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U radu će se iznijeti rezultati istraživanja o čovjekovu odnosu s prirodom (prirodnim okolišem), odnosno o načinu ljudskoga ophođenja prema prirodi u suvremeno doba, te o problemima koji su nastali ili još uvijek nastaju podvrgavanjem prirode čovjeku u znanstveno-tehničkoj civilizaciji i (post)industrijskom globalnom društvu. Sāmo istraživanje bit će provedeno u metodološkom obrascu integrativne bioetike, gdje središnju ulogu igra filozofija, ali se nužno susreće i plodotvorno nadopunjuje s pristupima drugih znanstvenih polja. Kroz analizu i kritiku antropocentrizma kao svjetonazora i kapitalizma kao ekonomsko-socijalno-političkog modela nastojat će se dokazati neodrživost navedenih »izama« s obzirom na njihov (negativan) utjecaj na prirodu i ljudsku egzistenciju te ukazati na potrebu promjene načina razmišljanja o prirodi i ophođenja prema prirodi na niti vodilji (etike) odgovornosti. Kao primjer neodrživosti razmatrat će se problem privatizacije vode (»vodnih resursa«) u svijetu. The research is based on the methodological principles of integrative bioethics – interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, pluriperspectivity and integrativity. The material used for the preparation of the work is the literature from diverse areas: primarily philosophical works, but also works from the fields of sociology, religious sciences, economics and political science, as well as legal documents and various reports. Materials, i.e. literature materials, were processed using critical, comparative, analytical, analogical and synthetic methods. The introductory part of the work contains an explanation of the basic framework of the work and the context for considering the main topic of the work, as well as definitions of concepts and terms necessary for the implementation of the research. The first part of the work deals with the relationship between the British colonial settlers and the natives from the 18th century, their different understanding of the relationship between human beings and nature, and the example of the Whanganui River in New Zealand, which is understood as a living being and declared a person and certain rights are recognized (Te Awa Tupua /Whanganui River Claims Settlement/ Act, 2017; The Whanganui River Report, 1999). The second part of the work deals with the causes of the ecological crisis. It shows the difference between pre-industrial and industrial society in the understanding of the human and the nature, and their relationship, how Christianity and ecology are connected, and the modern understanding of nature based on the works of René Descartes and Francis Bacon. In the third part of the paper, the question of anthropocentrism and biocentrism as an example of monocentrism is discussed, as well as the concept of deep ecology. In the fourth part of the work, the value of water is discussed through instrumental, intrinsic and systemic value. Also, the role of the mental subject is re-examined. Through the theoretical approaches of liberalism of John Rawls and John Stuart Mill, the state’s role in protecting the environment and human health is re-examined, as well as the change in the understanding of natural and social primary goods, and the question of responsibility towards future communities is introduced. In the fifth part of the work, the corporate politics of capitalism and the neoliberal state are discussed, during which the new term ‘corporocentrism’ is introduced, and the example of the British monarchy as a corporation is discussed. With this in mind, the assessment of the object’s value is re-examined, and the question is raised whether possessing an intrinsic value is essential for establishing a moral obligation in terms of biodiversity. In the sixth part of the paper, the development of capital accumulation concerning corporations and corporate logic in the context of neoliberalism and human relationship to nature and natural resources is considered. In order to articulate the problem of biodiversity protection, the need for a multi-view is introduced instead of the monocentric ones discussed earlier. In the seventh chapter, the concepts and roles of ownership and rights are discussed through examples of different ways of understanding the aforementioned concepts among British settlers and Māori natives, paradigmatic wars for water, theories of water rights, criticism of neoliberalism and privatization of natural resources. In the eighth chapter, the concept of responsibility and the concept of corporate social responsibility are discussed. The chapter deals with the codes used to determine corporate social responsibility, and the UN Global Compact code is an example. The philosophical discipline ecological ethics, which studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment, the value of the environment as a system and all members of that system, which sets the demand for environmental protection, is also introduced into the discussion while referring to the concept of human responsibility towards non-human nature. Aldo Leopold’s land ethic is discussed as an example of proto-ecological ethics, and Hans Jonas’s principle of responsibility is examined through the subchapter on biocentrism. In the ninth part of the paper, the development of bioethics as a new discipline is discussed, as well as the distinction between new medical ethics and bioethics, and the reason for establishing new ethics. The origin and development of bioethics are presented through the work of Van Rensselaer Potter and Fritz Jahr. Also, the methodological pattern for considering and solving the previously mentioned problems is dealt with, namely, the methodological practice of integrative bioethics, in which the issues of life, manipulation of life and maintenance of life are approached in an interdisciplinary and pluriperspective manner. In doing so, it is shown that the advantage of integrative bioethics compared to other bioethical approaches to the problem of life and manipulation of life in the modern age is that it does not only take into account issues related to clinical practice, health care, biological, biomedical and pharmaceutical research, but also issues related to other living beings and nature as a whole. The main features of integrative bioethics – multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, pluriperspectivity and integrativity – enable, namely, the broadest overview and maximally effective resolution of the problem of privatization of natural assets of responsibility in the age of globalization. In the final part of the paper, the results of the aforementioned research are summarized, and the philosophical problems related to the privatization of natural resources and the question of responsibility in the age of globalization are extracted and analyzed. This refers, above all, to considering and proving the thesis that the main problem of modernity is the problem of “centrism”: whether the ethical (and then social-political) authority is placed in the human being (classical anthropocentrism) or corporations (neoliberal capitalism).

