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The "free drug hypothesis" assumes that, in the absence of transporters, the steady state free plasma concentrations equal to that at the site of action that elicit pharmacologic effects. While it is important to utilize the free drug hypothesis, exceptions exist that the free plasma exposures, either at

Supplementary Figure 1: Serum levels of AMA-MMAE in mice. Supplementary Figure 2: Correlation plot of tumor growth inhibition versus specific tumor uptake. Supplementary Table 1: Overview results. Supplementary Table 2: Tumor growth inhibition study of mice bearing OVCAR3-X2.1 cells comparing the efficacy of 5mg/kg and 20mg/kg doses

Supplementary Figure 1 Legend from Use of a Peptide Derived from Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus for the Noninvasive Imaging of Human Cancer: Generation and Evaluation of 4-[18F]Fluorobenzoyl A20FMDV2 for In vivo Imaging of Integrin αvβ6 Expression with Positron Emission Tomography

Expression of the epithelial-specific integrin αvβ6 is low or undetectable in most adult tissues but may be increased during wound healing and inflammation and is up-regulated dramatically by many different carcinomas, making αvβ6 a promising target for the in vivo detection of cancer using noninvasive imaging. In addition, αvβ6 is recognized as promoting invasion and correlates with aggressive behavior of human cancers and thus agents that recognize αvβ6 specifically in vivo will be an essential tool for the future management of αvβ6-positive cancers. Recently, we identified the peptide NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVART (A20FMDV2), derived from foot-and-mouth disease virus, as a potent inhibitor of αvβ6. Using flow cytometry and ELISA, we show that this peptide is highly selective, inhibiting αvβ6-ligand binding with a IC50 of 3 nmol/L, an activity 1,000-fold more selective for αvβ6 than for other RGD-directed integrins (αvβ3, αvβ5, and α5β1). A20FMDV2 was radiolabeled on solid-phase using 4-[18F]fluorobenzoic acid, injected into mice bearing both αvβ6-negative and αvβ6-positive (DX3puro/DX3puroβ6 cell lines) xenografts and imaged using a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanner. Rapid uptake (5 h) of radioactivity in the αvβ6-positive versus the αvβ6-negative tumor, together with fast renal elimination of nonspecifically bound activity, resulted in specific imaging of the αvβ6-positive neoplasm. These data suggest that PET imaging of αvβ6-positive tumors is feasible and will provide an important new tool for early detection and improved management of many types of cancers. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7833–40]

Supplementary Figure 1 from Use of a Peptide Derived from Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus for the Noninvasive Imaging of Human Cancer: Generation and Evaluation of 4-[18F]Fluorobenzoyl A20FMDV2 for In vivo Imaging of Integrin αvβ6 Expression with Positron Emission Tomography

Supplementary Methods, Table, Figures 1-4 from Targeted In vivo Imaging of Integrin αvβ6 with an Improved Radiotracer and Its Relevance in a Pancreatic Tumor Model

The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a well-validated modality for the cell-specific delivery of small molecules with impact expanding rapidly beyond their originally-intended purpose of treating cancer. However, antibody-mediated delivery (AMD) remains inefficient, limiting its applicability to targeting highly potent payloads to cells with high antigen expression. Maximizing the number of payloads delivered per antibody is one key way in which delivery efficiency can be improved, although this has been challenging to carry out; with few exceptions, increasing the drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) above ∼4 typically destroys the biophysical properties and

ZED8 is a novel monovalent antibody labeled with zirconium-89 for the molecular imaging of CD8. This work describes nonclinical studies performed in part to provide rationale for and to inform expectations in the early clinical development of ZED8, such as in the studies outlined in clinical trial registry NCT04029181 [1].Surface plasmon resonance, X-ray crystallography, and flow cytometry were used to characterize the ZED8-CD8 binding interaction, its specificity, and its impact on T cell function. Immuno-PET with ZED8 was assessed in huCD8ZED8 selectively binds to human CD8α at a binding site approximately 9 Å from that of MHCI making mutual interference unlikely. The equilibrium dissociation constant (K

Cancer immunotherapies (CITs) have revolutionized the treatment of certain cancers, but many patients fail to respond or relapse from current therapies, prompting the need for new CIT agents. CD8To this end, we discovered and developed a 13-kDa single-domain antibody (VHH5v2) against human CD8 to enable high-quality, same-day imaging with a reduced radiation burden. To enable sensitive and rapid imaging, we employed a site-specific conjugation strategy to introduce anThe anti-CD8 VHH, VHH5v2, demonstrated binding to a membrane distal epitope of human CD8 with a binding affinity (KOur work reveals the potential of this anti-human CD8 VHH [