29 results on '"Jens, Eickhoff"'
Search Results
2. TrkB-mediated sustained neuroprotection is sex-specific and $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α -dependent in adult mice following neonatal hypoxia ischemia
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Vishal Chanana, Margaret Hackett, Nazli Deveci, Nur Aycan, Burak Ozaydin, Nur Sena Cagatay, Damla Hanalioglu, Douglas B. Kintner, Karson Corcoran, Sefer Yapici, Furkan Camci, Jens Eickhoff, Karyn M. Frick, Peter Ferrazzano, Jon E. Levine, and Pelin Cengiz
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Sex differences ,Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy ,Hypoxia ,Ischemia ,Neonate ,Brain injury ,Medicine ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Background Neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) related brain injury is one of the major causes of life-long neurological morbidities that result in learning and memory impairments. Evidence suggests that male neonates are more susceptible to the detrimental effects of HI, yet the mechanisms mediating these sex-specific responses to neural injury in neonates remain poorly understood. We previously tested the effects of treatment with a small molecule agonist of the tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB), 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) following neonatal HI and determined that females, but not males exhibit increased phosphorylation of TrkB and reduced apoptosis in their hippocampi. Moreover, these female-specific effects of the TrkB agonist were found to be dependent upon the expression of $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α . These findings demonstrated that TrkB activation in the presence of $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α comprises one pathway by which neuroprotection may be conferred in a female-specific manner. The goal of this study was to determine the role of $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α -dependent TrkB-mediated neuroprotection in memory and anxiety in young adult mice exposed to HI during the neonatal period. Methods In this study, we used a unilateral hypoxic ischemic (HI) mouse model. $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α +/+ or $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α −/− mice were subjected to HI on postnatal day (P) 9 and mice were treated with either vehicle control or the TrkB agonist, DHF, for 7 days following HI. When mice reached young adulthood, we used the novel object recognition, novel object location and open field tests to assess long-term memory and anxiety-like behavior. The brains were then assessed for tissue damage using immunohistochemistry. Results Neonatal DHF treatment prevented HI-induced decrements in recognition and location memory in adulthood in females, but not in males. This protective effect was absent in female mice lacking $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α . The female-specific improved recognition and location memory outcomes in adulthood conferred by DHF therapy after neonatal HI tended to be or were $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α -dependent, respectively. Interestingly, DHF triggered anxiety-like behavior in both sexes only in the mice that lacked $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α . When we assessed the severity of injury, we found that DHF therapy did not decrease the percent tissue loss in proportion to functional recovery. We additionally observed that the presence of $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α significantly reduced overall HI-associated mortality in both sexes. Conclusions These observations provide evidence for a therapeutic role for DHF in which TrkB-mediated sustained recovery of recognition and location memories in females are $$\text{ER}\alpha$$ ER α -associated and dependent, respectively. However, the beneficial effects of DHF therapy did not include reduction of gross tissue loss but may be derived from the enhanced functioning of residual tissues in a cell-specific manner.
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- 2024
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3. Parent Perceptions of Trainees in Pediatric Care: Cross-Sectional Study
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Haley Strouf Motley, Bradley Kerr, Daniel J Sklansky, Jens Eickhoff, Megan A Moreno, and Jessica C Babal
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Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundClinical experience and progressive autonomy are essential components of medical education and must be balanced with patient comfort. While previous studies have suggested that most patients accept trainee involvement in their care, few studies have focused specifically on the views of parents of pediatric patients or examined groups who may not report acceptance. ObjectiveThis study aims to understand parental profiles of resident and medical student involvement in pediatric care and to use latent class analysis (LCA) methodology to identify classes of responses associated with parent demographic characteristics. MethodsWe used data from a national cross-sectional web-based survey of 3000 parents. The survey used a 5-point Likert scale to assess 8 measures of parent perceptions of residents and medical students. We included participants who indicated prior experience with residents or medical students. We compared responses about resident involvement in pediatric care with responses about student involvement, used LCA to identify latent classes of parent responses, and compared demographic features between the latent classes. ResultsOf the 3000 parents who completed the survey, 1543 met the inclusion criteria for our study. Participants reported higher mean scores for residents than for medical students for perceived quality of care, comfort with autonomously performing an examination, and comfort with autonomously giving medical advice. LCA identified 3 latent classes of parent responses: Trainee-Hesitant, Trainee-Neutral, and Trainee-Supportive. Compared with the Trainee-Supportive and Trainee-Neutral classes, the Trainee-Hesitant class had significantly more members reporting age
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- 2023
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4. In the Mood for Music: Listening to Music and Other Smartphone Uses Improve Adolescent Mood.