This article combines a brief overview of the theoretical approach of the Vienna School of Social Ecology with a report on the results of a long-term study on the coincidence of countries’ first access to fossil fuels with social revolutions. The theoretical approach views societies in a system-theoretical perspective as hybrids of materiality and meaning, with "social metabolism" and "colonization of nature" as key links. Historical changes in the energy metabolism of societies are viewed as key drivers of change in social organization, distinguishing broadly between foraging and agrarian societies, both solar based energetically, but distinct by the latter applying elaborate colonization technologies that allow for higher energy returns at the price of a higher labor burden, the emergence of cities, and land-based steep social hierarchies. Finally, we report on a series of studies on the coincidence of countries’ access to fossil fuels as allowing a transition to industrial societies, again on a much higher energy level. The very early transition phase ("critical energy transition period"), as we show empirically for a large number of countries worldwide across the past 500 years, was typically marked by what we characterize as social revolutions. Finally, we ask what societal changes a next energy transition, required to avoid catastrophic climate change, will bring about., Historical Social Research Vol. 48, No. 1 (2023)

AIM To examine the interconnection between the rise of modern industrial agriculture, the Anthropocene epoch, and impacts on human health. To examine the impact of the emerging field of regenerative agriculture in addressing the mounting negative planetary and human health challenges. METHODS Structured interviews in social research for a PhD with over 80 regenerative farmers and industrial farmers in the field; and subsequent interviews with 40 other farmers. Literature search into the rise of modern human and animal diseases, the Anthropocene, and cognitive and paradigm change. RESULTS As Earth slips further into the human-caused Anthropocene epoch due to The Great Acceleration post-1950, there is a directly connected exponential rise in modern human diseases. Despite the emergence of Western agriculture and modern industrial society, our bodies are still adapted to the environment of our Palaeolithic past. Industrial agriculture and harmful agricultural practices are stripping essential nutrients from our foods while also lacing them with novel chemicals we are not adapted for. Consequently, the functioning of our gut microbiome has become destabilised. Evidence continues to mount that this is a key reason behind the exponential rise of many modern diseases. CONCLUSION To address what constitute evolutionary mismatch diseases due to cultural Dysevolution, a return to healthy regenerative agriculture, with foods rich in diverse nutrients and free of novel chemicals, provides a clear pathway to begin healing both the planetary systems and humans.

The world community’s shift from an industrial society to an information one has significantly affected all types of citizens’ political activity. More and more such forms are carried out by information and communication technologies and get constitutional and legislative foundations due to their importance for developing e-democracy and ensuring the political rights and freedoms of citizens. It is an important part of constitutional mechanisms for implementation of political rights as a part of e-democracy. The aforementioned issues are relevant not only from a theoretical point of view, but also in the praxeological aspect. To come to a common understanding of how information and communication technologies can positively support democratic processes such as improving government through engaging citizens in decision-making, this essay concerns the topic of influence of electronic participation on sustainable governance of country.

This study on the sociology of communication in industrial society is motivated by the heterogeneity and complexity of the social and cultural diversity of the employees of PT Indorama Synthetics Tbk Purwakarta. With the background of the social and cultural diversity of the employees, the purpose of this study is to identify and describe the following two things: First, the social system of industrial society; Second, the communication pattern of industrial society. This study is based on the theory of Gemeinschaft & Gesellschaft from Ferdinand Tonies and Primary & Secondary Communication from Onong Uchjana Effendy. This study belongs to the type of qualitative research with case study methods and subjective approaches. Data collection in this study was carried out by means of observation and interviews. Based on the results of the analysis of the data collected, two important findings were obtained, namely: First, the social system of industrial society is Gesselschaft; Second, the communication pattern of industrial society is primary communication. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the development of the study of the sociology of communication. The results of this study are recommended for sociology academics, communication practitioners, and researchers who are interested in the study of the sociology of communication, as a basic reference and practical guide in further researching industrial societies and similar groups of people. Keywords: Sociology of Communication, Social Systems, Communication Patterns, Industrial Society

