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This paper focuses on the problem of adaptive integral sliding mode control (ISMC) with dissipativity for a type of complex non‐linear system represented by Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy descriptor models. First, T‐S fuzzy descriptor systems with different derivative matrices are transformed into augmented systems that have the same properties as the original systems, and an integral sliding mode surface function is designed considering the descriptor matrices. Then, based on the dissipativity theory and the non‐parallel distributed compensation (non‐PDC) method, ISMC strategies and dissipativity‐based ISMC strategies are proposed, and the system uncertainties and external disturbances with unknown upper bounds are addressed with an adaptive controller. According to the Lyapunov theory and the dissipativity theory, a fuzzy Lyapunov function is designed, and the obtained criteria are presented in the form of strict linear matrix inequalities (LMIs); this approach guarantees that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically stable and strictly (Q,R,S)−α$(\mathcal{Q},\mathcal{R},\mathcal{S}) - {{\alpha}}$ dissipative. Moreover, the controller gain matrices and Lyapunov matrices are decoupled by introducing the corresponding auxiliary variables and employing Finsler's lemma. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and merit of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) can reduce carbon emissions by powering electric vehicles (EVs) and promoting renewable energy development with grid‐scale energy storage. However, LIB production and electricity generation still heavily rely on fossil fuels at present, resulting in major environmental concerns. Are LIBs as environmentally friendly and sustainable as expected at the current stage? In the past 5 years, a skyrocketing growth of the EV market has been witnessed. LIBs have garnered huge attention from academia, industry, government, non‐governmental organizations, investors, and the general public. Tremendous volumes of LIBs are already implemented in EVs today, with a continuing, exponential growth expected for the years to come. When LIBs reach their end‐of‐life in the next decades, what technologies can be in place to enable second‐life or recycling of batteries? Herein, life cycle assessment studies are examined to evaluate the environmental impact of LIBs, and EVs are compared with internal combustion engine vehicles regarding environmental sustainability. To provide a holistic view of the LIB development, this Perspective provides insights into materials development, manufacturing, recycling, legislation and policy, and beyond. Last but not least, the future development of LIBs and charging infrastructures in light of emerging technologies are envisioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is a fundamental condition for secure communication, and the trust evaluation of participating nodes in quantum communication networks is a prerequisite to guarantee the security of various quantum communication protocols. However, existing quantum trust models are based on a trusted third-party central node to complete trust assessment process, once a malicious attacker successfully attacks the third-party central node, the trust mechanism of the whole quantum communication network will no longer be secure. In this paper, a quantum semi-trust evaluation model with graph-based quantum walk teleportation is proposed to enhance the quantum communication node’s security and privacy. The communication nodes do not need to prepare quantum entangled states in advance, and only simple quantum operation are needed to evaluate each other's node trust values. The quantum circuit diagram required for model building is presented, and the security analysis shows that this model has better anti-attack capability and higher particle efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current automatic recognition method of machine English translation errors has poor semantic analysis ability, resulting in low accuracy of recognition results. Therefore, this paper designs an automatic recognition method for machine English translation errors based on multifeature fusion. Manually classify and summarize the real error sentence pairs, falsify a large amount of data by means of data enhancement, enhance the effect and robustness of the machine translation error detection model, and add the source text to translation length ratio information and the translation language model PPL into the model input. The score feature information can further improve the classification accuracy of the error detection model. Based on this error detection scheme, the detection results can be used for subsequent error correction and can also be used for error prompts to provide translation user experience; it can also be used for evaluation indicators of machine translation effects. The experimental results show that the word posterior probability features calculated by different methods have a significant impact on the classification error rate, and adding source word features based on the combination of word posterior probability and linguistic features can significantly reduce the classification error rate, to improve the translation error detection ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the transformation of the trend of vehicle electrification, the overall noise level in the vehicle is gradually reduced. The problem of low-frequency noise in the vehicle, which was previously ignored, is becoming more and more prominent. To solve the vehicle low-frequency noise problem, a combination of real-vehicle tests and simulation analysis is carried out. During the test, the driver and passengers feel that there is a relatively obvious low-frequency roar noise in the car, which results from the structural radiation noise of the trunk door vibration. Therefore, to solve this problem, we design an acoustic metamaterial with lightweight and miniaturized features based on the local resonance principle of phononic crystals. Firstly, the selection of the resonant unit configuration and the design of the band gap are implemented. Then, the layout planning of the whole vehicle, the layout of the resonance unit and the design of the base frame are implemented. The actual vehicle test results show that: after attaching the designed acoustic metamaterial, the low-frequency noise sound pressure levels in the front and rear of the vehicle were reduced by 2.0 dB (A) and 2.3 dB (A), respectively, meanwhile, the interior noise sound quality was improved. The sound pressure level at the driver's right ear in the car has an abnormal peak of around 35Hz. In addition, the driver and passengers feel that there is a relatively obvious low-frequency roar noise in the car, and through low-pass filtering of the collected signals, it is confirmed that the peak frequency is the main cause of the low-frequency roar in the car. The low-frequency steady-state noise of the car is generally considered to be the low-frequency vibration of the body panel and the radiation occurs. Through the finite element simulation analysis (Grid Participation Analysis) of the abnormal peak frequency, the results show that the low-frequency roar is caused by the low-frequency vibration of the tailgate sheet metal, and the problem peak frequency is not coupled with the acoustic cavity mode. Facing the problem of the low-frequency roar radiated into the car by the vibration of the tailgate sheet metal parts, based on the local resonance band gap theory, we developed a design to suppress the 35 Hz vibration of the tailgate sheet metal parts and meet the characteristics of lightweight and miniaturization. By attaching the acoustic metamaterial to the tailgate and performing CAE simulation of the whole vehicle, it is determined that the structure can indeed reduce the 35 Hz noise in the car and the peak value of the tailgate sheet metal vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the pace of educational reform in colleges and universities, a variety of new types of teaching and research approaches stand out in each subject taught in colleges and universities. For example, in college English lectures, given the practice of individualized tiered teaching, the development of relevant teaching models for students at different levels has become a new type of teaching and research developed year by year. Based on the English classroom program, teachers should make cognizance of the tiered teaching model when teaching. This paper discusses the tiered teaching method of English teaching and carries out teaching from strategies such as paying attention to students' tiered teaching, doing well in lecture tiered teaching, developing homework tiered teaching, and paying attention to evaluation tiered teaching. In addition, the assessment system of college English courses lags behind the development of college English teaching reform and cannot play a guiding role in teaching. In response to the above-mentioned views and problems, this paper proposes a convolutional neural network-based algorithm that provides different learning styles for different students in the stratified teaching method of college English, making capable students understand what they learn in class, improving the teaching quality of high school English courses, and, at the same time, establishing a standardized and scientific course with high reliability and validity that meets the actual situation of applied technical college students. At the same time, a standardized and scientific course assessment system with high reliability and validity has been established to meet the actual needs of applied technical college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The locomotion of a flapping flexible plate with different shapes and non-uniform chordwise stiffness distribution in a stationary fluid is studied numerically. The normalized effective bending stiffness K ∗ for three-dimensional plates with arbitrary stiffness distribution and shape parameters is proposed, and the overall bending stiffness of non-uniform plates with different shapes is reasonably characterized. It is found