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Matt Minich, Qianqian Zhao, Jens Eickhoff, and Megan A. Moreno
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- 2023
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5. Estimate of the incidence of PANDAS and PANS in 3 primary care populations
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Ellen R. Wald, Jens Eickhoff, Grace E. Flood, Michael V. Heinz, Daniel Liu, Alisha Agrawal, Richard P. Morse, Veronica M. Raney, Aravindhan Veerapandiyan, and Juliette C. Madan
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PANS ,PANDAS ,group A streptococcus ,obsessive-compulsive disorder ,food restriction ,epidemiology ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
ObjectivePediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS) and Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) are presumed autoimmune complications of infection or other instigating events. To determine the incidence of these disorders, we performed a retrospective review for the years 2017–2019 at three academic medical centers.MethodsWe identified the population of children receiving well-child care at each institution. Potential cases of PANS and PANDAS were identified by including children age 3–12 years at the time they received one of five new diagnoses: avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, other specified eating disorder, separation anxiety disorder of childhood, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or other specified disorders involving an immune mechanism, not elsewhere classified. Tic disorders was not used as a diagnostic code to identify cases. Data were abstracted; cases were classified as PANDAS or PANS if standard definitions were met.ResultsThe combined study population consisted of 95,498 individuals. The majority were non-Hispanic Caucasian (85%), 48% were female and the mean age was 7.1 (SD 3.1) years. Of 357 potential cases, there were 13 actual cases [mean age was 6.0 (SD 1.8) years, 46% female and 100% non-Hispanic Caucasian]. The estimated annual incidence of PANDAS/PANS was 1/11,765 for children between 3 and 12 years with some variation between different geographic areas.ConclusionOur results indicate that PANDAS/PANS is a rare disorder with substantial heterogeneity across geography and time. A prospective investigation of the same question is warranted.
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- 2023
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6. A phase I study of talazoparib (BMN 673) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCI9782)
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Ticiana A. Leal, Marina N. Sharifi, Nancy Chan, Robert Wesolowski, Anita A. Turk, Justine Y. Bruce, Ruth M. O'Regan, Jens Eickhoff, Lisa M. Barroilhet, Jyoti Malhotra, Janice Mehnert, Eugenia Girda, Elizabeth Wiley, Natalie Schmitz, Shannon Andrews, Glenn Liu, and Kari B. Wisinski
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BMN673 ,carboplatin ,paclitaxel ,PARP ,talazoparib ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins potentiate antitumor activity of platinum chemotherapy. This study sought to determine the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibitor talazoparib with carboplatin and paclitaxel. Methods We conducted a phase I study of talazoparib with carboplatin AUC5‐6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15 of 21‐day cycles in patients with advanced solid tumors. Patients enrolled using a 3 + 3 design in two cohorts with talazoparib for 7 (schedule A) or 3 days (schedule B). After induction with 4–6 cycles of triplet therapy, patients received one of three maintenance options: (a) continuation of triplet (b) carboplatin/talazoparib, or (c) talazoparib monotherapy. Results Forty‐three patients were treated. The MTD for both schedules was talazoparib 250mcg daily. The main toxicity was myelosuppression including grade 3/4 hematologic treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs). Dose modification occurred in 87% and 100% of patients for schedules A and B, respectively. Discontinuation due to TRAEs was 13% in schedule A and 10% in B. Ten out of 22 evaluable patients in schedule A and 5/16 patients in schedule B had a complete or partial response. Twelve out of 43 patients received ≥6 cycles of talazoparib after induction, with a 13‐month median duration of maintenance. Conclusion We have established the recommended phase II dose of Talazoparib at 250mcg on a 3‐ or 7‐day schedule with carboplatin AUC6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15 of 21‐day cycles. This regimen is associated with significant myelosuppression, and in addition to maximizing supportive care, modification of the chemotherapy component would be a consideration for further development of this combination with the schedules investigated in this study.
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- 2022
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7. Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination.
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Kasen K Riemersma, Luis A Haddock, Nancy A Wilson, Nicholas Minor, Jens Eickhoff, Brittany E Grogan, Amanda Kita-Yarbro, Peter J Halfmann, Hannah E Segaloff, Anna Kocharian, Kelsey R Florek, Ryan Westergaard, Allen Bateman, Gunnar E Jeppson, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, David H O'Connor, Thomas C Friedrich, and Katarina M Grande
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant of Concern is highly transmissible and contains mutations that confer partial immune escape. The emergence of Delta in North America caused the first surge in COVID-19 cases after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became widely available. To determine whether individuals infected despite vaccination might be capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2, we compared RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) data from 20,431 test-positive anterior nasal swab specimens from fully vaccinated (n = 9,347) or unvaccinated (n = 11,084) individuals tested at a single commercial laboratory during the interval 28 June- 1 December 2021 when Delta variants were predominant. We observed no significant effect of vaccine status alone on Ct value, nor when controlling for vaccine product or sex. Testing a subset of low-Ct (
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- 2022
