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Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection mostly involving the ocular region, sinuses and brain. It is mostly seen in the immunocompromised host. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis is rare and mostly present as hematemesis, abdominal pain and melena. Here, we present a case of intestinal mucormycosis who presented as cecal perforation. Surgical resection was done, and the diagnosis was made by histopathology. Our case is unique in the way that GI mucormycosis is itself a rare entity and even rarer in an immunocompetent host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been scarcely reported in the veterinary literature. Its presence can be asymptomatic or associated with various clinical signs ranging from apathy, vomiting, to abdominal pain. This report illustrates the presence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the jejunum of an adult dog. It is the first to describe severe anemia, requiring acute blood transfusion, following intestinal hemorrhage caused by heterotopic gastric mucosa. Case presentation A twelve-year-old, intact male Maltese dog was presented with a history of apathy, vomiting and anemia. The dog was on a strict diet for recurrent diarrhea, food intolerance and skin allergy. Clinical examination revealed severe anemic mucous membranes and painful abdominal palpation. Blood examination confirmed severe regenerative anemia. Ultrasonography showed an intestinal neoplasm, gall bladder sludge and non-homogeneous liver parenchyma. Three-view thoracic radiographs failed to show any metastatic lesions or enlarged lymph nodes. After initial stabilization and blood transfusion, a midline exploratory laparotomy was performed. Three different masses were found in the jejunum. Resection and anastomosis of approximately 40 cm of jejunum was performed, followed by liver and lymph node biopsy and placement of an esophagostomy tube. Two days after surgery the dog started to clinically improve and was discharged from the hospital on the sixth day after surgery. Histopathology revealed the intestinal masses to be heterotopic gastric mucosa associated with intramural cystic distensions, multifocal ulceration and bleeding into the intestinal lumen. Two years after surgery, the dog did not have a recurrence of anemia or gastrointestinal signs. Conclusions This case demonstrates that heterotopic gastric mucosa can be considered one of the differential diagnoses in case of severe anemia due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage and suspected intestinal tumors. Although in most described cases in literature the finding seems to be incidental on necropsy, our report shows that heterotopic gastric mucosa can be the etiology of life-threatening signs. In addition, because no recurrent diarrhea episodes occurred after surgical resection of the ectopic tissue, it is likely that the heterotopic gastric mucosa was the cause of the food intolerance signs in this dog.

Background: Heterotopic gastric mucosa has been scarcely reported in the veterinary literature. Its presence can be asymptomatic or associated with various clinical signs ranging from apathy, vomiting, to abdominal pain. This report illustrates the presence of heterotopic gastric mucosa in the jejunum of an adult dog. It is the first to describe severe anemia, requiring acute blood transfusion, following intestinal hemorrhage caused by heterotopic gastric mucosa. Case presentation: A twelve-year-old, intact male Maltese dog was presented with a history of apathy, vomiting and anemia. The dog was on a strict diet for recurrent diarrhea, food intolerance and skin allergy. Clinical examination revealed severe anemic mucous membranes and painful abdominal palpation. Blood examination confirmed severe regenerative anemia. Ultrasonography showed an intestinal neoplasm, gall bladder sludge and non-homogeneous liver parenchyma. Three-view thoracic radiographs failed to show any metastatic lesions or enlarged lymph nodes. After initial stabilization and blood transfusion, a midline exploratory laparotomy was performed. Three different masses were found in the jejunum. Resection and anastomosis of approximately 40 cm of jejunum was performed, followed by liver and lymph node biopsy and placement of an esophagostomy tube. Two days after surgery the dog started to clinically improve and was discharged from the hospital on the sixth day after surgery. Histopathology revealed the intestinal masses to be heterotopic gastric mucosa associated with intramural cystic distensions, multifocal ulceration and bleeding into the intestinal lumen. Two years after surgery, the dog did not have a recurrence of anemia or gastrointestinal signs. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that heterotopic gastric mucosa can be considered one of the differential diagnoses in case of severe anemia due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage and suspected intestinal tumors. Although in most described cases in literature the finding seems to be incidental on necropsy, our report shows that heterotopic gastric mucosa can be the etiology of life-threatening signs. In addition, because no recurrent diarrhea episodes occurred after surgical resection of the ectopic tissue, it is likely that the heterotopic gastric mucosa was the cause of the food intolerance signs in this dog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basidiobolomycosis is a rare tropical fungal infection that affects mainly the skin. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is extremely rare, especially in the pediatric age group with no history of immune deficiency diseases. Patients and methods: Our patients have been diagnosed and managed between 2016 and 2019; diagnoses have been confirmed by histopathology. Results: Six children were analyzed: 1 female and 5 males. Their age range was 15 months to 6 years of age. All patients came from Jazan governance, southwestern Saudi Arabia. None of the patients had a history of immune deficiency diseases. They all had a high level of eosinophil, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein. Three of them were diagnosed initially with GIT mass, 2 with acute appendicitis, and one with intussusception. Most of them were subjected to surgical procedures before definitive diagnosis: 2 had mass resection and 4 had a stoma. Only one case was diagnosed by simple biopsy, with no laparotomy, which reflects the difficulty of direct diagnosis of disease. All patients were managed properly post definitive diagnoses with antifungal and recovered completely. Conclusion: GIB is generally a lethal fungal infection, which can affect even immunocompetent individuals. Patients with GIB can present with variant complaints: constipation, vomiting, abdominal distention, or simply a palpable mass. Proper investigation, including complete blood count, ESR, and radiological examination, can prevent unnecessary surgery and catastrophic surgical management. Pediatric patients can recover completely after receiving antifungals if diagnosed early.

Basidiobolomycosis is a rare tropical fungal infection that affects mainly the skin. Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis (GIB) is extremely rare, especially in the pediatric age group with no history of immune deficiency diseases. Our patients have been diagnosed and managed between 2016 and 2019; diagnoses have been confirmed by histopathology. Six children were analyzed: 1 female and 5 males. Their age range was 15 months to 6 years of age. All patients came from Jazan governance, southwestern Saudi Arabia. None of the patients had a history of immune deficiency diseases. They all had a high level of eosinophil, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein. Three of them were diagnosed initially with GIT mass, 2 with acute appendicitis, and one with intussusception. Most of them were subjected to surgical procedures before definitive diagnosis: 2 had mass resection and 4 had a stoma. Only one case was diagnosed by simple biopsy, with no laparotomy, which reflects the difficulty of direct diagnosis of disease. All patients were managed properly post definitive diagnoses with antifungal and recovered completely. GIB is generally a lethal fungal infection, which can affect even immunocompetent individuals. Patients with GIB can present with variant complaints: constipation, vomiting, abdominal distention, or simply a palpable mass. Proper investigation, including complete blood count, ESR, and radiological examination, can prevent unnecessary surgery and catastrophic surgical management. Pediatric patients can recover completely after receiving antifungals if diagnosed early. • Voriconazole has a quick and good effect on disease. Early diagnosis helps avoid unnecessary operative management. • Before resecting intestinal mass in pediatric age group, a biopsy is mandatory to roll out other causes such as fungal mass. • Restoration of complete health in Gastrointestinal basidiobolomycosis can be achieved if treatment is initiated early. • Tihama plains has the highest rate of cases all over the world, needs more awareness of the disease among health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]