China’s position as one of the most powerful nations in the world is undisputed. However, in an evolving landscape, China’s utilisation of a path-dependent business system may hinder the ability of the country’s institutions to undergo necessary change, which will have important implications for international business literature. Through business system theory, empirical evidence and a mixed methods approach, we discuss China’s business system explaining how the system may impair sustainable growth and the transformation required by a less dependent industrial society. Our research suggests that the Chinese business system is still very arrested due to its recent past, and the Chinese Communist Party has only partial interest in improving some of the most important bases for the development of modern enterprises, even if fostering a somewhat liberal economic approach. Since similar political (authoritarian) and economic (liberal) approaches are found elsewhere, we theorise on what we called an authoriliberal economic approach.

Since the Industrial Revolution, a new era has arisen as the Anthropocene, in which human actions have become the main driver of global ecological crises outside the stable environmental state of the Holocene. During the Holocene, environmental change occurred naturally and Earth’s regulatory capacity maintained the conditions that enabled human development. By contrast, oil-dependent industrial society has exerted ecological crises. Agrobased society, in which almost all demands of human can be supported by agriculture, might be the ultimate solution industrial society facing ecological crises, in which there is a paradigm shift from the general and unlimited economic growth pursued by virtue of oil dependence to agrobased growth. The substitution of agrobased society for industrial society is an evolutionary result of Negation, it is a negation of materialized industrial society. The core feature of agriculture is to use organisms as production objects and rely on life processes to achieve production goals. The substitution of agrobased society for industrial society is the precondition for a sustainable carbon cycle, breaking through resource shortage, alleviating the environmental pressure of economic development. Meanwhile, it is feasible for the substitution of an agro-based society for an industrial society associated with the development of bio technologies and environmental awareness.

The history ofdevelopmentis closely tied toneedin today’s world. Criticism of this link has grown in recent years, but perhaps it is Ivan Illich who made the most profound criticism in what he calledan epilogue to post-industrial society. Illich’s proposal, scattered throughout nearly all his work, implies takingneedas a humanistic or philosophical concept: neither economics nor psychology can exhaust the meaning ofneed. This paper tries to re-contextualize Illich’s thinking for the present, as it has been taken as a basis for social and political movements such as anti-consumerism (satisfaction of needs) or degrowth groups (against all kinds of economic development). In short, Illich can be considered a heretic against the gospel of development., La historia deldesarrolloestá estrechamente ligada a la de lanecesidaden el mundo contemporáneo. La crítica a esta articulación ha ganado fuerza en los últimos años, pero quizás la más profunda se encuentre en Ivan Illich y suepílogo a la sociedad postindustrial. La propuesta de Illich, diseminada a lo largo de toda su obra, implica tomar el concepto denecesidaddesde un punto de vista humanístico o filosófico: ni la economía ni la psicología pueden agotar el significado de lanecesidad. Este artículo trata de recontextualizar el pensamiento illicheano, de amplia repercusión en la actualidad porque sirve de base para movimientos sociales y políticos en contra del consumo (satisfacción de necesidades) y del desarrollo (teorías decrecentistas). En definitiva, se puede considerar a Illich como un hereje frente al evangelio desarrollista.

Indigenous communities have a particular stake in climate and energy developments, and have come to occupy a central role in both the movement toward decarbonization of industrial societies and renewable energy transition. Yet they remain underrepresented and excluded from climate policy processes. This paper critically evaluates the case of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to foster inclusive decision-making, with a specific focus on the place of Indigenous peoples in these processes. We demonstrate the ways in which the IPCC provides limited voice for Indigenous peoples in the Panel’s deliberations. We argue the IPCC’s disregard for Indigenous knowledges – and Indigenous peoples – arises from a configuration of structural problems within the governance of decarbonization and the politics of knowledge production. We conclude the IPCC faces on-going challenges in supporting the democratic functioning of climate decision-making, including in upholding Indigenous peoples’ internationally recognized human rights as political actors.