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8. Digital Technology and Media Use by Adolescents: Latent Class Analysis
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Megan A Moreno, Kole Binger, Qianqian Zhao, Jens Eickhoff, Matt Minich, and Yalda Tehranian Uhls
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
BackgroundDigital technology and media use is integral to adolescents’ lives and has been associated with both positive and negative health consequences. Previous studies have largely focused on understanding technology behaviors and outcomes within adolescent populations, which can promote assumptions about adolescent technology use as homogeneous. Furthermore, many studies on adolescent technology use have focused on risks and negative outcomes. To better understand adolescent digital technology use, we need new approaches that can assess distinct profiles within study populations and take a balanced approach to understanding the risks and benefits of digital technology use. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify profiles of adolescent technology use within a large study population focusing on four evidence-based constructs: technology ownership and use, parental involvement, health outcomes, and well-being indicators. MethodsAdolescent-parent dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional web-based survey using the Qualtrics (Qualtrics International, Inc) platform and panels. Technology use measures included ownership of devices, social media use frequency, and the Adolescents’ Digital Technology Interactions and Importance scale. Parent involvement measures included household media rules, technology-related parenting practices, parent social media use frequency, and the parent-child relationship. Health outcome measures included physical activity, sleep, problematic internet use, and mental health assessments. Well-being indicators included mental wellness, communication, and empathy. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct profile groups across the aforementioned 4 critical constructs. ResultsAmong the 3981 adolescent-parent dyads recruited, adolescent participants had a mean age of 15.0 (SD 1.43) years; a total of 46.3% (1842/3981) were female, 67.8% (2701/3981) were White, and 75% (2986/3981) lived in a household with an income above the poverty line. The LCA identified 2 discrete classes. Class 1 was made up of 62.8% (2501/3981) of the participants. Class 1 participants were more likely than Class 2 participants to report family-owned devices, have lower technology importance scores, have household technology rules often centered on content, have positive parent relationships and lower parent social media use, and report better health outcomes and well-being indicators. ConclusionsFindings from this national cross-sectional survey using LCA led to 2 distinct profile groups of adolescent media use and their association with technology use and parent involvement as well as health and well-being outcomes. The two classes included a larger Class 1 (Family-Engaged Adolescents) and a smaller Class 2 (At-Risk Adolescents). The findings of this study can inform interventions to reinforce positive technology use and family support.
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- 2022
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9. Measuring Problematic Internet Use, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Social Media Addiction in Young Adults: Cross-sectional Survey Study
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Megan Moreno, Karyn Riddle, Marina C Jenkins, Ajay Paul Singh, Qianqian Zhao, and Jens Eickhoff
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundDigital technology use is nearly ubiquitous among young adults; this use provides both benefits and risks. The risks of technology use include maladaptive technology use or technology addiction. Several conceptualizations of these addictions have emerged, each with its own assessment tools. These conditions include problematic internet use (PIU), internet gaming disorder (IGD), and social media addiction (SMA). These conditions have been associated with health outcomes such as problematic alcohol use, sleep disorders, and mental illness. These maladaptive technology conditions have been most commonly studied in isolation from each other. ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine PIU, IGD, and SMA together to better inform future research approaches and provider screening practices for young adults. MethodsThis cross-sectional survey study was conducted using Qualtrics panel-based recruitment and survey hosting. We recruited US young adults aged 18-25 years. The survey assessed PIU, IGD, and SMA. Survey measures also included assessments of problematic alcohol use, sleep, depression, and anxiety. We evaluated the frequency of and overlap in positive screening scores among PIU, IGD, and SMA and modeled each condition using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, we calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening tools using the most prevalent maladaptive technology type. ResultsOur 6000 participants had an average age of 21.7 (SD 2.5) years. Of these 6000 participants, 3062 (51.03%) were female, 3431 (57.18%) were Caucasian, 1686 (28.1%) were in a 4-year college program, and 2319 (38.65%) worked full time. The mean PIU score was 3.5 (SD 3.1), and 53.58% (3215/6000) of participants met the criteria for PIU. The mean IGD score was 2.7 (SD 2.6), and 24.33% (1460/6000) of participants met the criteria for IGD. The mean SMA score was 7.5 (SD 5.7), and 3.42% (205/6000) met the criteria for SMA. Across all 3 maladaptive technology use diagnoses, there were varied associations with demographic variables and similar overlap with health outcomes. The sensitivity of PIU screening to detect IGD was 82% and to detect SMA was 93%, whereas the specificity and positive predictive value were much lower (37%-54% specificity; 6%-37% positive predictive value). ConclusionsThis cross-sectional survey screened a large national sample of adolescents and young adults for PIU, IGD, and SMA to determine prevalence and overlap, demographic associations with each, and associations between these technology-related conditions and health outcomes. There was overlap across PIU, IGD, and SMA in some associated demographic variables and health outcomes. However, the patterns in the associated variables demonstrated unique qualities of each of these conditions.