that the propulsion performance in terms of cruising speed and efficiency of the self-propelled flapping plate mainly depends on the effective bending stiffness. Plates with moderate flexibility K ∗ show better propulsion performance. Meanwhile, both a large area moment of the plate and a flexible anterior are favorable to significantly improve their propulsive performance. The evolution of vortical structures and the pressure distribution on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate are analyzed, and the inherent mechanism is revealed. These findings are of great significance to the optimal design of propulsion systems with different fins or wings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a numerical investigation into droplet dynamics within a flexible constriction using the phase-field lattice Boltzmann method. Our study focused on constriction bending stiffness, Weber number, and constriction-to-droplet diameter ratio. Flexibility impedes droplet passage at low Weber numbers but significantly facilitates it at moderate and high Weber numbers. Passage times decrease with increasing Weber numbers and are proportional to the droplet's maximum deformed length. An anomalous phenomenon is observed: "more haste, less speed." The underlying mechanics arising from the interaction between the flexible constriction and the droplet are elucidated. The findings enhanced our understanding of droplet behavior in constrained environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents an improved sustainable approach to produce high-performance hemicellulose-based biosurfactants for environmentally friendly oily sludge remediation and oil components recovery. The amphipathic hemicellulose derivatives were prepared by hydrothermal extraction from renewable bamboo resources followed by rapid homogeneous esterification with alkenyl succinic anhydrides (C12–C18). The chemical structures of the prepared amphipathic hemicellulose derivatives were analyzed by FT-IR and NMR. The amphipathic hemicellulose derivatives with different hydrophobic chains were used to improve the separation and recovery of oil components from oily sludge in the thermal washing process. The hemicellulose modified with octadecenylsuccinic anhydride (HC-ODSA) exhibited the best oil recovery rate of 79.9%. The results of the interfacial activity, foaming, emulsification, and solubilization tests confirmed that the carbon chain length in the introduced hydrophobic groups exerted a substantial influence on the surface-active characteristics of the prepared amphipathic hemicellulose derivatives. Moreover, the results of desorption kinetics revealed that the amphiphilic hemicellulose molecules can reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water by adsorption at the interface and the petroleum hydrocarbons follow the pseudo-second-order desorption kinetic mode. [Display omitted] • The surface activity of hemicellulose-based biosurfactants was investigated. • The prepared biosurfactants exhibited good oil separate and recovery efficiency. • The sustainable biosurfactants are alternatives to petrochemical-based surfactants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Ethanol-induced acute gastric injury is a prevalent type of digestive tract ulcer, yet conventional treatments strategies frequently encounter several limitations, such as poor bioavailability, degradation of enzymes and adverse side effects. Gallic acid (GA), a natural compound extracted from dogwood, has demonstrated potential protective effects in mitigating acute gastric injury. However, its poor stability and limited bioavailability have restricted applications in vivo. To address these issues, we report a hydrogel constructed only by gallic acid with high bioavailability for alleviation of gastric injury. Molecular dynamic simulation studies revealed that the self-assembly of GA into hydrogel was predominantly attributed to π-π and hydrogen bonds. After assembling, the GA hydrogel exhibits superior anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammatory properties compared with free GA. As anticipated, in vitro experiments demonstrated that GA hydrogel possessed the remarkable ability to promote the proliferation of GES-1 cells, and alleviates apoptosis and inflammation caused by ethanol. Subsequent in vivo investigation further confirmed that GA hydrogel significantly alleviated ethanol-triggered acute gastric injury. Mechanistically, GA hydrogel treatment enhanced the antioxidant capacity, reduced oxidative stress while simultaneously suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced the production of pro-apoptotic proteins during the process of gastric injury. Our finding suggest that this multifunctional GA hydrogel is a promising candidate for gastric injury, particularly in cases of ethanol-induced acute gastric injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The bidirectional knowledge graph of the tire/road airborne sound quality is proposed. • A multitarget prediction method based on the adaptive balanced learning mechanism for ResNet is proposed. • A knowledge- and data-driven method is developed for the prediction and optimization of TRA sound quality. • The proposed method overperformed the conventional prediction and optimization methods in effectiveness and robustness. With the promotion of pure electric vehicles (PEVs), the overall interior noise level has been gradually reduced. Tire/road noise is increasingly becoming noticeable in PEVs and represents a primary concern for passengers. Vehicle acoustic packages are crucial for suppressing tire/road noise, and numerous studies have focused on improving the acoustic package performance and sound quality of tire/road noise. However, the prediction and optimization of tire/road acoustic comfort have two deficiencies: (1) The characteristics and transfer paths of tire/road noise are complex. Using knowledge-driven methods (such as simulation models) and data-driven methods (such as neural networks) for analysis has difficulty in accuracy parameter acquisition and unexplainable models. (2) The sound quality of tire/road noise is multidimensional. In the development of multitarget prediction models, when multiple targets contradict each other, prediction bias may result from wide differences among targets in the gradient value of the loss function in training. Therefore, in this paper, a knowledge- and data-driven method is proposed, which introduces the knowledge graph technique to develop a vehicle tire/road noise knowledge graph architecture and uses an improved residual network to drive reasoning in the domain knowledge graph. In addition, a multitarget prediction method based on the adaptive balanced learning mechanism for a residual network is proposed, which uses the dynamic weighted average method to adaptively adjust the loss weight of each target according to the convergence speed and learning difficulty of each target. The proposed dual-drive method is applied to predict and optimize the performance of vehicle acoustic package and to further improve the multiple sound quality metrics of tire/road noise. In the experimental validation, the proposed method outperforms the traditional prediction and optimization methods in effectiveness and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing remains a considerable challenge due to its complex inflammatory microenvironment. Developing novel wound dressing materials with superior wound repair capabilities is highly required. However, conventional dressing hydrogels for wound healing are often limited by their complex cross-linking, high treatment costs, and drug-related side effects. In this study, we report a novel dressing hydrogel constructed only by the self-assembly of chlorogenic acid (CA). Molecular dynamic simulation studies revealed the formation of CA hydrogel was mainly through non-covalent interactions, such as π-π and hydrogen bond. Meanwhile, CA hydrogel exhibited superior self-healing, injectability, and biocompatibility properties, making it a promising candidate for wound treatment. As expected, in vitro experiments demonstrated that CA hydrogel possessed remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, and its ability to promote the generation of microvessels in HUVEC cells, as well as the promotion of microvessel formation in HUVEC cells and proliferation of HaCAT cells. Subsequent in vivo investigation further demonstrated that CA hydrogel accelerated wound healing in rats through regulating macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, the CA hydrogel treatment enhanced the closure rate, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization while simultaneously suppressing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing the production of CD31 and VEGF during the wound healing process. Our findings indicate that this multifunctional CA hydrogel is a promising candidate for wound healing, particularly in cases of impaired angiogenesis and inflammatory responses. [Display omitted] • CA hydrogel was constructed by self-assembly of chlorogenic acid. • CA hydrogel possessed good cytocompatibility by promoting cell proliferation and migration. • CA hydrogel exhibited excellent anti-inflammation and regulated macrophage polarization properties. • CA hydrogel could significantly accelerate wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To promote the development of a green environment, it is necessary to build a friendly environment for green travel and increase the use of green resources. Methods based on remote sensing image processing and feature analysis have become one of the main ways to obtain ground information, and have been widely used and promoted. Therefore, ground targets the accuracy of object recognition and features have been significantly improved. In the lightweight image of the city, the terrain occupies almost 80% of the buildings and roads. Urban buildings play an important role in supporting the operation, management and planning of the city. An important technology for the construction of digital towns in the future is the city. Building identification, therefore, the research of building identification is more important in the development of the