En este trabajo se analizan algunos rasgos institucionales de la política pública para la sociedad industrial. Se estudia la gobernanza de las exposiciones económicas, se pone el foco en el perfil biográfico de los ministros de fomento y de los miembros de las comisiones y jurados españoles en las exposiciones de las décadas centrales del XIX, se describe la intensidad de la acción gubernamental. El sistema de las exposiciones cuenta con un modelo de gobernanza multinivel y multisectorial, unas de iniciativa estatal y otras de la sociedad civil, un ejemplo de colaboración público-privada, en el que, en el ámbito público, destaca un núcleo formado por José Caveda, Alejandro Oliván y Francisco de Luxán. Fecha de envío / Submission date: 31/12/2020 Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 6/02/2021

Bu çalışma, Armand Mattelart’ın iletişimin uluslararasılaşması üzerine yaptığı katkıları, nitel tarihsel bir yaklaşımla ele almaktadır. İletişimin uluslararasılaşmasının çoğunlukla, küreselleşme söyleminin yerkürede yayıldığı 1980’li yılların koşullarından hareketle açıklandığı bilinmektedir. Ancak alana özgü olan pek çok konu gibi, iletişimin uluslararasılaşması da yakın geçmişe bakarak anlaşılamaz. Bu noktada, önemli akademik duraklardan biri olan Armand Mattelart’ın düşüncelerine yakından bakmak son derece önemlidir. Çünkü Mattelart, iletişimin uluslararasılaşmasını tarihsel bir analizle 1980’lerin çok daha gerilerine götürür. Ona göre, iletişimin uluslararasılaşmasının temelinde yer alan iki toplumsal gelişme, sınırsız bir alan peşine düşen “Keşif” yolculukları ve Aydınlanmadır. Bu gelişmeleri, endüstrileşme ve neo-liberal politikalar eşliğinde kuralsızlaştırma süreci takip eder. Mattelart, toplumların yaşadığı değişim sürecini, kehanetsel kentten küresel topluma ifadeleriyle dillendirir ve iletişimin uluslararasılaşmasını, bütüncül bir bakış açısıyla, süreci izlediği dönemlerin ekonomik yapıları ve bu yapıların temel ideolojilerinin incelikli analiziyle birleştirerek ele alır. Armand Mattelart’a göre, tarihin birbirinden çok farklı dönemlerinde, iletişim alanındaki ya da teknolojideki büyük sıçramalar hem ekonomik krizlere çare olmakta hem de küresel bir topluluğun kardeşçe yaşamasının ve demokrasinin teminatı olarak kabul görmektedir., This study examines the contributions of Armand Mattelart to the internationalization of communication through a qualitative historical approach. It is known that the internationalization of communication is mostly explained by the conditions of the 1980s when the globalization discourse spread worldwide. However, like many field-specific issues, the internationalization of communication cannot be understood by looking at the recent past. At this point, it is extremely important to take a closer look at the thoughts of Armand Mattelart, one of the important academic figures. Mattelart takes the discussions about the internationalization of communication much further back than the 1980s with a historical analysis. According to him, the two social developments at the heart of the internationalization of communication are the "Discovery" journeys that examine an unlimited space and the Enlightenment. These developments are followed by industrialization and the deregulation process accompanied by neo-liberal policies. Mattelart describes the change process of societies with expressions such as from the prophetic city to the global society. He examines the internationalization of communication with a holistic perspective, combining the internationalization process with the economic structures of the periods he observed and a detailed analysis of the basic ideologies of these structures. According to Armand Mattelart, in different periods of history, great leaps in the field of communication or technology both remediate economic crises and are accepted as the guarantee of democracy and the fraternal life of a global community.

The film The Survivalist portrays a dystopic world, wherein the most valuable asset is seeds. The 'seeds' metaphor applies both in the context of agriculture and in that of fecundity. The Survivalist's hostile hospitality toward a pair of nomads -- a mother and her daughter -- results in the pregnancy of the latter. In the last raid on his compound, the Survivalist allows the daughter to escape at the expense of his own life. This sacrifice manifests a severe critique against the preference given today to the well-being of the individual at the expense of the survival of the species.