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- 2022
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10. Depression, Anxiety, and Daily Activity Among Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study
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Anna Jolliff, Qianqian Zhao, Jens Eickhoff, and Megan Moreno
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Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to adolescents’ daily lives and, potentially, to their mental health. The pandemic has also disproportionately affected historically marginalized and at-risk communities, including people of color, socioeconomically disadvantaged people, people identifying as female, and youth. ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand differences in depression and anxiety among 2 groups of adolescents in the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine demographic and daily activity variables associated with depression and anxiety. MethodsOnline surveys were distributed in 2019 and 2020. Demographic questions were asked at the time of enrollment, and included participants’ age, gender, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). The 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire was used to assess symptoms of depression, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale was used to assess symptoms of anxiety. A total of 4 pandemic-specific daily activity questions were asked only of the pandemic group. Analyses of covariance compared depression and anxiety between prepandemic and pandemic groups. Demographic and lifestyle variables were included as covariates. ResultsThe sample comprised a total of 234 adolescents, with 100 participants in the prepandemic group and 134 participants in the pandemic group. Within the pandemic group, 94% (n=126) of adolescents reported being out of school due to the pandemic, and another 85.8% (n=115) and 57.1% (n=76) were prevented from extracurricular activities and exercise, respectively. Higher depression was seen in the pandemic group, with a least-squares adjusted mean of 7.62 (SD 1.36) compared to 6.28 (SD 1.42) in the prepandemic group, although the difference was not significant (P=.08). There was no significant difference in anxiety scores between the 2 groups (least-squares adjusted means 5.52, SD 1.30 vs 5.01, SD 1.36; P=.48). Within the pandemic group, lower SES was predictive of anxiety, such that those in the pandemic group of lower SES were more anxious than their higher-SES peers (least-squares adjusted means 11.17, SD 2.34 vs 8.66, SD 2.16; P=.02). Within the pandemic group, being out of work or school and not partaking in extracurricular activities or exercise due to the pandemic were not associated with higher depression or anxiety scores. ConclusionsIn this study, neither being in the pandemic group nor experiencing changes in daily activity due to the pandemic was associated with higher depression or anxiety. However, we found that adolescents from lower SES backgrounds experienced significantly more anxiety during the pandemic than their more privileged peers. Both instrumental and mental health interventions for low-income adolescents are imperative.
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- 2021
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11. 350 Phase 2 trial of a DNA vaccine with pembrolizumab in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)
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Jens Eickhoff, Glenn Liu, Joshua Lang, Ellen Wargowski, Douglas McNeel, Laura Johnson, Hamid Emamekhoo, and Mary Jane Brennan
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2021
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12. Interprofessional Collaborative Clinical Practice in Medicine and Pharmacy: Measure of Student Perceptions Using the SPICE-R2F Instrument to Bridge Health-Care Policy and Education in France
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Alexandre Piogé, Joseph Zorek, Jens Eickhoff, Blaise Debien, Julie Finkel, Alexandre Trouillard, and Patrick Poucheret
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interprofessional collaborative clinical practice ,medicine ,pharmacy ,health care ,SPICE-R2F ,pedagogy ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Public health policies in France and the USA promote health professionals’ collaborative practices in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations emphasizing the need to promote interprofessional education and training. To optimize alignment of health-care policy and education, a scientific evidence-based approach is required. Methods: A French translation (SPICE-R2F) of the Student Perceptions of Interprofessional Clinical Education—Revised instrument, version 2 (SPICE-R2) was generated. SPICE-R2F was then completed by a multicentric cohort of French health students, and confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to evaluate the validity and reliability of this instrument based on response patterns. Results: Translation of SPICE-R2 was validated evaluating psychometric properties and conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Adequate model fit was demonstrated using RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation) and CFI (comparative fit index) model fit criteria. Within each factor, however, low to moderate levels of reliability were observed between items. These observations diverge from other countries and highlight a potential French singularity. Conclusion: Our results suggest the need to improve interprofessional clinical practice education in France at early stages in the health-care curricula. The SPICE-R2F instrument may represent a valuable evidence-based tool to characterize perceptions of interprofessional education and training of health-care students and professionals in France.
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- 2022
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13. Neonatal Development in Prenatally Zika Virus-Exposed Infant Macaques with Dengue Immunity
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Karla Ausderau, Sabrina Kabakov, Elaina Razo, Ann M. Mitzey, Kathryn M. Bach, Chelsea M. Crooks, Natalie Dulaney, Logan Keding, Cristhian Salas-Quinchucua, Lex G. Medina-Magües, Andrea M. Weiler, Mason Bliss, Jens Eickhoff, Heather A. Simmons, Andres Mejia, Kathleen M. Antony, Terry Morgan, Saverio Capuano, Mary L. Schneider, Matthew T. Aliota, Thomas C. Friedrich, David H. O’Connor, Thaddeus G. Golos, and Emma L. Mohr
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macaque model ,prenatal ZIKV exposure ,neurodevelopment ,maternal DENV infection ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Infants exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) prenatally may develop birth defects, developmental deficits, or remain asymptomatic. It is unclear why some infants are more affected than others, although enhancement of maternal ZIKV infection via immunity to an antigenically similar virus, dengue virus (DENV), may play a role. We hypothesized that DENV immunity may worsen prenatal ZIKV infection and developmental deficits in offspring. We utilized a translational macaque model to examine how maternal DENV immunity influences ZIKV-exposed infant macaque neurodevelopment in the first month of life. We inoculated eight macaques with prior DENV infection with ZIKV, five macaques with ZIKV, and four macaques with saline. DENV/ZIKV-exposed infants had significantly worse visual orientation skills than ZIKV-exposed infants whose mothers were DENV-naive, with no differences in motor, sensory or state control development. ZIKV infection characteristics and pregnancy outcomes did not individually differ between dams with and without DENV immunity, but when multiple factors were combined in a multivariate model, maternal DENV immunity combined with ZIKV infection characteristics and pregnancy parameters predicted select developmental outcomes. We demonstrate that maternal DENV immunity exacerbates visual orientation and tracking deficits in ZIKV-exposed infant macaques, suggesting that human studies should evaluate how maternal DENV immunity impacts long-term neurodevelopment.
