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Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy(EBMD)is a common anterior corneal dystrophy with hidden and easily missed clinical manifestations. Patients usually complain of mild blurred vision or foreign body sensation, or occasional pain at night or immediately after opening the eyelid in the morning. Slit-lamp examination revealed irregular, amorphous corneal surfaces, fingerprint-like linear lesions, and punctate or bubble-like lesions. EBMD has a significant impact on preoperative biometrics and intraocular lens power calculation, which can lead to inaccurate measurement and postoperative refractive accident, and cataract surgeons must be aware of this. This article reviews recent research and conference reports on the impact of EBMD on cataract surgery, as a reference for refractive cataract surgeons, thus improving the preoperative diagnosis and detection rate, so as to provide the optimal treatment plan for patients.

Deep learning-based image watermarking algorithms have been widely studied as an important technology for copyright protection. These methods utilize an end-to-end architecture with an encoder, a noise layer and a decoder to make the watermark robust to various distortions. However, recent algorithms present unsatisfactory visual quality and robustness against JPEG compression, which is the most common image processing operation but is non-differential thus cannot be directly included in the noise layer. To address this limitation, this study proposes a novel enhanced attention-based image watermarking algorithm with simulated JPEG compression, which leverages the channel and spatial attention mechanism to facilitate watermark embedding and simulates JPEG compression with a suitably designed function. Precisely, we design a differentiable rounding function based on the Fourier series to replace the quantization process in JPEG compression, which overcomes the non-differentiability of JPEG compression and can be incorporated in the training process. In addition, we propose an enhanced dual attention module in the encoder, which combines channel and spatial attention to improve the performance of our model. The channel attention guides the encoder to fuse the watermark into more important channels and the spatial attention further helps to embed the watermark into regions with more complex textures. The experimental results show that our method generates high quality watermarked images, with PSNR over 50 when no noise is applied. Compared with current methods, our model achieves stronger robustness to JPEG compression, with bit accuracy over 99% under the JPEG compression with quality factor of 50. Besides, the proposed framework also exhibits excellent robustness for a variety of common distortions, including cropout and dropout.

Pollen tube growth involves coordinated energy fluxes between plastids, the cytosol, and mitochondria. Here using ratiometric biosensors, the authors delineate energy flux in growing Arabidopsis pollen tubes by monitoring ATP, NADPH and the NADH/NAD + ratio at the subcellular level.

The intraplatform shoal dolomite of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation is currently considered the key target of hydrocarbon exploration in the central Sichuan Basin. To systematically investigate the origin of the stratabound facies-controlled porous dolomites of the Qixia Formation, integrated petrography, logging and seismic analysis were carried out in this work. The results are as following: (1) the dolomite reservoir is universal in the central Sichuan Basin, and its distribution is controlled by intraplatform shoals, with multilayer superposition vertically. Thick massive dolostone may also develop along with the fault. (2) Three replaced dolomites and one dolomite cement were identified: very finely to finely crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite (Rd1); finely to medium crystalline, anhedral to subhedral dolomite (Rd2); coarsely crystalline, subhedral to euhedral dolomite (Rd3) and coarsely crystalline saddle dolomite cement (Sd). Rd2 and Rd3 are partly fabric-retentive, and preserve the original bioclastic ghosts. Sd shows wavy extinction, filled in the breccia veins. (3) The U-Pb dating and homogenization temperatures results indicate that the dolomite and Sd cement are associated with hydrothermal event during the Emeishan large igneous province. The δ13C, 87Sr/86Sr, and seawater-like REEY patterns suggest that the dolomitization and Sd precipitation fluids originate from connate seawater heated by elevated heat-flow. (4) The ELIP triggered large scale thermal anomalies in the basin during the Dongwu movement period. The increased temperature and pressure drove the formation water in the intra-platform shoal facies and overcame the binding effect of Mg2+ hydrate. Moreover, the deep hydrothermal fluid preferentially penetrated into the porous strata of shoal facies along the faults and fractures, mixed with formation water to some extent, and extensive dolomitization occurred. The facies-controlled dolomite reservoir and the underlying Cambrian source rock form a good source-reservoir assemblage, which can be a key replacement option. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]