city. With the widespread application of artificial intelligence deep learning and the popularization of smart technologies, the digital images generated by the Internet and mobile smart terminals have exponentially increased. Image data provides users with a comfortable experience and convenient services, but it also brings many challenges. How to filter out the photos we are interested in from a large amount of image data and find the content we need is a data difficulty. In computer vision research, image search systems can solve the problem of searching for the same content in many digital images. This paper applies deep learning and lightweight images to search systems to promote the development of urban building recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a traditionally used packaging material, natural cellulose-based paper has poor barrier properties to water and oxygen, which severely limits its wide application in food packaging. In this study, we report a new sustainable approach to producing hydrophobic, high-barrier, and antibacterial packaging materials from cellulose paper. In this process, commercially available microcrystalline cellulose was first modified by long-chain stearic acid to form hydrophobic microcrystalline cellulose ester and then mixed with stearic acid as filler in the subsequent surface coating of bagasse fibre paper. The microcrystalline cellulose ester/stearic acid-coated paper (MSP) exhibited good water repellency and oxygen barrier activity due to a continuous hydrophobic film that formed, which completely covered the pores of the original bagasse fibre paper. The coated MSP sample also showed excellent dimensional stability in water and a good wet tensile strength of 16 MPa. In addition, poly(hexamethylene guanidine) (PHMG) was chemically grafted onto the free carboxyl groups of the MSP surface layer, and the resulting MSP- g -PHMG samples exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. The biodegradable cellulose-based MSP- g -PHMG sample significantly delayed the decay of raspberry during storage, indicating its potential application in food packaging. • Microcrystalline cellulose-based eco-friendly coating agent for paper surface functionalization • The coated cellulose paper sheet showed good waterproofing, oxygen barrier, and antibacterial properties. • The designed cellulose-based paper sheet is well suited for food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the tribological performance of the oil distribution plate of the plunger pump under dry sliding wear and temperature rise conditions during the start–stop stage and reduce its cost, a polyamide imide (PAI)/polyimide (PI)–Polytetrafluoroethylen (PTFE) coating filled by three different content of tungsten carbide (WC)/Tantalum (Ta) were designed. The composite polymer coating was prepared on the surface of 1010 steel and AS20 aluminum substrate by liquid spraying, and its tribological properties under different temperatures and lubrication media were investigated. The results showed that the tribological properties of the coating were influenced by the hardness of the substrate, the content of the filled particles, the ambient temperature, and the lubricating medium. The hardness of the coating increased with substrate hardness and WC content. Under the condition of sliding wear at room temperature, the wear mechanism was mainly abrasive wear and adhesive wear. The wear rate of the coating decreased with an increase in WC content. The coating with 5% WC addition had the lowest wear rate on 1010 steel and AS20 aluminum substrate. Under the same coating condition, the tribological properties of the 1010 alloy steel were lower than those of the AS20 aluminum. The pear groove and adhesion of the coating increased with temperature. Compared with the CuPb24Sn at 100°C, coating on the surface of 1010 steel significantly reduce the coefficient of friction (CoF) and wear rate. The CoF and wear rate under dry sliding wear were reduced by 57.5 and 8.7% and those under oil lubrication were reduced by 45.7 and 11.1%, respectively. The supporting effect of the matrix, the bonding of the internal particles in the coating, the softening degree of polymer materials such as resin, and the lipophilicity of the coating are the main reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A knowledge- and data-driven approach is proposed for vehicle acoustic package system. • The proposed ALRF-LSTM can decrease and increase the learning rate adaptively. • The proposed MLMO structure can reduce the complexity of the problem. • The acoustic package is optimized through the knowledge-and data-driven method. The sound absorption and sound insulation performance of an acoustic package (AP) system directly affect the noise, vibration and harshness performance of a vehicle. Numerous studies have studied the optimization of vehicle sound package, however, there are two deficiencies in the current research of sound package: (1) The noise transmission path of acoustic package is complex and hierarchical. Most of the related works focus on the data-driven part while ignoring the knowledge attributes behind the acoustic package design problem, which limits the further improvement of prediction and optimization of acoustic package performance. (2) In using intelligent neural networks-based methods such as long short-term memory (LSTM), reducing the learning rate during training gradually narrows the search interval of a solution, and adjusting the learning rate in a small range may tend to trap local optima. In this study, a knowledge- and data-driven approach is proposed for the development of acoustic package systems. A multiple-level multiple-object method is proposed as the knowledge model, and a multilayer structure of the acoustic package system that contains the system, subsystem and component layers is developed. In addition, an improved long short-term memory model based on an adaptive learning rate forest, which can increase and decrease the learning rate adaptively, is proposed as the data-driven model. The knowledge- and data-driven method is applied to optimize the sound absorption and insulation of the acoustic package system. In the experimental validation, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method outperformed the traditional direct mapping method and the conventional long short-term memory method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle interior vibro-acoustical comfort, i.e., noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), is important to consumers and automotive manufacturers because it affects the physical and mental health of passengers and impacts the reputations of automotive manufacturers. Although simulations can predict vehicle interior noise and vibration, acoustic treatment and resulting uncertainty may generate considerable errors between the simulation and actual measurement results. Meanwhile, the recursive invocation of a complex simulation model in an optimization leads to a very time-consuming calculation process. These problems make the optimization of vehicle interior vibro-acoustical comfort a challenge for the automotive industry. In this paper, a new method, the multiobjective interval analysis method, was proposed to solve these problems. To implement this method, we carried out a vehicle road test instead of a complicated simulation model to collect data. The vehicle interior noise and vibration were recorded, and the interior sound pressure level (SPL) and total weighted acceleration root mean square (TWA-RMS) values were calculated and used as objectives. Then, a multiobjective interval analysis method was proposed to compute the midpoint and radius of the objective functions under different uncertainties. The preferred average performance and robustness of the vehicle vibro-acoustical comfort was adjusted by tuning the weighting factor. To accelerate the calculation process, a neural network model was developed as an approximate model to construct the numerical relation between the dynamic parameters and the vibro-acoustic metrics. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method were verified with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabinoglucuronoxylan (AGX), an important carbohydrate polymer in lignocellulosic biomass, contains many functional groups. It has excellent amphiphilic modification properties and has potential application in the separation of oily sludge. In this study, a simple strategy for producing high-performance AGX-based biosurfactants was studied and the raw AGX was extracted from bamboo by hydrothermal treatment. AGX-based biosurfactants with amphiphilic structure were produced by AGX and dodecanal succinic anhydride (DDSA) using rapid homogeneous esterification reactions in deep eutectic solvents (DES). This resulted in a significant reduction in the surface tension of the water from 72.32 to 29.76 mN·m−1. These parameters are similar to those achieved using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a widely employed synthetic surfactant. Other physicochemical properties, including foamability, emulsification activity, stability, solubilization, and detergency were significantly improved compared to the unmodified AGX, demonstrate that AGX-based biosurfactants are promising detergents for oily sludge remediation and oil recovery. The results provide a new pathway for high value utilization of arabinoglucuronoxylan. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicle interior vibro-acoustical comfort, i.e., noise, vibration and harshness (NVH), is important to consumers and automotive manufacturers because it affects the physical and mental health of passengers and impacts the reputations of automotive manufacturers. Although simulations can predict vehicle interior noise and vibration, acoustic treatment and resulting uncertainty may generate considerable errors between the simulation and actual measurement results. Meanwhile, the recursive invocation of a complex simulation model in an optimization leads to a very time-consuming calculation process. These problems make the optimization of vehicle interior vibro-acoustical comfort a challenge for the automotive industry. In this paper, a new method, the multiobjective interval analysis method, was proposed to solve these problems. To implement this method, we carried out a vehicle road test instead of a complicated simulation model to collect data. The vehicle interior noise and vibration were recorded, and the interior sound pressure level (SPL) and total weighted acceleration root mean square (TWA-RMS) values were calculated and used as objectives. Then, a multiobjective interval analysis method was proposed to compute the midpoint and radius of the objective functions under different uncertainties. The preferred average performance and robustness of the vehicle vibro-acoustical comfort was adjusted by tuning the weighting factor. To accelerate the calculation process, a neural network model was developed as an approximate model to construct the numerical relation between the dynamic parameters and the vibro-acoustic metrics. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method were verified with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The construction of TMDs/Gr heterostructures are introduced. • The related properties of TMDs/Gr heterostructures are discussed. • The metal-ion batteries using TMDs/Gr electrodes are comprehensively reviewed. • The thin film electrodes will be a mainstream for the metal-ion batteries. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are graphene-like layered materials with unique structures and characteristics. These structures and properties make them have great potential in the field of electrochemistry, especially heterogeneous TMDs/Graphene (Gr) composites are the ideal energy storage materials with large specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties, high conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. This article systematically reviews the important progress made by the TMDs/Gr heterostructures used in metal-ion batteries recently. The focus is on the construction of TMDs/Gr heterostructures, related physical properties, and their application in metal-ion batteries. The merits and drawbacks of different preparation methods are summarized and discussed. The performance of TMDs/Gr composites as the electrode materials for various metal-ion batteries is reviewed and investigated. This review aims to provide a reference for the electrochemical research of TMDs/Gr composites and outline the prospects and future challenges of them applied to the metal-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft rubber exhibits good adhesive ability, excellent vibrational absorption, and high traction for tribological use. However, rubber wear particles induced by rapid wear of soft rubber are serious problems under special conditions, which could negatively influence the equipment running, the environment, and even human health faster. This paper presents the influence of five variables (the load, velocity, humidity, slip ratio, and braking time) on the emission of tyre wear particle matter (TWPM), which are generated by soft butadiene-styrene rubber tyres against the concrete under braking conditions with a self-developed rolling-contact test machine. The emission quantity of TWPM and their relationships with the rubber wear mechanism were investigated. The results show that the emission quantity and increment of TWPM of 3.0 μm in size (TWPM 3.0) are much greater than those of TWPMs 5.0 and 10.0. Humidity and braking time both have negative correlations with the quantity of TWPM 3.0, while load, velocity, and slip ratio have positive correlations. Abrasive rubber wear results in more severely TWPM emission than fatigue wear does. It is easy for the soft rubber to form Schallamach pattern on its surface and induce severe abrasive wear, which potentially produces more TWPMs. The variables exhibit the following order of influence on the emission of TWPM 3.0: load, slip ratio, velocity, braking time, and humidity. The impact factor of the load is approximately twice as high as that of velocity and slip ratio and three times greater than that of humidity and braking deceleration. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the generation of TWPMs of soft rubber. • Effects of load, velocity, braking time, humidity, and slip ratio on TWPM′ release are discussed. • It is easy for soft rubber to induce severe abrasive wear, producing more TWPM. • Water-lubricated interface and low contact load can remarkably reduce TWPM′ release. • The impact order of variables on TWPM 3.0's release is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focused on wear mechanism of vulcanized rubber under changing loads and sliding velocities, and coefficient of friction (COF) variation induced by friction and wear mechanism at the atomic scale. A self-developed molecular dynamic (MD) model representing classic abrasive wear was built and experiments were also conducted for verification qualitatively. The results show that rubber wear is slighter both at the nanoscale and macroscale with higher sliding velocity and lower load due to lower interface temperature, less probability of adhesion, less contact area and decreasing motion ability of molecular chains. Furthermore, it was verified both by experiment and simulation that with increasing vertical load, friction mechanism leads to lower COF, and wear mechanism leads to greater COF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An improved interval analysis method (IIAM) for uncertain optimization is proposed. • A group paired comparison method (GPCM) is proposed. • The tire/road structure-borne (TRS) noise of PEVs is objectively and subjectively evaluated. • Contribution factors that influence the TRS noise of PEVs are analyzed. • The TRS noise of PEVs is optimized and compared through the IIAM and GA. Without the masking effect of engine noise, tire/road (TR) noise is increasingly becoming noticeable in pure electric vehicles (PEVs) and represents a primary concern for drivers and passengers. Currently, numerous works have studied PEV motor and powertrain noises, but few studies have investigated the tire/road structure-borne (TRS) noise of PEVs. Therefore, in this paper, the sound quality of TRS noise is studied through objective and subjective evaluations, and the group paired comparison method (GPCM) is proposed to evaluate a large noise sample set. The correlation between sound quality metrics and the subjective annoyance of TRS noise is analyzed, and the contribution of chassis dynamic parameters to the TRS noise of PEVs is quantified. In addition, because of the nonlinear transfer and complex characteristics of TRS noise, the expected design results will easily be affected by material, processing and manufacturing uncertainties, which are difficult to process with conventional optimization methods. Therefore, to overcome the uncertainty problem, an improved interval analysis method (IIAM) is proposed. This method is used to optimize the interior TR sound quality of PEVs while treating riding comfort as a constraint. The optimized result of the IIAM is compared with that of the advanced genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method. Through real vehicle verification, the proposed IIAM outperforms the GA method in terms of accuracy and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallic acid (GA) has attracted extensive attention due to its excellent health benefits. Our recent work demonstrated that GA could be self-assembled into hydrogels. However, the poor mechanical properties and rapid degradation of GA hydrogels presented challenges for further applications. In this study, agarose (AG), a water-soluble polysaccharide, was used with GA to develop a double network hydrogel (GA-AG). Physical and chemical tests demonstrated that the GA-AG hydrogel at ratio of 4:5 had the highest cross-linked structure, along with excellent porosity, good water retention and a swelling ratio of 9.72 %. In addition, the cross-linked network structure enabled the GA-AG hydrogel to have good mechanical properties and better viscosity than the pure GA hydrogel. The glass transition temperature of the GA-AG hydrogel increased from 59.49 °C to 65.54 °C, while its disintegration rate decreased from 99.07 % to 64.37 % within 48 h. In vitro tests showed that the GA-AG hydrogel had excellent antibacterial activity and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that this double network hydrogel significantly reduced inflammation and accelerated wound healing in vivo. From the results of our study, we expect that this stable GA-AG double network hydrogel has potential applications in wound healing. • A double network hydrogel was successfully constructed based on agarose and gallic acid. • This hydrogel had excellent biocompatibility, low degradation property and antibacterial activity. • This hydrogel was a promising material for wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stability of the inverted flexible plate with non-uniform stiffness distribution in a free stream is studied by numerical simulation and mathematical theory. In our study, the bending stiffness distribution is expressed as the function of the leading edge's bending stiffness K ∗ and the polynomial of the plate's coordinate. Based on the former theoretical work on the stability of inverted plates with uniform stiffness distribution, we derive the upper limit value of K ∗ at which the zero-deflection equilibrium loses its stability for the plate with non-uniform stiffness distribution. The critical K ∗ derived from the mathematical theory agrees well with that obtained from the numerical simulation. An effective bending stiffness is defined, which can be used to unify the regimes of the motion modes between uniform plates and non-uniform plates. Moreover, three orders of mass ratio [ O (10 − 2) , O (10 − 1) , and O (1) ] are investigated, and the underlying mechanism for large amplitude flapping is clarified for the inverted plate with different mass ratios. An appropriate bending stiffness distribution can greatly improve the deformation of the plate. The findings shed some light on the energy harvesting of the inverted plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly encouraged to enhance their environmental friendliness and safety while maintaining