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- 2021
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14. LifeWave X49TM Patch Supports Improved Results in Fitness, Strength and Stamina
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H Connor Melinda, A Connor Caitlin, Dan Horzempa, Dawei Yue, Jens Eickhoff, Marsha Perry, and David Young
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General Engineering - Published
- 2023
15. A phase I study of talazoparib ( <scp>BMN</scp> 673) combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors ( <scp>NCI9782</scp> )
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Ticiana A. Leal, Marina N. Sharifi, Nancy Chan, Robert Wesolowski, Anita A. Turk, Justine Y. Bruce, Ruth M. O'Regan, Jens Eickhoff, Lisa M. Barroilhet, Jyoti Malhotra, Janice Mehnert, Eugenia Girda, Elizabeth Wiley, Natalie Schmitz, Shannon Andrews, Glenn Liu, and Kari B. Wisinski
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Cancer Research ,Paclitaxel ,Oncology ,Neoplasms ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ,Carboplatin - Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins potentiate antitumor activity of platinum chemotherapy. This study sought to determine the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibitor talazoparib with carboplatin and paclitaxel.We conducted a phase I study of talazoparib with carboplatin AUC5-6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/mForty-three patients were treated. The MTD for both schedules was talazoparib 250mcg daily. The main toxicity was myelosuppression including grade 3/4 hematologic treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Dose modification occurred in 87% and 100% of patients for schedules A and B, respectively. Discontinuation due to TRAEs was 13% in schedule A and 10% in B. Ten out of 22 evaluable patients in schedule A and 5/16 patients in schedule B had a complete or partial response. Twelve out of 43 patients received ≥6 cycles of talazoparib after induction, with a 13-month median duration of maintenance.We have established the recommended phase II dose of Talazoparib at 250mcg on a 3- or 7-day schedule with carboplatin AUC6 and paclitaxel 80 mg/m
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- 2022
16. Parent Perceptions of Trainees in Pediatric Care: A Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
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Haley Strouf Motley, Bradley Kerr, Daniel J Sklansky, Jens Eickhoff, Megan A Moreno, and Jessica Babal
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BACKGROUND Clinical experience and progressive autonomy are essential components of medical education and must be balanced with patient comfort. While previous studies have suggested that most patients accept trainee involvement in their care, few studies have focused specifically on the views of parents of pediatric patients or examined groups who may not report acceptance. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to understand parental profiles of resident and medical student involvement in pediatric care and to use latent class analysis (LCA) methodology to identify classes of responses associated with parent demographic characteristics. METHODS We used data from a national cross-sectional online survey of 3,000 parents. The survey used a 5-point Likert scale to assess 8 measures of parent perceptions of residents and medical students. We included participants who indicated prior experience with residents or medical students. We compared responses about resident involvement in pediatric care with responses about student involvement, used LCA to identify latent classes of parent responses, and compared demographic features between the latent classes. RESULTS Of the 3,000 parents who completed the survey, 1,543 met inclusion criteria for our study. Participants reported higher mean scores for residents than for medical students for perceived quality of care, comfort with autonomously performing an exam, and comfort with autonomously giving medical advice. LCA identified three latent classes of parent responses: Trainee-Hesitant, Trainee-Neutral, and Trainee-Supportive. Compared with the Trainee-Supportive and Trainee-Neutral classes, the Trainee-Hesitant class had significantly more members reporting age < 30, household income < $50,000, no college degree, and lesser desire to receive future care at a teaching hospital. CONCLUSIONS Parents may prefer greater clinical autonomy for residents than medical students. Importantly, Trainee-Hesitant views may be held disproportionately by members of historically and currently socially marginalized demographic groups. Future studies should investigate underlying reasons for trainee hesitancy in these groups, including the possibility of mistrust in medicine.
