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Objective To investigate the impact of exosomal miRNAs derived from endoplasmic reticulum-stressed (ERS) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells on macrophages. Methods This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee. The expression levels of ERS-associated proteins, including protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), in HNSCC tissues and para-tumor tissues were detected by Western blot (WB) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). HN4 human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells were treated with 500 U/mL interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for 48 h to induce ER stress, and exosomes secreted by ER-stressed HN4 cells were collected and identified. The types of miRNAs in exosomes were identified through bioinformatics analysis, and the target genes of miRNAs were predicted. Macrophages were transfected with miRNA, co cultured with collected exosomes, and the expression of PTEN in macrophages was knocked down. The downstream signaling pathway regulated by exosomal miRNAs was studied by WB and RT-qPCR. Results Compared with that in para-tumor tissues, the expression level of ER stress-associated proteins in HNSCC tissues was increased (P

The Carboniferous-Permian coal measures in China contain abundant natural gas resources. Shale, coal and tight sandstone reservoirs are developed in coal measures, and the quantitative characterization of the pore structures of different types of reservoirs can provide scientific guidance for the sweet spot prediction of tight reservoirs. In this study, taking the Shan 2 Member coal measure of the Shanxi Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin as an example, the pore structures of shale, coal rock and tight sandstone were systematically studied based on organic geochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, and low-temperature N2 and CO2 adsorption experiments. The results show that the microscopic pore structures of different types of reservoirs in the Shan 2 Member coal measures are quite different. Shale and tight sandstone mainly develop clay mineral pores at mesopore scale, followed by intragranular and dissolution pores developed in quartz and feldspar minerals, while organic pores are rarely developed. A large number of macro-scale clay mineral pores and micro-fractures are developed in tight sandstone, meanwhile the pore connectivity of tight sandstone is better than that of shale. A large number of micro to nano-scale organic pores are developed in coal, and the specific surface area of micropores in coal is much larger than that of mesopores in shale and tight sandstone. Sandstone, shale, and coal are frequently interbedded in coal measure strata. Tight sandstone provide the main storage space for free gas, and pores in shale and coal absorb a large amount of natural gas. Sandstone-shale-coal assemblages and sandstone-coal assemblages are the key targets for the exploration of hydrocarbons in the Shanxi Formation coal measures in the study area.

The adsorption of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) was studied based on the hydrophobic interaction/ion exchange/ion exclusion mixed-mode adsorption resin D301. Firstly, the interaction mode between l-Trp and resin was analyzed by studying the influence of pH variation on the adsorption capability and the dissociation state of l-Trp. Secondly, the adsorption mechanism was illuminated by studying the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behaviors. The adsorption equilibrium and a kinetics model were constructed. The augmentation of pH gradually elicited an enhancement in the adsorption capacity of l-Trp. l-Trp existing in varied dissociation states could be adsorbed by the resin, and the interaction mode relied upon the pH of the solution. An integrated adsorption equilibrium model with the coadsorption of different dissociation states of l-Trp was developed and could predict the adsorption isotherms at various pH levels satisfactorily. Both external mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion collectively imposed constraints on the mass transfer process of l-Trp onto the resin. An improved liquid film linear driving force model (ILM) was constructed, and the model provided a satisfactory fit for the adsorption kinetics curves of l-Trp at various pH levels. l-Trp molecules had a high mass transfer rate at a relatively low solution pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the air exerts considerable effects on human health, and meteorological factors affect air quality. The relationships between meteorological factors and air quality parameters are complex dependency correlations. This article is based on the air quality monitoring data and meteorological monitoring data obtained from a monitoring station in Binjiang District, Hangzhou City, China, spanning from 01:00 on 14 April 2021 to 23:00 on 31 December 2021. The Informer model was used to explore the air quality parameters' response to meteorological factors. By analyzing 12 different kinds of 2-Minute Average Wind Speed (2-MAWSP), 10-Minute Average Wind Speed (10-MAWSP), and Maximum Wind Speed (MXSPD); 16 different kinds of Hourly Precipitation (HP) and Air Temperature (AT); 11 different kinds of Relative Humidity (RH); and 8 different kinds of Station Pressure (STP), the following results were obtained: (1) The influence of wind speed on various air quality parameters is multifaceted and lacks a standardized form, potentially influenced by factors like wind direction and geographical location. One clear effect of wind speed is evident in the levels of particulate matter 10 (with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm, PM10), as the values of this parameter first decrease and then increase with increasing wind speed. (2) HP has an evident reducing effect on most air quality parameters, including particulate matter (including PM2.5 and PM10), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), as well as nitrogen oxides (NOx). (3) The increase in AT has a clear reducing effect on the concentration of NO2, while the trend for the concentrations of PM10 and NOx is one of initial decrease followed by a gradual rise. (4) RH only reduces the concentrations of SO2 and PM10. (5) With the rise in STP, the concentrations of most air quality parameters generally rise as well, except for the decrease in NOx concentration. This can give some indications and assistance to meteorological and environmental departments for improving air quality. This model can be used for a performance analysis and the forecasting of multi-parameter non-correlated systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]