Problem setting. Active information exchange, which is carried out in all spheres, becomes the basis of human activity of the information society, and education – the sphere of social relations that facilitates adaptation of a person to dynamic changes in the conditions of spreading intensive information flows. There is a necessity for introducing widespread innovations in the educational process. In this context, it is important to develop the communicative function of education, which is dominant in modern educational processes and contributes to the formation of creative personality and, in addition to providing knowledge transference, it also provides the conditions for exchanging opinions and views and expressing own positions and thoughts. Recent research and publications analysis. The formation and development of information society were initiated in the works of P. Draker, M. McLuen, M. Castels, E. Toffler and others. Numerous scientists were considering theoretical and practical aspects of the process of communication in conditions of information society and devoted their works to the issue, among them there are the following foreign and domestic scientists: Y. Habermas, and N. Luman, F. Kotler, P. Smith, M. Taylor, R. Voitovych, L. Horodenko, D. Konyk, O. Komarov, M. Lashkin, H. Pocheptsov, I. Fedorov and others. Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. In spite of the considerable interest of scientists in the mentioned issues, in the studied literature, insufficient attention is paid to the development of the communicative function of education, which becomes dominant in modern educational processes and contributes to the formation of a creative personality capable of effective professional activity in the conditions of development of the information society. The paper aims at studying the communicative function of education and substantiating the dominant characteristics of education in conditions of forming information society. Paper main body. The dynamics of modern complex social processes spreading requires highlighting education as a defining sphere of social relations, which promotes human adaptation to the conditions of the information society, the development of leading technologies of perception, processing and dissemination of information. Highlighting the communicative function of education as dominant is conditioned by the specificity of the contemporary cultural space on the basis of a strategy of cross-cultural communication, which is clearly manifested in transformations in the educational systems. Education translates and transforms new communication technologies, becoming a dominant centre that facilitates interaction between different elements of society. Today, to ensure the effective implementation of the communicative function of education, it is necessary to use all the most accessible means of communication. Such means include, in particular, information and communication technologies related to the creation, storage, transmission, processing and management of information. The spread of new communications and the emergence of the Internet have become one of the major processes that have a significant impact on the educational sphere of public relations and promote the use of innovative information and communication technologies. In an online society, new information technologies help to make knowledge and information more accessible. New forms of education are emerging, the information support of which is provided on the “basis of the tool of modern information systems of education” using the information opportunities of Internet technologies and network communication. Unlike offline communication, online communication equalizes participants, giving them the opportunity to communicate openly and express themselves. The openness of the educational field and the readiness to changes and the willingness to communicate determine the dominant role of the communicative function of education in the conditions of the information society. This, in turn, leads to a change of the dominant characteristics of industrial society education. Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. While carrying out the study there was found out that changes occurring in the education system are because of the fact that: – education turns into a continuous process of learning and self-development of a personality throughout one’s life; – traditional forms of organization of educational activity, methods and technologies of training are changing according to the requirements of the information society; – the development of scientific and innovative activity in education takes place; – the quality of learning on an innovative basis is improving; – the importance of the communicative function of education is increasing. According to the changes that are taking place in the educational sphere, there are defined the following dominant characteristics of education in the conditions of becoming an information society: dynamics, openness, accessibility, adaptiveness, heredity, communicativeness. Thus, the basic characteristics of education, as an absolute and obligatory condition for the creation of an intellectual basis of the information society, and the dominant role of the communicative function of education will allow not only preserving the system of classical values of education but also forming a modern person, prepared for successful professional activity following the requirements of modern times. Further scientific research may concern the analysis of implementing innovations in the educational process, in particular, ensuring the innovatization of the communicative process in the educational sphere.

Family as a concept is flexible, thus prone to changes concerning the needs of the modern industrial society. Roles within the family are structured following the contemporary conditions, following the emancipation of women, reduction in the male workforce due to mechanization, and increased presence of grandparents as caregivers, due to increased life expectancy. The main objective of this scientific work is to analyse relevant standpoints regarding the function and sustainability of family, while taking into account external influences such as economic status, political situation, as well as societal norms and values. The identification of these challenges helps us determine the extent to which family structure and function is able to adopt to rapid globalisation that is taking place. Globalization is opening many doors, giving us freedom of choice in terms of family structure and roles, while simultaneously forcing us to find our identity through labeling ourselves as “this”, “that”, or “the next best alternative”. Higher living standards constrain our possibility of choice, as fewer children mean less economic burden, but more attention is spent on them. The boomerang effect of childhood is what emphasizes the importance of a stable home.

The circular economy appears as a kind of opposite perspective to the ubiquitous “paradox of resources”, one of the foundations of the traditional industrial society. It represents the establishment of sustainable development and Industry 4.0. It is based on smart production, an increased supply of services, and improved management of production resources, all of which make it one of the basic elements of global state competitiveness. Although often neglected in the past, the need for conscientious exploitation of resources and environmentalism are gradually becoming the direction of policy development at the highest level, as both governments and international organizations have recognized the risks of late response to imminent challenges to economic and social growth. The European Union acknowledged the problem by presenting the legislative package as well as strategic documents Europe 2030 and the European Green Deal, which also oblige the Republic of Croatia to act as one of the member states. Based on a comparison of available statistical data, the paper focuses the presence of the circular economy as one of the indicators of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Croatia. Finally, the paper points to difficulties regarding transformation from a linear to a circular model of the economy.