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- 2023
17. Adolescent media use, parent involvement and health outcomes: a latent class analysis approach
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Megan A. Moreno, Aubrey D. Gower, Daniel Pham, Qianqian Zhao, and Jens Eickhoff
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Communication ,Library and Information Sciences - Published
- 2022
18. 862 Administration of intratumoral hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine and local radiation therapy to activate immune rejection of spontaneous canine melanoma
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Mark Albertini, Cindy Zuleger, Erik Ranheim, Oyewale Shiyanbola, Andrew Kosharek, Paul Sondel, Zachary Morris, Jens Eickhoff, Michael Newton, Irene Ong, Rene Welch Schwartz, Rubi Hayim, Sarah Adrianowycz, Rachel Uyehara, Ilene Kurzman, Michelle Turek, and David Vail
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- 2022
19. Histopathologic Evaluation of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Debulk Specimens Before Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Its Influence on Squamous Cell Carcinoma Staging
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Annika Weinhammer, Daniel D. Bennett, Jens Eickhoff, and Yaohui G. Xu
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Skin Neoplasms ,Carcinoma, Basal Cell ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Humans ,Surgery ,Dermatology ,General Medicine ,Mohs Surgery - Published
- 2022
20. A Novel Artificial Intelligence–Powered Method for Prediction of Early Recurrence of Prostate Cancer After Prostatectomy and Cancer Drivers
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Wei Huang, Ramandeep Randhawa, Parag Jain, Samuel Hubbard, Jens Eickhoff, Shivaani Kummar, George Wilding, Hirak Basu, and Rajat Roy
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Male ,Prostatectomy ,Artificial Intelligence ,Prostate ,Humans ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,ORIGINAL REPORTS ,General Medicine ,Prostate-Specific Antigen - Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel artificial intelligence (AI)–powered method for the prediction of prostate cancer (PCa) early recurrence and identification of driver regions in PCa of all Gleason Grade Group (GGG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Deep convolutional neural networks were used to develop the AI model. The AI model was trained on The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) whole slide images (WSI) and data set (n = 243) to predict 3-year biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) and was subsequently validated on WSI from patients with PCa (n = 173) from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. RESULTS Our AI-powered platform can extract visual and subvisual morphologic features from WSI to identify driver regions predictive of early recurrence of PCa (regions of interest [ROIs]) after RP. The ROIs were ranked with AI-morphometric scores, which were prognostic for 3-year biochemical recurrence (area under the curve [AUC], 0.78), which is significantly better than the GGG overall (AUC, 0.62). The AI-morphometric scores also showed high accuracy in the prediction of recurrence for low- or intermediate-risk PCa—AUC, 0.76, 0.84, and 0.81 for GGG1, GGG2, and GGG3, respectively. These patients could benefit the most from timely adjuvant therapy after RP. The predictive value of the high-scored ROIs was validated by known PCa biomarkers studied. With this focused biomarker analysis, a potentially new STING pathway–related PCa biomarker—TMEM173—was identified. CONCLUSION Our study introduces a novel approach for identifying patients with PCa at risk for early recurrence regardless of their GGG status and for identifying cancer drivers for focused evolution-aware novel biomarker discovery.
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- 2022
21. Adolescent Digital Technology Interactions and Importance: Associations with Depression and Well-Being
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Megan A. Moreno, Kole Binger, Matt Minich, Qianqian Zhao, and Jens Eickhoff
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Male ,Digital Technology ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,Depression ,Communication ,General Medicine ,Computer Science Applications ,Human-Computer Interaction ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Mental Health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Adolescents' digital technology use is nearly ubiquitous and has been associated with health benefits and risks, including risks of depression. The Adolescents' Digital Technology Interactions and Importance (ADTI) scale provides a novel approach to measuring how adolescents prioritize their technology use. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' technology interactions and mental health measures, including depression and mental well-being. This cross-sectional online survey study recruited adolescents aged 12-18 years using Qualtrics panels. Survey measures included the ADTI and assessments of depression and well-being. Analyses included the Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The 4,592 participants had a mean age of 15.6 years (
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- 2022
22. Retinal vascular recovery revealed by retinal imaging following neonatal hypoxia ischemia in mice: Is there a role for tyrosine kinase receptor modulation?
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Dila Zafer, Thao Adams, Ellie Olson, Lauren Stenman, Onur Taparli, Jens Eickhoff, Pelin Cengiz, and Olachi J. Mezu-Ndubuisi
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History ,Asphyxia Neonatorum ,Polymers and Plastics ,General Neuroscience ,Infant, Newborn ,Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,Vascular System Injuries ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Phosphates ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Oxygen ,Mice ,Animals, Newborn ,Retinal Diseases ,Ischemia ,Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ,Animals ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Business and International Management ,Hypoxia ,Molecular Biology ,Biomarkers ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) secondary to perinatal asphyxia leads to long-term visual disabilities. Dilated retinal exams in human newborns with HIE is an emerging diagnostic tool, but phenotypes of hypoxia ischemia (HI) related retinal vascular injury are unclear. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a TrkB agonist with protective effects on HI-related brain damage. We studied retinal vessels in a mouse model of neonatal HIE and the efficacy of 7,8-DHF in ameliorating HI-related retinal vascular injury.C57BL6/J mice at post-natal day (P) 9 received unilateral left carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to 10 % oxygen for 50 min. Phosphate buffered saline or 7,8-DHF (5 mg/kg) were administered daily for 7 days intraperitoneally. Control groups of naïve or carotid artery ligation only mice were studied. Fluorescein angiography was performed in acute (two weeks post-exposure) and chronic (four weeks post-exposure) time points. Retinal artery width, retinal vein width, and collateral vessel length were quantified.Ligation of the common carotid artery alone caused retinal artery dilation in acute and chronic time points, but had no effect on retinal veins. At acute time point, HI caused increased retinal artery vasodilation, but was reversed by 7,8-DHF. HI caused short collateral vessel formation in ipsilateral eyes, rescued by 7,8-DHF treatment.Retinal artery vasodilation and collateral vessel formation due to HI were rescued by 7,8-DHF treatment. Retinal and collateral vessel monitoring could be diagnostic biomarkers for HI severity. Studies to elucidate mechanisms of 7,8-DHF action on retinal vessels could aid development of therapies for neonatal HI.