optimal energy density and cost‐effectiveness. Although various electrolytes using greener and safer glyme solvents have been reported, the low charge voltage (usually lower than 4.0 V vs Li/Li+) restricts the energy density of LIBs. Herein, tetraglyme, a less‐toxic, non‐volatile, and non‐flammable ether solvent, is exploited to build safer and greener LIBs. It is demonstrated that ether electrolytes, at a standard salt concentration (1 m), can be reversibly cycled to 4.5 V vs Li/Li+. Anchored with Boron‐rich cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) and mitigated current collector corrosion, the LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) cathode delivers competitive cyclability versus commercial carbonate electrolytes when charged to 4.5 V. Synchrotron spectroscopic and imaging analyses show that the tetraglyme electrolyte can sufficiently suppress the overcharge behavior associated with the high‐voltage electrolyte decomposition, which is advantageous over previously reported glyme electrolytes. The new electrolyte also enables minimal transition metal dissolution and deposition. NMC811||hard carbon full cell delivers excellent cycling stability at C/3 with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 99.77%. This work reports an oxidation‐resilient tetraglyme electrolyte with record‐high 4.5 V stability and enlightens further applications of glyme solvents for sustainable LIBs by designing Boron‐rich interphases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chylothorax is a postoperative complication in patients with lung cancer. Diet-control approaches have been the mainstay for managing this condition. However, a surgical intervention is needed for the patients if conservative treatment is ineffective. Because of the lack of accurate indicators to assess the prognosis of the postoperative complication at an early stage, the criteria of surgical treatment were not consistent. Methods: We reviewed 2942 patients who underwent pulmonary resection and lymph node dissection for primary lung cancer at our hospital between March 2021 and December 2022. The prognostic implications of clinical indicators were assessed in patients with postoperative chylothorax who were managed with a low-fat diet. Binary logistic regression was used to explore the predictive value of these indicators for patient prognosis. Results: Postoperative chylothorax occurred in 108 patients and 79 patients were treated with a low-fat diet management while 29 patients were managed with TPN. In contrast to drainage volume, the pleural effusion triglyceride level after 2 days of low-fat diet exhibited enhanced predictive efficacy in predicting patient prognosis. When the pleural fluid triglyceride level of 1.33 mmol/L was used as the diagnostic threshold for prognosis, the sensitivity and specificity reached 100% and 80.6%, respectively. Conclusions: The pleural effusion triglyceride level after 2 days of low-fat diet can serve as a valuable prognostic indicator in patients undergoing lung surgery and experiencing chylothorax. This predictive approach will help thoracic surgeons to identify patients with poor prognosis in a timely manner and make decision to perform necessary surgical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frictionally induced vibrations in rubber are readily triggered due to their lower stiffness and higher elasticity. This study developed a numerical model to investigate the frictional vibration of a rubber block with a groove on its side surface against an aluminum disc. The results indicate that a backside groove (GB) on the block significantly enhances vibration attenuation, with a decay time 0.6 s faster than a non-grooved (NG) block, despite a potentially higher initial vibrational amplitude. In contrast, a frontside groove (GF) results in persistent frictional oscillations, with the steady-state time being similar for both GB and GF configurations. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the GB's effectiveness in reducing the maximum energy imparted to the block initially, dissipating vibrational energy more swiftly, and distributing the contact stress more uniformly. The discrepancies in frictional forces between the conducted experiment and the simulation for the NG, GB and GF cases were 11.3%, 9.3% and 12.1%, respectively, quantitatively indicating the moderate precision of the results from the simulation. The insights gained from this study hold promise for enriching methods of mitigating vibrations arising from rubber friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In natural photosynthesis, the architecture of multiproteins integrates more chromophores than redox centers and simultaneously creates a well‐controlled environment around the active site. Herein, we demonstrate that these features can be emulated in a prototype hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) through simply varying the proportion of metalated porphyrin in the structure. Further studies demonstrate that changing the metalloporphyrin content not only realizes a fine tuning of the photosensitizer/catalyst ratio, but also alters the microenvironment surrounding the active site and the charge separation efficiency. As a result, the obtained material achieves the challenging overall CO2 reduction with a high HCOOH production rate (29.8 μmol g−1 h−1, scavenger free), standing out from existing competitors. This work unveils that the degree of metalation is vital to the catalytic activity of the porphryinic framework, presenting as a new strategy to optimize the performance of heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In natural photosynthesis, the architecture of multiproteins integrates more chromophores than redox centers and simultaneously creates a well‐controlled environment around the active site. Herein, we demonstrate that these features can be emulated in a prototype hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (HOF) through simply varying the proportion of metalated porphyrin in the structure. Further studies demonstrate that changing the metalloporphyrin content not only realizes a fine tuning of the photosensitizer/catalyst ratio, but also alters the microenvironment surrounding the active site and the charge separation efficiency. As a result, the obtained material achieves the challenging overall CO2 reduction with a high HCOOH production rate (29.8 μmol g−1 h−1, scavenger free), standing out from existing competitors. This work unveils that the degree of metalation is vital to the catalytic activity of the porphryinic framework, presenting as a new strategy to optimize the performance of heterogeneous catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A nonlocal subgrid-scale stress (SGS) model is developed based on the convolution neural network (CNN), which is a powerful supervised data-driven method and also an ideal approach to naturally consider spatial information due to its wide receptive field. The CNN-based models used in this study take primitive flow variables as input only, and then, the flow features are automatically extracted without any a priori guidance. The nonlocal models trained by direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of a turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 178 are accessed in both the a priori and a posteriori tests, providing reasonable flow statistics (such as mean velocity and velocity fluctuations) close to the DNS results even when extrapolating to a higher Reynolds number Reτ = 600. It is identified that the nonlocal models outperform local data-driven models, such as the artificial neural network, and some typical SGS models (e.g., the dynamic Smagorinsky model) in large eddy simulation (LES). The model is also robust with stable numerical simulation since the solutions can be well obtained when examining the grid resolution from one-half to double of the spatial resolution used in training. We also investigate the influence of receptive fields and propose using the two-point correlation analysis as a quantitative method to guide the design of nonlocal physical models. The present study provides effective data-driven nonlocal methods for SGS modeling in LES of complex anisotropic turbulent flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The VP/VS ratio is an important property for understanding magmatic and tectonic processes at passive continental margins as it is an indicator of the crustal composition. To classify the dominant lithologies in the Zhongsha Block, South China Sea (SCS), we present a detailed VP/VS crustal model based on the independent tomographic inversion of P wave and S wave data. The average VP/VS in the crust of the Zhongsha Block is ∼1.77, indicating an overall felsic to intermediate composition lacking remnant magmatic intrusive rocks. The VP‐density relationship from gravity modeling suggests that the lower crust of the extended continental domain contains more greenschist and hence may have experienced metamorphism resulting from an elevated geotherm in the Northwest Sub‐basin either during the syn‐spreading or postspreading stage. The variability of the VP/VS ratio in the continental block is larger than that in the oceanic basin, showing distinct crustal properties. Several low VP/VS ratio anomalies (VP/VS < 1.7) were found near tectonic boundaries and are interpreted to either result from felsic metamorphism during an interval of rifting, or during the migration of magma along faults and cracks in the postrift period. VP/VS ratios occurring in concert with high VP anomalies in the continent‐ocean transition zone support a mafic composition of metapelitic granulite, which was either formed by magmatic intrusions or contact with mantle melting that stem from the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle during the initial break‐up and onset of the seafloor spreading stage in the SCS. Plain Language Summary: The composition of offshore continental crust is a mystery due to the difficulty of sampling rocks from depths of several kilometers below the seafloor. However, this information is crucial to understanding the geological processes that shaped our planet. In this study, we use refraction and wide‐angle seismic data to