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Caregiver sensitivity builds a basis for children’s sense of security and effective emotion regulation during their development. Applying a cross-cultural lens, caregiver sensitivity can be divided into two subtypes, reactive and proactive, and its prevalence and meaning may differ across cultures. Guided by the theoretical frameworks of developmental niche and parental ethnotheories, the current study examines culture-specific meanings of caregiver sensitivity across five countries: India, Nepal, Korea, the United States of America (USA), and Germany. We examine the prevalence of maternal reactive and proactive sensitivity, children’s emotional lability and regulation, and how mothers’ sensitivity types are related to children’s emotional characteristics. Participants included 472 mothers from the five countries with children aged between 6 and 7 years. Mothers reported their sensitivity preference in multiple vignettes and completed an emotion regulation checklist to report their children’s emotional lability and regulation. A set of analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) found cultural differences in mothers’ preference for proactive and reactive sensitivity. Mothers in India and Nepal reported the highest preference for proactive sensitivity followed by Korea and the USA, while German mothers reported the lowest preference for proactive sensitivity. Consequent regression analyses revealed varying associations between proactive sensitivity and child emotional characteristics in all five countries either directly or as moderated by child sex. These results evidence that parental ethnotheories are part of the developmental niche embedded in a larger cultural context. Findings on the differential links between the types of sensitivity and child emotion regulation provide cultural models of parental emotion socialization and children’s emotional functioning.

This study investigated the relationship between traumatic life stress, trust, and prosocial behavior as a positive mental health outcome in Syrian refugee children in Canada. Trust is a resilience factor shown to promote adjustment after resettlement. The specific goals of the study were to test the influence of refugee children's traumatic life stress on their prosocial behavior and the mediating role of trust in this link. Five- to 12-year-old Syrian refugee children (N = 124) and their caregivers (N = 51) who recently resettled in Canada participated in this study. Children retrospectively reported their experiences of traumatic life stressors, and caregivers reported their children's current level of trust and prosocial behavior using questionnaires. Traumatic life stress (e.g., witnessing violence and conflict, separation from family, death of family members) was negatively related to refugee children's trust in others, while trust was related to more prosocial behaviors, confirming its mediating role. These results suggest that experiencing more traumatic life stressors is associated with less prosocial behaviors as a positive mental health outcome through lower levels of trust. The current findings suggest that fostering trust may be a promising avenue for intervention to promote prosocial behavior and resilience in refugee children who are resettling in a new society.

Caregiver sensitivity builds a basis for children's sense of security and effective emotion regulation during their development. Applying a cross-cultural lens, caregiver sensitivity can be divided into two subtypes, reactive and proactive, and its prevalence and meaning may differ across cultures. Guided by the theoretical frameworks of developmental niche and parental ethnotheories, the current study examines culture-specific meanings of caregiver sensitivity across five countries: India, Nepal, Korea, the United States of America (USA), and Germany. We examine the prevalence of maternal reactive and proactive sensitivity, children's emotional lability and regulation, and how mothers' sensitivity types are related to children's emotional characteristics. Participants included 472 mothers from the five countries with children aged between 6 and 7 years. Mothers reported their sensitivity preference in multiple vignettes and completed an emotion regulation checklist to report their children's emotional lability and regulation. A set of analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) found cultural differences in mothers' preference for proactive and reactive sensitivity. Mothers in India and Nepal reported the highest preference for proactive sensitivity followed by Korea and the USA, while German mothers reported the lowest preference for proactive sensitivity. Consequent regression analyses revealed varying associations between proactive sensitivity and child emotional characteristics in all five countries either directly or as moderated by child sex. These results evidence that parental ethnotheories are part of the developmental niche embedded in a larger cultural context. Findings on the differential links between the types of sensitivity and child emotion regulation provide cultural models of parental emotion socialization and children's emotional functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims Since the establishment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), multiple studies have characterized its extent and prognosis in comparison with traditional non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, there has been little information on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to these old and new disease categories. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features and outcomes of NAFLD- versus MASLD-related HCC. Methods This retrospective cohort study involved non-B, non-C patients who underwent hepatic resection for HCC at Asan Medical Center from January 2008 to December 2019. We compared preoperative characteristics and overall survival between patients meeting the NAFLD and MASLD criteria. Results Among the 233 patients with MASLD (n=207) or NAFLD (n=160), 134 fulfilled both steatotic criteria. Patients with MASLD exhibited a significantly higher incidence of underlying cirrhosis (54.1%) compared to those with NAFLD (26.3%; p<0.05). Otherwise, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (56.5% vs. 43.8%; p<0.05) and hypertension (66.2% vs. 55.0%; p<0.05) was significantly higher in patients with MASLD compared to those with NAFLD. The 5-year overall survival was 82.6% (77.6%–87.9%) for MASLD patients versus 85.0% (79.6%–90.7%) for NAFLD patients, with no significant difference between the groups (log-rank test: p=NS). Among cirrhotic patients, the 5-year overall survival was also comparable at 77.7% (70.3%–85.8%) for MASLD and 81.0% (69.9%–93.7%) for NAFLD (p=NS), and among non-cirrhotic patients, it was 88.4% (82.2%–95.1%) for MASLD and 87.3% (81.5%–93.5%) for NAFLD (p=NS). Conclusion Patients with MASLD-related HCC had significantly higher rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis compared to those with NAFLD-related HCC, though this did not significantly influence overall survival. Our findings suggest that previous data and experiences on NAFLD-related HCC could be utilized in caring and studying MASLD-related HCC patients, particularly in non-cirrhotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The initial severity triage of patients in the emergency department (ED) is implemented differently worldwide, according to the characteristics of each country. However, better classification methods are being studied due to various problems with the current system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of patients' severity assessment in a new way that gives appropriate values to factors that can be obtained in the ED. We collected data from 158,246 patients who visited the ED from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2020. Using the appropriate values of various factors obtained using the Rasch analysis method, the cut-off values for predicting hospitalization and discharge at the ED of patients were determined. Furthermore, using artificial intelligence, the patients who were hospitalized and discharged from the ED were classified and compared with the results of the Rasch analysis. The accuracy of the algorithms was analyzed as a combination of factors that could be obtained during the initial stage of the patient's visits. The area under the curve (AUC) value for the prediction of hospitalization and discharge by a combination of factors immediately obtained from the visit was 0.611. In addition, using the factors that could be obtained after a certain period, the AUC value of hospitalization and discharge prediction was 0.767. The results of analysis using artificial intelligence were similar to or slightly higher than the AUC value of the Rasch analysis. The prediction of hospitalization and discharge in the ED using clinical parameters with Rasch analysis can be used for medical assistance, which is expected to help in the efficient operation of the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]