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- 2022
23. Gender Difference in Teaching Evaluation Scores of Pediatric Faculty
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Kristin Tiedt, Sarah Webber, Jessica Babal, Kirstin A.M. Nackers, Ann Allen, Carrie L. Nacht, Ryan J. Coller, Jens Eickhoff, Daniel J. Sklansky, Madeline Kieren, Kristin A. Shadman, and Michelle M. Kelly
- Subjects
Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health - Abstract
To evaluate associations between faculty gender and milestone-based teaching assessment scores assigned by residents.We performed a retrospective cohort study of milestone-based clinical teaching assessments of pediatric faculty completed by pediatric residents at a mid-sized residency program from July 2016 to June 2019. Assessments included 3 domains (Clinical Interactions, Teaching Skills, Role Modeling/Professionalism) comprised of a total of 11 sub-competency items. We used multilevel logistic regression accounting for repeat measures and clustering to evaluate associations between faculty gender and assessment scores in the 1) top quartile, 2) bottom quartile, or 3) top-box (highest score). Findings were adjusted for faculty rank and academic track, and resident year and gender.Over 3 years, 2889 assessments of 104 faculty were performed by 91 residents. Between assessments of women and men faculty, there were no significant differences in the odds of receiving a score in the top quartile for the 3 domains (Clinical aOR 0.99, P = .86; Teaching aOR 0.99, P = .93; Role Modeling aOR 0.87, P = .089). However, assessments of women were more likely to receive a score in the bottom quartile in both Teaching (aOR 1.23, P = .019) and Role Modeling (aOR 1.26, P = .008). Assessments of women also had lower odds of receiving the highest score in 6 of 11 sub-competencies.Results suggest that gender bias may play a role in resident assessments of pediatric faculty. Future studies are needed to determine if findings are replicated in other settings and to identify opportunities to reduce the gender gap in pediatric academic medicine.
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- 2022
24. Caregiving and Confidence to Avoid Hospitalization for Children with Medical Complexity
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Ryan J. Coller, Carlos F. Lerner, Paul J. Chung, Thomas S. Klitzner, Christopher C. Cushing, Gemma Warner, Carrie L. Nacht, Lindsey R. Thompson, Jens Eickhoff, Mary L. Ehlenbach, Brigid M. Garrity, Terah Bowe, and Jay G. Berry
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Hospitalization ,Caregivers ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Child - Abstract
To test associations between parent-reported confidence to avoid hospitalization and caregiving strain, activation, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).In this prospective cohort study, enrolled parents of children with medical complexity (n = 75) from 3 complex care programs received text messages (at random times every 2 weeks for 3 months) asking them to rate their confidence to avoid hospitalization in the next month. Low confidence, as measured on a 10-point Likert scale (1 = not confident; 10 = fully confident), was defined as a mean rating5. Caregiving measures included the Caregiver Strain Questionnaire, Family Caregiver Activation in Transition (FCAT), and caregiver HRQOL (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12 [SF12]). Relationships between caregiving and confidence were assessed with a hierarchical logistic regression and classification and regression trees (CART) model.The parents were mostly mothers (77%) and were linguistically diverse (20% spoke Spanish as their primary language), and 18% had low confidence on average. Demographic and clinical variables had weaker associations with confidence. In regression models, low confidence was associated with higher caregiver strain (aOR, 3.52; 95% CI, 1.45-8.54). Better mental HRQOL was associated with lower likelihood of low confidence (aOR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97). In the CART model, higher strain similarly identified parents with lower confidence. In all models, low confidence was not associated with caregiver activation (FCAT) or physical HRQOL (SF12) scores.Parents of children with medical complexity with high strain and low mental HRQOL had low confidence in the range in which intervention to avoid hospitalization would be warranted. Future work could determine how adaptive interventions to improve confidence and prevent hospitalizations should account for strain and low mental HRQOL.
