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Checkpoint inhibitors have invigorated cancer immunotherapy research, including cancer vaccination. Classic early phase trial design and endpoints used in developing chemotherapy are not suited for evaluating all forms of cancer treatment. Peripheral T cell response dynamics have demonstrated inconsistency in assessing the efficacy of cancer vaccination. Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), reflect the local tumor microenvironment and may prove a superior endpoint in cancer vaccination trials. Cancer vaccines may also promote success in combination immunotherapy treatment of weakly immunogenic tumors. This review explores the impact of TILs as an endpoint for cancer vaccination in multiple malignancies, summarizes the current literature regarding TILs analysis, and discusses the challenges of providing validity and a standardized implementation of this approach.

Background: Acyanotic and cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are known to have distinct operative risk profiles. However, little is known about whether pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have differential effects on cerebral hemodynamics or outcomes in these two patient groups. Methods: 159 pediatric (age Results: Regional-cerebral-oxygen-saturation, gaseous microemboli counts, and mean arterial pressure were similar between groups. PELOD-2 scores decreased over time, with similar scores between perfusion modalities in either group. Analysis of additional postoperative outcomes revealed no significant differences between non-pulsatile and pulsatile perfusion in either acyanotic or cyanotic groups. Conclusions: Despite patients undergoing pulsatile CBP demonstrating a more physiologic pulsatility index in both acyanotic and cyanotic groups, no clinically significant differences in cerebral hemodynamics or clinical outcomes were appreciated. Trial Registration Number and Registration Date: NCT00862407 (16/03/2009) (first registration date)

The American Concrete Institute has published ACI 440.11-22, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars—Code and Commentary. This new code was developed by an American National Standards Institute–approved consensus process and addresses structural systems, members, and connections, including cast-in-place, precast, nonprestressed, and composite concrete construction. ACI 440.11-22 is the first comprehensive building code covering the use of nonmetallic, GFRP reinforcing bars in structural concrete applications. This article provides background on this new code and discusses potential uses for precast concrete components and structures.

Pembakaran residu industri penyamakan kulit di area penyamakan kulit Magetan menghasilkan polutan berupa gas NO 2 dan SO 2 yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan pekerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sejauh mana risiko NO2 dan SO2emisi gas buang terhadap kesehatan pekerja di area penyamakan kulit Magetan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional dan pendekatan ARKL (Environmental Health Risk Analysis). Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah teknik non-random sampling, yaitu sampel lengkap yang mencakup seluruh populasi. Pengambilan sampel udara dilakukan di area pembakaran sisa penyamakan kulit. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis risiko untuk mengetahui karakterisasi risiko pekerja yang dianggap 'aman' bila nilai RQ bernilai 1 dan tingkat risiko disebut 'tidak aman' bila nilai RQ > 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NO 2 gas adalah 0,000555 g/m3 dan SO 2gas adalah 0,0006948 g/m3. Hasil pengukuran tidak melebihi NAB berdasarkan PP RI No. 22 Tahun 2021. Nilai intake tertinggi untuk gas NO 2 adalah 0,00001003 mg/kg/hari dan untuk SO2 0,00001255 mg/kg/hari. Risiko tertinggi ditemukan 0,0011721 (RQ

Microbubbles (1–10 µm diameter) have been used as conventional ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) for applications in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. Nanobubbles (