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Objective: To investigate the role of potential shared mediators in the association of TV viewing and frequency of ultra-processed food consumption with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Data from the Adolescent School-Based Health Survey, a Brazilian nationally representative survey of ninth-grade adolescents conducted in 2015, were used. Participants: 99 791 adolescents (52 015 girls) with a mean age of 14·3 years (range 11–19) participated. All variables were collected through a self-reported questionnaire based on the Global School-Based Student Health Survey. Anxiety-induced sleep disturbance was the outcome. Over 4 h/d of TV viewing and daily consumption of ultra-processed foods were the exposures. Body satisfaction, loneliness, self-rated health and eating while watching TV or studying were mediators. Age, ethnicity, food insecurity, type of city (capital or interior), country region and physical activity were covariates. Logistic regression and mediation models (Karlsson–Holm–Breen method) assessed associations. Results: Both daily ultra-processed food consumption (boys: OR 1·48, 95 % CI 1·30, 1·70; girls: OR 1·46, 95 % CI 1·34, 1·60) and TV viewing (boys: OR 1 24, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·43; girls: OR 1·09, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·19) were associated with higher odds for anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Loneliness and eating while watching TV or studying (only among girls) consistently mediated the association of both daily ultra-processed food consumption (loneliness: boys 17·4 %, girls 23·4 %; eat while watching TV or studying: girls 6·8 %) and TV viewing (loneliness: boys 22·9 %, girls 45·8 %; eat while watching TV or studying: boys 6·7 %, girls 17·9 %) with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Conclusions: Daily ultra-processed food consumption and TV viewing share mediators and can act in synergic mechanisms in the association with anxiety-induced sleep disturbance. Therefore, future interventions should focus in the reduction of both behaviours in combination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developmental period of adolescence is a known transitional life phase with unique risk and protective factors that can affect mental wellbeing outcomes. This, in combination with the pressures and demand of elite sport, make young elite athletes an important population in which positive mental wellbeing can be explored. This study aimed to examine the state of wellbeing, informed by positive psychology and the Positive emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, Accomplishment (PERMA) model of wellbeing, in a cohort of young athletes aged 16-19 years in the Australian setting as part of a model of continuous improvement. The objectives of these aims were to inform the development of a wellbeing curriculum for implementation in the Australian Rules Football talent pathway and to assess whether wellbeing presents differently in young athletes relative to the general school-attending population of that same age. Participants were 608 young Australian footballers participating in the developmental talent pathway during 2020 and 2021. There were 299 young male footballers, and 309 young women footballers who completed data collection. Wellbeing was assessed using the Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, Happiness Measure of Adolescent Wellbeing (EPOCH) which corresponds to the PERMA model of wellbeing, and total mean scores were reported. Engagement and connectedness were similar for the young men and women athletes. Young men reported higher perseverance, optimism, happiness, and overall wellbeing relative to young women. Wellbeing among young athletes appears similar to the general population, however perseverance may be higher among young athletes. These findings form an important component of the continuous improvement model adopted in the football program in that the results informed the development of a tailored wellbeing curriculum program that is reflective of the wellbeing needs of the young athletes., Competing Interests: At the time of manuscript preparation and submission, all authors were employees of the AFL., (© 2024 Couston, Hoare and Hall.)

Numerous observational studies have investigated the role of the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) in chronic disease risk. The aims of this umbrella review and integrated meta-analyses were to systematically synthesize the observational evidence reporting on the associations between the DII and health outcomes based on meta-analyses, and to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for each associated outcome. This umbrella review with integrated meta-analyses investigated the association between the DII and a range of health outcomes based on meta-analyses of observational data. A credibility assessment was conducted for each outcome using the following criteria: statistical heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, evidence for small-study effect and/or excess significance bias, as well as effect sizes and P values using calculated random effects meta-analyses. In total, 15 meta-analyses reporting on 38 chronic disease-related outcomes were included, incorporating a total population of 4,360,111 subjects. Outcomes (n = 38) were examined through various study designs including case-control (n = 8), cross-sectional (n = 5), prospective (n = 5), and combination (n = 20) study designs. Adherence to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern had a significant positive association with 27 (71%) of the included health outcomes (P value < 0.05). Using the credibility assessment, Class I (Convincing) evidence was identified for myocardial infarction only, Class II (Highly suggestive) evidence was identified for increased risk of all-cause mortality, overall risk of incident cancer, and risk of incident site-specific cancers (colorectal, pancreatic, respiratory, and oral cancers) with increasing (more pro-inflammatory) DII score. Most outcomes (n = 31) presented Class III (Suggestive) or lower evidence (Weak or No association). Pro-inflammatory dietary patterns were nominally associated with an increased risk of many chronic disease outcomes. However, the strength of evidence for most outcomes was limited. Further prospective studies are required to improve the precision of the effect size., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.)