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- 2022
25. Digital Technology and Media Use by Adolescents: Latent Class Analysis (Preprint)
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Megan A Moreno, Kole Binger, Qianqian Zhao, Jens Eickhoff, Matt Minich, and Yalda Tehranian Uhls
- Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technology and media use is integral to adolescents’ lives and has been associated with both positive and negative health consequences. Previous studies have largely focused on understanding technology behaviors and outcomes within adolescent populations, which can promote assumptions about adolescent technology use as homogeneous. Furthermore, many studies on adolescent technology use have focused on risks and negative outcomes. To better understand adolescent digital technology use, we need new approaches that can assess distinct profiles within study populations and take a balanced approach to understanding the risks and benefits of digital technology use. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of adolescent technology use within a large study population focusing on four evidence-based constructs: technology ownership and use, parental involvement, health outcomes, and well-being indicators. METHODS Adolescent-parent dyads were recruited for a cross-sectional web-based survey using the Qualtrics (Qualtrics International, Inc) platform and panels. Technology use measures included ownership of devices, social media use frequency, and the Adolescents’ Digital Technology Interactions and Importance scale. Parent involvement measures included household media rules, technology-related parenting practices, parent social media use frequency, and the parent-child relationship. Health outcome measures included physical activity, sleep, problematic internet use, and mental health assessments. Well-being indicators included mental wellness, communication, and empathy. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify distinct profile groups across the aforementioned 4 critical constructs. RESULTS Among the 3981 adolescent-parent dyads recruited, adolescent participants had a mean age of 15.0 (SD 1.43) years; a total of 46.3% (1842/3981) were female, 67.8% (2701/3981) were White, and 75% (2986/3981) lived in a household with an income above the poverty line. The LCA identified 2 discrete classes. Class 1 was made up of 62.8% (2501/3981) of the participants. Class 1 participants were more likely than Class 2 participants to report family-owned devices, have lower technology importance scores, have household technology rules often centered on content, have positive parent relationships and lower parent social media use, and report better health outcomes and well-being indicators. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this national cross-sectional survey using LCA led to 2 distinct profile groups of adolescent media use and their association with technology use and parent involvement as well as health and well-being outcomes. The two classes included a larger Class 1 (Family-Engaged Adolescents) and a smaller Class 2 (At-Risk Adolescents). The findings of this study can inform interventions to reinforce positive technology use and family support.
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- 2022
26. Development and Simulation of a South African Satellite Camera on a Satellite Testbench for Capacity Building in Space Operations, Training and Research
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Brendon Maongera, Kai Leidig, René Laufer, Peter Martinez, Andy B. Armitage, Per Danielsson, and Jens Eickhoff
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- 2022
27. Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination
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Kasen K. Riemersma, Luis A. Haddock, Nancy A. Wilson, Nicholas Minor, Jens Eickhoff, Brittany E. Grogan, Amanda Kita-Yarbro, Peter J. Halfmann, Hannah E. Segaloff, Anna Kocharian, Kelsey R. Florek, Ryan Westergaard, Allen Bateman, Gunnar E. Jeppson, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, David H. O’Connor, Thomas C. Friedrich, and Katarina M. Grande
- Subjects
Delta ,Cycle threshold ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Immunology ,Vaccination ,Immune escape ,Outbreak ,COVID-19 ,Viral Vaccines ,Microbiology ,Virology ,Immunization ,Genetics ,Medicine ,Humans ,Parasitology ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Viral load - Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant of Concern is highly transmissible and contains mutations that confer partial immune escape. The emergence of Delta in North America caused the first surge in COVID-19 cases after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines became widely available. To determine whether individuals infected despite vaccination might be capable of transmitting SARS-CoV-2, we compared RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) data from 20,431 test-positive anterior nasal swab specimens from fully vaccinated (n = 9,347) or unvaccinated (n=11,084) individuals tested at a single commercial laboratory during the interval 28 June – 1 December 2021 when Delta variants were predominant. We observed no significant effect of vaccine status alone on Ct value, nor when controlling for vaccine product or sex. Testing a subset of low-Ct (
- Published
- 2021
28. Development and validation of the IPEC Institutional Assessment Instrument
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Joseph A. Zorek, Kelly Ragucci, Jens Eickhoff, Ghaidaa Najjar, James Ballard, Amy V. Blue, Laura Bronstein, Alan Dow, Tina P. Gunaldo, Heather Hageman, Kelly Karpa, Barret Michalec, Devin Nickol, Janice Odiaga, Patricia Ohtake, Andrea Pfeifle, Janet H. Southerland, Frances Vlasses, Veronica Young, and Meg Zomorodi
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Education - Published
- 2022
29. CTIM-33. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF HUMAN IMMUNE SYSTEM PREDICTS CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN GLIOBLASTOMA IMMUNOTHERAPY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
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Jack Shireman, Simon Ammanuel, Jens Eickhoff, and Mahua Dey
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Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
Biological differences based on sex have been documented throughout scientific literature. Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, has a male sex incidence bias, however, no clinical trial data examining differential effects of treatment between sexes currently exist. We analyzed genomic data, as well as clinical trials, to delineate the effect of sex on the immune system and glioblastoma outcome following immunotherapy. We found that, in general females possess enriched immunological signatures on gene set enrichment analysis, that also stratified patient survival when delineated by sex. Female glioblastoma patients treated with immunotherapy had a statistically significant survival advantage at the 1-year compared to males (RR = 1.15; p = 0.0241). This effect was even more pronounced in vaccine-based immunotherapy, (RR = 1.29; p = 0.0158). Our study shows a meaningful difference in the immunobiology between males and females that also influences overall response to immunotherapy in the setting of glioblastoma. Our study adds to a growing body of literature examining sex differences in male and female immunology. We demonstrate both using large scale omic data sets, as well as clinical trials, that female sexually dimorphic genes are tied to immunological responses, and that females have better outcomes during GBM immunotherapy treatments. This data is critical to better inform treatment practices and further crystalizes the need for balanced trial design and prospective reporting of sex as a variable across all GBM clinical trials.
- Published
- 2022
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