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As the economy continues to advance, and the populace's demand for material well-being grows, urban areas are witnessing an increasing need for electricity supply. Substations, playing a pivotal role in the power industry, are proliferating in terms of both quantity and construction scale. Reinforced concrete substation buildings are a common infrastructure that provides a suitable physical environment for the operation of power equipment. A thorough examination and analysis conducted through on-site investigations have unveiled deficiencies in the low-carbon design and operation of substation buildings, resulting in energy wastage and extra carbon emissions. Consequently, this study endeavors to introduce a method for calculating carbon emissions during the operational phase of reinforced concrete structure substations. It also presents corresponding strategies for low-carbon design and operation. These strategies encompass low-carbon design principles for the building envelope structure, the utilization of renewable energy, low-carbon design considerations for artificial lighting, and the implementation of intelligent environmental control systems. The strategies proposed in this research provide valuable ideas for making the power and construction industries more environmentally friendly and energy-efficient.

The traditional inclination measurement method usually measures one-dimensional or two-dimensional inclinations of power transmission towers. This research proposed a method, which is feasible to measure three-dimensional (3D) inclinations using the stereo images of power transmission towers. The main work of this method is the 3D reconstruction of power transmission tower model using stereo images and the calculation of 3D inclinations. As for the 3D reconstruction, a method of calculating the matching cost using a combination of multichannel red–green–blue stereo pairs and Sobel edge detection stereo pairs is proposed to obtain accurate matching cost, and a method of invalid disparity judgment is proposed to detect the invalid disparities in small closed areas; as for the calculation of 3D inclinations, a 3D inclination calculation method is put forward to measure 3D inclinations by rotation and translation of different 3D reconstruction models. The experiment shows that the 3D reconstruction quality is good and the results of the 3D inclinations are accurate, which is of great value in the static or dynamic measurement of 3D inclinations of power transmission towers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]