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Introduction : Advances in technology and technique have led to a significant improvement in the prognosis after cataract surgery. However, there are complications that can significantly affect this prognosis, such as posterior capsule rupture and corneal decompensation. For vitreous prolapse associated with posterior capsule rupture, classic or pars plana anterior vitrectomy is required. Aim : The aim of the study was to compare corneal endothelial cell destruction after cataract surgery associated with posterior capsule rupture and classical and pars plana anterior vitrectomy, respectively. Material and method : The study was prospective, on 12 consecutive cases of cataract surgery associated with posterior capsule rupture. Classical anterior vitrectomy was performed in group A, with 5 patients, while pars plana anterior vitrectomy was performed in group B. For all cases, the Stellaris phacoemulsification device (Baush & Lomb, tm) and the associated vitrectomy device was used. Results : Pars plana anterior vitrectomy had a statistically significant lower rate of corneal endothelial damage, both in absolute value and as a percentage of initial density. Conclusions : Pars plana anterior surgery is a somewhat unfamiliar technique for anterior pole surgeons. But it is easy to learn and brings a decrease in the rate of damage to the corneal endothelium., (© The Authors.Romanian Society of Ophthalmology.)