obtain P wave, and S wave velocity structures, and calculate ratios between the VP and VS across the Zhongsha Block in the South China Sea. Density values derived from gravity modeling are used as an additional constraint. The VP/VS ratio in the continental Zhongsha Block ranges from <1.7 to 1.88, while the oceanic Northwest Sub‐basin yields a more compact ratio of ∼1.81, revealing distinct differences between continental and oceanic crust. Furthermore, our results reveal that the rock type of the continental crust was affected by the magmatism related to the adjacent seafloor spreading activities, leading to a larger degree of alteration of the lower crust from the continental to oceanic domain. Low VP/VS anomalies along the tectonic boundaries of the Zhongsha Block trace historical magma upwelling channels. Detailed analysis of the rock type in passive continental margin provides a comprehensive interpretation of the evolution process from rifting to post‐spreading stage. Key Points: A combined analysis of VP/VS ratios and densities from gravity modeling provides lithological constraints on the Zhongsha BlockThe extended continental crust shows an unusual VP‐density relationship, indicating metamorphic overprinting of the lower crustLow VP/VS ratio anomalies occur within the continental crust and are interpreted as felsic metamorphic rocks and/or felsic dikes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable sweat sensors exhibit significant promise in the realm of smart healthcare. Efficient and non‐contaminating continuous sweat collection, transport, and disposal are crucial for enhancing detection accuracy. In this study, a novel wearable sweat sensor is presented that integrates various biomimetic structures, including cactus‐inspired spine, shorebird‐inspired conical through‐holes, and frog‐foot‐inspired micro‐grooves. These structures facilitate sweat droplets to be automatically transported from the skin to the sensing chamber and discharged without external power. First, theoretical analysis, simulation, and experiments based on self‐driven droplet mechanisms to determine the optimal transport efficiency parameters for biomimetic structures are conducted. Next, a novel sweat transport module is fabricated through ultra‐precision 3D printing according to these optimal parameters. And this module has excellent sweat collection performance contrastively. Finally, the novel biomimetic sweat transport module is integrated with a high‐sensitivity glucose detection electrode, resulting in a wearable sweat glucose detection system. Human experiments monitoring glucose metabolism in sweat verify the correlation between glucose concentrations in blood and sweat, which proves the feasibility of reflecting changes in the body's circulatory system by monitoring changes in sweat composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, function, and diversity. However, limited reports exist on the identification and comparison of AS in Eastern and Western pigs. Here, we analyzed 243 transcriptome data from eight tissues, integrating information on transcription factors (TFs), selection signals, splicing factors (SFs), and quantitative trait loci (QTL) to comprehensively study alternative splicing events (ASEs) in pigs. Five ASE types were identified, with Mutually Exclusive Exon (MXE) and Skipped Exon (SE) ASEs being the most prevalent. A significant portion of genes with ASEs (ASGs) showed conservation across all eight tissues (63.21–76.13% per tissue). Differentially alternative splicing genes (DASGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited tissue specificity, with blood and adipose tissues having more DASGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed coDASG_DEGs in adipose were enriched in pathways associated with adipose deposition and immune inflammation, while coDASG_DEGs in blood were enriched in pathways related to immune inflammation and metabolism. Adipose deposition in Eastern pigs might be linked to the down-regulation of immune-inflammation-related pathways and reduced insulin resistance. The TFs, selection signals, and SFs appeared to regulate ASEs. Notably, ARID4A (TF), NSRP1 (SF), ANKRD12, IFT74, KIAA2026, CCDC18, NEXN, PPIG, and ROCK1 genes in adipose tissue showed potential regulatory effects on adipose-deposition traits. NSRP1 could promote adipogenesis by regulating alternative splicing and expression of CCDC18. Conducting an in-depth investigation into AS, this study has successfully identified key marker genes essential for pig genetic breeding and the enhancement of meat quality, which will play important roles in promoting the diversity of pork quality and meeting market demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NH2-UiO-66(Ti) and NH2-MIL-125(Ti) were successfully prepared by using post-synthesis exchange (PSE) and hydrothermal methods, and then these frameworks were tested for photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production in pure water under visible light. NH2-MIL-125(Ti) exhibits superior activity compared to NH2-UiO-66(Ti) due to its shorter Ti–O bond. In addition, NH2-MIL-125-D (defective) demonstrates a high photocatalytic yield of hydrogen peroxide owing to the presence of defect-rich titanium rich sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-organization of active swimmers is interesting but not fully understood. Lighthill conjectured that the orderly configurations may emerge passively from the hydrodynamic interactions rather than active control mechanism. To further test Lighthill's conjecture, the effect of active control on the propulsive performance of two self-propelled flapping plates in tandem configuration is studied. Different types of external horizontal forces are applied at the leading edge of the following plate. It is found that the collective dynamic and propulsive performance of the two-plate system are mainly affected by the mean value of the external horizontal force rather than its specific form. The two-plate self-propelled system has certain ability to counteract a limited external intervention and maintain the orderly configuration by adjusting the gap spacing between two plates. For a stable configuration, the external intervention hardly affects the propulsion velocity but has a significant monotonic effect on the gap spacing and input work. Further, a simplified model is proposed to relate the external horizontal force to the gap spacing between two plates and verified to be reliable by the numerical results. Moreover, the momentum and energy transferred to fluid are investigated in terms of local vortical structures. It is revealed that the impulse of the wake vortex pair is hardly affected by the external horizontal force, while its kinetic energy and the local dissipative energy vary monotonically with it. These results may shed some light on the understanding of collective behaviors of living swimmers and robotic fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Plackett-Burman factorial experiment was carried out by Design-Expert for 10 related factors. The simulation calibration experiment with JKR contact model was performed based on discrete element method (DEM) with mixed biomass sawdust as the research object. Taken the Box-Behnken experiment together with the steepest climbing test scheme, the parameters of the multi-response indicators were calibrated as follows: the Poisson's ratio of mixed biomass sawdust is 0.30; the density is 399.22kg·m-3; the recovery coefficient between sawdust particles is 0.47; the rolling friction coefficient between sawdust particles is 0.39 and the parameter of surface energy density between sawdust particles (JKR) is 0.29J·m-2. The comparative verification experiments indicate that the relative error of the repose angle is 3.41% and the relative error of the stress-time response curve is less than 6.36%. These results verify the reliability of the calibration method and provide a theoretical reference for the study of the constitutive characteristics of biomass materials and the densification mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At non‐volcanic passive continental margins, seismic techniques often failed to uniquely define the nature of crustal domains. Here, we overcome this problem by studying the structure and composition of the continent‐ocean transition (COT) in the Southwest Sub‐basin of the South China Sea, using P and S wave seismic tomography and Vp/Vs ratios, providing unique constraints on lithology. Throughout the image domain, we can rule out large areas of exhumed mantle as Vp/Vs ratios are always <1.9 in the shallow basement layer. Instead, the COT is characterized by extended and fragmented continental crust, and possibly mafic aggregation at the bottom of the crust. In concert with observations from multichannel seismic reflection data, seismic velocities and Vp/Vs ratios suggest that the oldest oceanic crust was formed by starved magmatism, causing rugged basement, thin crust, nearly absent lower crust, and moderately serpentinized mantle below. Our results reveal that rifting occurred without un‐roofing continental mantle. Plain Language Summary: Traditional P wave velocity is not able to reveal the detailed rock types in the crust or lithosphere, which are crucial for analyzing the structures and geodynamics in non‐volcanic continental margins. In this study, we choose the South China Sea as a case study area, using an effective method to image the Vp/Vs ratio, unraveling the rock type distribution of basalt, gabbro/diabase, serpentinized peridotite in our model from top to bottom. We analyzed the variation of the crustal nature and composition from the continent‐ocean transition zone (COT) to the oceanic basin, revealing that the COT is characterized by magmatic intruded continental crust, while the oldest oceanic domain shows a thin oceanic crust overlying mantle that experienced hydration. Our study provides an integrated seismic study which may become a paradigmatic case study to investigate the blurred area of the COT. Key Points: Vp/Vs ratio obtained by seismic tomography from OBS data is a sensitive tool to constrain lithologies in oceanic basinsLow Vp/Vs ratios in the South China Sea rule out the occurrence of a wide continent‐ocean transition zone of exhumed mantleA magmatic‐affected continent‐ocean transition zone transferring to a thin oceanic domain was revealed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bladder cancer (BC), as one of the most common malignant cancers of the urinary system, has a high incidence and mortality rates. Recently, increasing studies have indicated that exosomes can mediate cellular communication in assorted cancers, including BC. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also been confirmed to take part in the regulation of many cancers. Long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 1133 (LINC01133) is an lncRNA and its roles in several cancers have been revealed. However, the functions of exosomes and LINC01133 in BC are still not elucidated. In our research, functional assays were conducted to evaluate the function of LINC01133, as well as the influence of exosomes and LINC01133 on BC cells. Western blot assay, immunofluorescence assay, electron microscope, and nanoparticle tracking analysis were applied for detecting the characteristics of exosomes. Bioinformatics tools and quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed to test the expression of LINC01133 in BC cells and exosomes of the immortalized human uroepithelial cell line (SV‐HUC‐1). Luciferase reporter assay was performed to measure the activity of the Wnt pathway. We discovered that LINC01133 expression was high in exosomes of SV‐HUC‐1 and low in that of BC cells. Additionally, exosomes restrained cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Similarly, LINC01133 exerted the same function on BC cells. In addition, the Wnt signaling pathway could be inactivated by LINC01133. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that cell growth could be suppressed by overexpressed LINC01133. In short, exosomes‐mediated transfer of lncRNA LINC01133 repressed BC progression via regulating the Wnt signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polyamide-imine/polyimide/epoxy resin polymer coating is prepared on the surface of 20CrMo steel by liquid spraying technology which is used to replace the CuPb24Sn copper alloy in valve plates for pumps. Tribological and anti-cavitation erosive experiments of the polymer coating, 20CrMo steel and CuPb24Sn copper alloy are carried out under oil, oil + seawater + silt mixed environment and seawater + silt environment. The results demonstrate that the deposition coating on 20CrMo steel can effectively replace copper alloy for the valve plate of the pump under oil lubrication, oil + seawater + silt environment. Under oil lubrication, the coating exhibits adhesive wear and its average frictional coefficient is 36.63 % and 8.57 % lower than that of the steel and copper alloy, respectively. Likewise, the coating mainly exhibits abrasive wear under the complex working conditions of seawater + silt + oil and seawater + silt. The soft coating reduces the three-body wear and the three-body frictional loss due to the embeddability. Under the complex conditions of seawater + silt + oil, the cavitation mass loss of the coating is 20 % and 35.48 % lower than that of the steel substrate and copper alloy, respectively. In addition, the cavitation mass loss of the coating is 53.6 % and 62.09 % lower than that of the steel and copper alloy under the condition of seawater + silt, respectively. The main influencing factors of the aforementioned results are the lipophilicity of the coating, the large ratio of hardness to elastic modulus (H/E) and the good corrosion resistance. • The polymer coating on the surface of 20CrMo can replace the expensive CuPb24Sn. • The solid materials in the polymer coating establish a self-lubricating film. • The coating has better lipophilicity and is more protected in silt friction and impact environments. • The coating has the highest H/E value, and absorbs the energy generated by bubble breakage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are an important source of microplastic pollutants, but no feasible technologies have been developed to limit emissions. In this study, a novel and practical approach was proposed to capture tire wear particles. A principal channel and an auxiliary channel were set up and investigated by an aerodynamic vehicle model with patterned tires. The results showed that the TWP concentration is the dominant factor of the capture entrance setup for obtaining a high capture ratio. With the use of this approach, the highest capture ratio reached 48.5%. The principal channel could capture approximately 2–3 times more TWPs than the auxiliary channel. The TWP capture ratio of the front channel was higher than that of the rear channel due to the wheel cover structure and higher wind pressure. The obtained findings could help develop and enrich the capturing methodology for fresh TWPs to reduce the induced pollution. [Display omitted] • The proposed approach is practical, and a maximum of 48.5% of TWPs can be captured. • The TWP concentration is the dominant factor to the channel entrance setup. • The front channel captures more TWPs than the rear channel. • The principal channel captures 2–3 times more TWPs than the auxiliary channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continental blocks complicate the pre-rift lithospheric inheritance of passive continental margins, hence exert unique influences on rifting process. Along-strike rifting contrasts of the continental margins may reflect the pre-rift crustal heterogeneity and segmented rifting processes. A wide-angle seismic profile acquired on the Xisha Block, the northwestern margin of the South China Sea (SCS), provides the first constrains on the along-strike crustal structures of the continental block. Seismic imaging of the profile reveals a continental crust with relatively uniform thickness of about 22 km and the thickness ratio of the upper crust to lower crust at 0.8. Crustal stretching factor is approximately 1.5, and high-velocity anomalies are absent in the lower crust. Crustal velocities of the upper and lower crust are approximately 5.4–6.5 km/s and 6.6–6.9 km/s, respectively. The results indicate that the Xisha Block underwent slight and uniform extension during rifting, and the crust has not suffered from strong magmatic activities that formed extensive magmatic underplating. As a rigid continental block, the Xisha Block has retarded the rifting onset and shortened the process from lithospheric rifting to breakup in the northwestern SCS margin. Hypothetic models for the rheological heterogeneity of the inherited crust are proposed tentatively to interpret the contrasting distribution of the high velocities in the lower crust along the northern SCS margin. • The along-strike crustal structures are presented of the Xisha block in the NW South China Sea (SCS) continental margin. • The Xisha block underwent slight and uniform deformation under the lithospheric extension during rifting. • Rigid continental blocks contributed to the along-strike segmentation of rifting in the northern SCS continental margin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By processing the vertical component data of OBS2019–2, a wide angle seismic line situated adjacent to the Liyuexi Trough in the Nansha Block of the South China Sea (SCS), we obtained a crustal model of P-wave velocity structure beneath the line and acquired information about the deep crustal structure in the Liyuexi Trough region. However, the lithology remains to be fully constrained. This paper presents the results of processing the horizontal component data of OBS2019–2 to obtain the S-wave velocity structure model and Vp/Vs ratios. The results show that the Vp/Vs ratios of sedimentary layer range from 1.90 to 4.60, while the corresponding S-wave velocities range from 0.4 to 1.8 km/s. As for the crust, the Vp/Vs ratios fall between 1.70 and 1.89, while the S-wave velocities range between 2.9 and 4.2 km/s. The lithological compositions of oceanic crust from top to bottom may consist of basalt, diabase, and gabbro. In contrast, the lithologies of continental crust transition from felsic to mafic downwards, including andesite, granodiorite, granite, greenschist, and anorthosite. The rock compositions of the Continent-Ocean Transition (COT) region are intermediate between the continental and oceanic crusts, exhibiting transitional features. The rock composition of the high-velocity layer (HVL) in the lower crust may consist of amphibolite, and the presence of magma intrusions and underplating in this region could be associated with the Zhongnan-Liyue Fault. Compared to the Dongsha Block, the lithologies of the Liyue Block and Zhongsha Block are more similar, indicating a higher possibility of conjugation between the Liyue Block and the Zhongsha Block. • S-wave and Vp/Vs profiles were developed near the Liyuexi Trough in the southern continental margin of the South China Sea. • The formation of the thin high-velocity layer composed primarily of amphibolite was related to the Zhongnan-Liyue Fault. • The Liyue Block is inferred to be conjugated more likely with the Zhongsha Block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts located close to the extinct spreading ridge (ESR) in the South China Sea (SCS) have provided fundamental insight into postspreading magmatism. Long debates on the source and evolutional process of the postspreading seamounts are due to the lack of detailed structural crustal constraints. Here, we present three-dimensional (3D) crustal thickness and the Moho geometry of the Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts and their surrounding area by forwarding and interpolating P-wave forward velocity structures along 14 seismic refraction and wide-angle profiles. We analyzed the variation in crustal velocity and thickness from the waning stage of seafloor spreading to the postspreading magmatism stage. Results show that the original oceanic crust, with an average thickness of 4.5 ± 0.7 km, is characterized by thin lower crust, thick upper crust, and low crustal velocity, compared with Atlantic oceanic crust, reflecting reduced magma supply and intense tectonic fracturing. Both the Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts show high