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Background: The lifelong administration of immunosuppressants remains the largest drawback in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Therefore, developing alternative strategies to minimize the long-term use of immunosuppressive agents is crucial. This study investigated whether full-spectrum bright light therapy (FBLT) combined with short-term immunosuppressant therapy could prolong VCA survival in a rodent hindlimb model., Methods: Hindlimb allotransplantation was conducted from Brown-Norway to Lewis rats, and the rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 did not receive treatment as a rejection control. Group 2 received FBLT alone. Group 3 was treated with short-term antilymphocyte serum (ALS) and cyclosporine A (CsA). Group 4 was administered short-term ALS/CsA combined with FBLT for 8 weeks. Peripheral blood and transplanted tissues were collected for analysis., Results: The results revealed median survival time of FBLT alone (group 2) did not increase allograft survival compared with the control (group 1). However, in group 4, FBLT combined with short-term ALS/CsA, median composite tissue allograft survival time (266 days) was significantly prolonged compared with groups 1 (11 days), 2 (10 days), and 3 (41 days) ( P < 0.01). Group 4 also showed a significant increase in regulatory T cells ( P = 0.04) and transforming growth factor-β1 levels ( P = 0.02), and a trend toward a decrease in interleukin-1β levels ( P = 0.03) at 16 weeks after transplantation as compared with control (group 1)., Conclusions: FBLT combined with short-term immunosuppressants prolonged allotransplant survival by modulating T-cell regulatory functions and antiinflammatory cytokine expression. This approach could be a potential strategy to increase VCA survival., Clinical Relevance Statement: Full-spectrum light therapy could be a potential strategy to increase vascularized composite allotransplant survival., (Copyright © 2023 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.)