diagnosis; and patients had immunosuppressants on/after the date of the first hospitalization. The first date of hospitalization was set as an Index date. Patients with disease diagnosis code of antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus anticoagulant, acquired factor XIII deficiency, acquired von Willebrand disease, or acquired factor V deficiency were excluded. Treatment/procedure patterns (IST, hemostatic therapy, and rehabilitation) and clinical outcome (Activities of Daily Living [ADL], death, and thromboembolism in the hospitalization) in AHA patients were investigated. Results: The study population of 338 patients (214 males: 124 females) was with the mean age of 75.7 (21-96) years. A total of 105 patients (pts) (31.1%) had concurrent diseases, including malignancy (61 pts, 18.0%), autoimmune diseases (40 pts, 11.8%), and dermatological diseases (18 pts, 5.3%). In bypassing agent use (153 pts, 45.3%), recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) was the most frequently used (129 pts, 38.2%) followed by activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) (36 pts, 10.7%), and plasma-derived factor VIIa and factor X (FVIIa/FX) (14 pts, 4.1%). FVIII agent uses (8 pts) were very few. Median duration of treatment for bypassing agents ranged from 2.5 (FVIIa/FX) to 6.0 (aPCC) days. Steroids alone were used predominantly in the first line for immunosuppression (292 pts, 86.4 %) and oral prednisolone was the most frequently used. The category of rehabilitation most commonly implemented in AHA patients was disuse syndrome (104 pts, 30.8%) followed by locomotor (73 pts, 21.6%) and cerebrovascular (49 pts, 14.5%). Median time (days) from Index date to initiating rehabilitation was 16.5 for disuse syndrome, 23.0 for locomotor, 19.0 for cerebrovascular. In the total ADL scores (Barthel Index) in 196 patients with all 10 items, the proportions of patients with less than 70 points were high at both initial admission and final discharge (47.4% and 38.8%, respectively). The median number of times and length of hospitalization were 1.0 time and 62.0 days, respectively. Of evaluable population (328 pts), thromboembolism during hospitalization was recorded in 15 patients, by type of which disseminated intravascular coagulation (10 pts, 3.0%) was the most frequently recorded. Acute coronary syndrome (3 pts, 0.9%), pulmonary embolism and other (1 pt, 0.3%, each) were fewly recorded. The proportion of deaths during hospitalization was 18.6% (63 pts). Table 1 shows study result summary. Conclusions: This was the first study in a large AHA population using a health claims database in Japan. From an epidemiological point of view, the number of male patients was slightly larger and the mean age was slightly higher compared to the demographics in previous reports. The possible reason is regional variance or data source, whereas, the treatment patterns and the proportion of deaths during hospitalization are mostly aligned with the previous studies. Also this was the first report publishing the data on ADL and rehabilitation in AHA patients. The results showed that it took median 2-3 weeks to start rehabilitation. Further development of treatment strategies to enable early start of rehabilitation is awaited. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Ogawa: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Consultancy. Amano: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; KM Biologics Co., Ltd.: Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bioverativ Inc.: Speakers Bureau; Bayer AG: Speakers Bureau; Shire Plc: Speakers Bureau; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Speakers Bureau; Sanofi S.A.: Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk A/S: Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer Inc.: Speakers Bureau; Japan Blood Products Organization: Speakers Bureau. Matsuo-Tezuka: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Current Employment. Okada: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Current Employment. Murakami: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Current Employment. Nakamura: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Current Employment. Yamaguchi-Suita: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd: Current Employment. Nogami: Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; CSL Behring: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novo Nordisk A/S: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bayer AG: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sanofi S.A.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; KM Biologics Co., Ltd.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. OffLabel Disclosure: Data on the uses of cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, and rituximab for acquired hemophilia may be included in the poster presentation. However, with regard to these drugs, treatments for other diseases may also be included because this study was conducted with a secondary use of a health claims database. Off-label drug use is explained in the poster.

The detailed data concerning multiple sclerosis (MS) epidemiology in Poland are based on studies from few and less populated provinces. Therefore, we evaluated MS incidence and prevalence in Poland using electronic administrative health claims (AHCs) from the National Health Fund.We retrospectively analyzed the AHC financial database collected from 2009 to 2019, encompassing all patients using public health resources. Three different algorithms for identification of MS cases were used: based on studies performed in German population (type 1), tested in the United States (type 2), and one created for the purpose of this study (type 3) that required at least 3 AHCs since 2009 with G35 ICD-10 diagnosis in outpatient specialist care, during hospitalization, and/or at rehabilitation service in any combination within maximally 3 years between the first and the last AHC, and provided that at least one AHC was either in neurological outpatient care or during hospitalization at a neurological ward or prescription of disease-modifying therapy. The American algorithm (type 2) required 3 AHCs within the analyzed year, while the German algorithm (type 1) required only one AHC in the analyzed year.According to the type 3 algorithm, age-adjusted MS incidence and prevalence in 2019 was 6.6 and 131.2 / 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. From 2014 to 2019, the significant trend in increasing prevalence and decreasing incidence of MS was observed (p0.001). Median age of prevalent MS patients was 50 years (interquartile range, IQR 39-61) whereas median age of incident MS cases was 37 years (IQR 28-48). Female-to-male ratio in MS patients was 2.4. According to the type 1 algorithm, age-adjusted MS incidence and prevalence in 2019 was 11.6 and 244.9 / 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Use of the type 2 algorithm resulted in estimated age-adjusted MS incidence and prevalence values in 2019 of 6.2 and 120.1 / 100,000 inhabitants, respectively.Multiple sclerosis incidence and prevalence in Poland are higher than previously reported and similar to the numbers shown for central European countries.

Researchers are nowadays focused on the importance of bioactive compounds (BACs) of natural origin, which are secondary metabolites derived from seeds, food and fermentation-based metabolic products. Several factors such as food matrix, molecule's size, environmental factors and association with gastrointestinal (GI) material, can impede the bioavailability and absorption of these BACs in host cell systems and target sites. Natural BACs like flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, etc. are particularly important for the production of functional foods and medicinal products, which may have industrial relevance also. Thus the isolation of such natural BACs can be promising multifunctional extracts that can be used in food applications to aid health-promoting effects in host cell systems. Sufficient evidences are however required to make a health claim and to promote functional foods in international markets. This review focuses primarily on recent developments and modulatory roles of potential health-promoting food BACs. Analyses on the techno-chemical and physiological features of functional food components are addressed besides discussing their analytical methods, bioavailability and bioaccessibility. The current study also considers the health potential of BACs and their rising demand in form of functional foods in the world.