extrusion to intrusion ratio (2.6 and 2.7) and low P-wave velocities in the upper crust, indicating that extrusive processes are dominant during the postspreading volcanism in the SCS. The total magma volumes for building Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts are estimated to be 4995 km3 and 3674 km3, respectively, with a related volume flux of ∼0.032 m3/s and ∼ 0.023 m3/s. These values are larger than those of Longnan seamount (2884 km3, 0.018 m3/s) but smaller than those of plume-derived seamounts. The relationship between average lower crustal velocity and crustal thickness also indicates that the postspreading magma may not be caused by the higher degree of mantle melting driven by elevated temperature, but by multiple lower degree of melting caused partly by the enriched mantle. • Seismic structures of the Zhenbei and Huangyan seamounts based on refraction data. • Original oceanic crust is thin with low velocity. • Extrusion to intrusion ratios of post-spreading seamounts are close to 3. • Magma flux of post-spreading seamounts is smaller than plume-derived seamounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel thick panels origami-inspired flexible grasper is designed. • The grasper has the interference resistance. • The influence of the connection mode of each joint of the grasper was analyzed. • The process of the grasper working in confined spaces was analyzed. • Resistance interference experiments and grasping experiments were carried out. This paper designs a flexible grasper (GXU-F-Grasper) inspired by thick panel origami. This grasper can change its shape to fit the working environment according to any structure in the surrounding space. It also has stronger interference resistance compared to rigid graspers and more stable grasping compared to flexible graspers. First, the difference of finger recovery capacity under different connection modes of thick panel origami is analyzed based on the geometric relationship. Then, the boundary conditions under which the grasper needs to change its grasping posture in a complex interaction environment are analyzed. Finally, GXU-F-Grasper single-finger resistance to interference experiments and narrow space grasping object experiments were conducted. Experiments have shown that the GXU-F-Grasper has grasping stability in unstructured and confined environments and interference resistance. This paper provides a new strategy for the grasper to grasp objects stably in a complex interaction environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The clinical relevance of circulating tumor cell-white blood cell (CTC-WBC) clusters in cancer prognosis is a subject of ongoing debate. This study aims to unravel their contentious predictive value for patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 2022. Eligible studies that reported survival outcomes and examined the presence of CTC-WBC clusters in solid tumor patients were included. Hazard ratios (HR) were pooled to assess the association between CTC-WBC clusters and overall survival (OS), as well as progression-free survival (PFS)/disease-free survival (DFS)/metastasis-free survival (MFS)/recurrence-free survival (RFS). Subgroup analyses were performed based on sampling time, treatment method, detection method, detection system, and cancer type. Results: A total of 1471 patients from 10 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The presence of CTC-WBCs was assessed as a prognostic factor for overall survival and PFS/DFS/MFS/RFS. The pooled analysis demonstrated that the presence of CTC-WBC clusters was significantly associated with worse OS (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.74–3.40, P < 0.001) and PFS/DFS/MFS/RFS (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.49–2.24, P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses based on sampling time, treatment method, detection method, detection system, cancer type, and study type consistently supported these findings. Further analyses indicated that CTC-WBC clusters were associated with larger tumor size (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.58–4.44, P < 0.001) and higher alpha-fetoprotein levels (OR = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.50–4.22, P < 0.001) in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, no significant association was found between CTC-WBC clusters and TNM stage, depth of tumor invasion, or lymph node metastasis in the overall analysis. Conclusions: CTC-WBC clusters are negative predictors for OS and PFS/DFS/MFS/RFS in patients with solid tumors. Monitoring CTC-WBC levels may provide valuable information for predicting disease progression and guiding treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an electrochemical–thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (ETHM) coupling model by introducing the electrolyte flow field into the model of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). First, the ETHM coupling model is established on the basis of the electrochemical–thermal–mechanical (ETM) coupling model and poroelasticity model. Then, the ETHM coupling model for the discharge of LIBs is numerically resolved and verified against the ETM coupling model using the commercial 11.5 Ah LiMn2O4 battery as an example. Subsequently, the flow and deformation characteristics (such as the Darcy's velocity, the pore pressure, the Péclet number, and the volumetric strain) are analyzed. The results suggest that the electrolyte does flow during the operation of LIBs. Furthermore, the electrolyte flow is governed by the internal pore pressure gradient induced by the poroelastic effect. The electrolyte flow behavior is also influenced by the boundary conditions. The findings in this study are of benefit to obtain in-depth understanding of the coupling mechanisms among the electrolyte flow field and the stress (strain) field, the temperature field, and the electrochemical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Key Ecological Function Zones (NKEFZ) serve as crucial ecological security barriers in China, playing a vital role in enhancing ecosystem services. This study employed the theoretical framework of ecological benefits assessment in major ecological engineering projects. The primary focus was on the ecosystem macrostructure, ecosystem quality, and key ecosystem services, enabling quantitative analysis of the spatiotemporal changes in the ecosystem status of the NKEFZ from 2000 to 2019. To achieve this, remote sensing data, meteorological data, and model simulations were employed to investigate five indicators, including land use types, vegetation coverage, net primary productivity of vegetation, soil conservation services, water conservation services, and windbreak and sand fixation services. The analysis incorporated the Theil–Sen Median method to construct an evaluation system for assessing the restoration status of ecosystems, effectively integrating ecosystem quality and ecosystem services indicators. The research findings indicated that land use changes in NKEFZ were primarily characterized by the expansion of unused land and the in of grassland. The overall ecosystem quality of these zones improved, showing a stable and increasing trend. However, there were disparities in the changes related to ecosystem services. Water conservation services exhibited a decreasing trend, while soil conservation and windbreak and sand fixation services showed a steady improvement. The ecosystem of the NKEFZ, in general, displayed a stable and recovering trend. However, significant spatial heterogeneity existed, particularly in the southern region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and at the border areas between western Sichuan and northern Yunnan, where some areas still experienced deteriorating ecosystem conditions. Compared to other functional zones, the trend in the ecosystem of the NKEFZ might not have been the most favorable. Nonetheless, this could be attributed to the fact that most of these areas were situated in environmentally fragile regions, and conservation measures may not have been as effective as in other functional zones. These findings highlighted the considerable challenges ahead in the construction and preservation of the NKEFZ. In future development, the NKEFZ should leverage their unique natural resources to explore distinctive ecological advantages and promote the development of eco-friendly economic industries, such as ecological industry, ecological agriculture, and eco-tourism, transitioning from being reliant on external support to self-sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applied concentrated xylose (60–250 g/L) medium to produce butanol (acetone butanol ethanol, or ABE). A control batch fermentation of 61 g/L initial glucose using Clostridium beijerinckii P260 resulted in a productivity and yield of 0.33 g/L·h and 0.43 g/g, respectively. Use of 60 g/L xylose in a batch system resulted in productivity and yield of 0.26 g/L·h, and 0.40 g/g, respectively. In these two experiments, the culture fermented 89.3% glucose and 83.6% of xylose, respectively. When ABE recovery was coupled with fermentation for continuous solvent removal, the culture fermented all the added xylose (60 g/L). This system resulted in a productivity and yield of 0.66 g/L·h and 0.44 g/g, respectively. When the sugar concentration was further increased above 100 g/L, only a small fraction of the sugar was fermented in batch cultures without product removal. However, with simultaneous product removal, all the xylose (150 g/L) was fermented provided the culture was fed with nutrients intermittently. In this system, 66.32 g/L ABE was produced from 150 g/L xylose with a productivity of 0.44 g/L·h and yield of 0.44 g/g. Using the integrated culture system allowed sugar consumption to be increased by 300% (150 g/L). The continuous system using xylose as a feed did not sustain and after 36 days (864 h) of fermentation, it produced only 2–3 g/L ABE. Rather, the culture became acidogenic and produced 4–5 g/L acids (acetic and butyric). This study suggested that xylose be fermented in batch reactors coupled with simultaneous product recovery rather than in continuous reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]