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The positioning accuracy of the indoor personnel positioning system is low, which cannot meet the needs of an intelligent transformer substation. Therefore, a wireless positioning method for indoor personnel based on the Elman neural network (ENN) using chaotic whale optimization algorithm (CWOA) was proposed. Firstly, a certain number of sample fingerprint databases were collected by wireless terminals in the wireless network on indoor personnel. Secondly, CWOA was used to optimize the weights and self-connected feedback gain factor of the ENN. Thirdly, the fingerprint database was used to train and test the optimized ENN, and the position algorithm model of the neural network was established. Finally, the real-time position was achieved with the neural network location algorithm model through the fingerprint data of the position point collected by the wireless terminal. The results show that the average position error of this indoor wireless positioning method is 1.24 m; ENN position algorithm by the CWOA has a stronger global search ability and is more suitable for the application in the time-varying indoor environment.

MoS2/Ga2O3 heterostructures with strong intrinsic ferroelectrics are highly promising for novel devices with designed electronic properties.

Ga2O3 is a wide-bandgap semiconductor of emergent importance for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. However, vital information of the properties of complex coexisting Ga2O3 polymorphs and low-symmetry disordered structures is missing. In this work, we develop two types of kernel-based machine-learning Gaussian approximation potentials (ML-GAPs) for Ga2O3 with high accuracy for β/κ/α/δ/γ polymorphs and universal generality for disordered structures. We release two versions of interatomic potentials in parallel, namely soapGAP and tabGAP, for excellent accuracy and exceeding speedup, respectively. We systematically show that both the soapGAP and tabGAP can reproduce the structural properties of all the five polymorphs in an exceptional agreement with ab initio results, meanwhile boost the computational efficiency with 5×102 and 2×105 computing speed increases compared to density functional theory, respectively. The results show that the liquid-solid phase transition proceeds in three different stages, a "slow transition", "fast transition", and "only Ga migration". We show that this complex dynamics can be understood in terms of distinct behavior of O and Ga sublattices in the interfacial layer.

Winter jujube originated from China and had an extremely high nutritional value. In 2021, symptomatic winter jujube fruits were collected from eight locations in Zhanhua District of Binzhou City, Shandong Province. In total, 108 fungal isolates were obtained and grouped into 11 species based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, including Nothophoma quercina (43.52%), Fusarium lateritium (20.37%), Alternaria alternata (12.03%), F. proliferatum (7.41%), F. graminearum (4.63%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (3.70%), Fusarium sp. (2.78%), A. tenuissima (2.78%), Diaporthe eres (1.85%), Nigrospora oryzae (0.93%), and Cercospora nicotianae (0.93%). All fungal isolates obtained in this study showed aggressiveness on detached winter jujube fruits except N. oryzae and C. nicotianae isolates, of which F. proliferatum was the most virulent, while A. alternata isolates, which have been considered the major pathogen of winter jujube fruit rot, showed a relatively low-level virulence in this study. Furthermore, D. eres, F. graminearum, F. lateritium, and an unclassified Fusarium species were first reported as causal agents of winter jujube fruit rot. The typical symptoms of winter jujube fruit rot observed in this study could be distinguished into two types. N. quercina, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium sp., D. nobilis, and F. lateritium isolates caused reddish brown to dark gray lesions on the peel, while B. dothidea, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum isolates caused peel and pulp decay, resulting in red to reddish brown and water-soaked lesions. In addition, haplotype analysis of N. quercina isolates obtained in this study and validly published articles showed that there were 11 haplotypes worldwide; the isolates obtained in the current study were grouped into three haplotypes (Hap 1, Hap 2, and Hap 11), and two of them (Hap 2 and Hap 11) were confirmed as new haplotypes.

Purple Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is widely cultivated in many regions of southern China as an edible tropical fruit with excellent nutritional value and high economic value. In July 2021, postharvest fruit rot was observed on 20-25% of purple passion fruit in several fruit markets of Dehong City in Yunnan Province. Symptoms on infected fruits were irregular, pink-brown, soft, and water-soaked lesions, which enlarged and formed sunken patches with time as well as producing a small amount of white mycelium. To isolate the causal organism, five diseased fruits were collected from different fruit markets. A conidial mass from an individual sorus observed on an infected fruit was isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 50 μg ml-1 of streptomycin, and five fungal isolates were obtained. These isolates were morphologically similar and produced pale pink colonies on PDA for 7 days containing several conidiophores with abundant conidia. Mycelia were hyaline, 2 µm in diameter, and conidiophores were simple or branched (100 to 286 × 1.5 to 2.5 µm, n=50). Conidia were pyriform, ovate, with papillary protuberances at one end. Almost all conidia were two-celled and single-septate (5.8 to 9.1 × 1.7 to 4.9 µm, n=50). The morphology of the fungi resembled Trichothecium roseum as reported previously (Inácio et al. 2011). To further confirm the fungal species, isolate PASF4 was selected for molecular identification by amplifying and sequencing the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) genes. Primers and PCR amplification were described by Fell et al. (2000). Results showed that both the ITS (GenBank accession OL336243) and LSU (OL336242) gene sequences had 100% similarity to T. roseum in NCBI database (MH856757 and MH868278). Maximum likelihood tree was constructed using MEGA 7 (Felsenstein, 1981) based on concatenated sequences (ITS and LSU) of isolate PASF4 and reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that isolate PASF4 belonged to T. roseum clade. Based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, isolate PASF4 was identified as T. roseum (Inácio et al. 2011). To confirm their pathogenicity, healthy purple passion fruits (cv. Tainong-1) were disinfected in 0.5% NaClO solution for 2 min, and then washed with sterile water. After wounding with a sterile needle, the fruits were inoculated by placing mycelium agar plugs on the wounds, and mock inoculation with mycelium-free PDA plugs served as control. Five fruits were used in each treatment. All fruits were maintained in plastic boxes at 25 °C. Disease symptoms appeared after inoculation for 4-7 days on all inoculated fruits, which were similar to those observed in fruit markets. No symptoms were observed on fruits used as control. The Trichothecium isolates were re-isolated from symptomatic fruits thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. Trichothecium roseum has been reported to cause fruit rot of tomato, apple and orange in Pakistan (Hamid et al., 2014) and fruit rot of pepper in China (Lin et al., 2016). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. roseum causing fruit rot on purple passion fruit worldwide, and these data will provide useful information for developing effective control strategies.

Practice makes perfect in almost all perceptual tasks, but how perceptual improvements accumulate remains unknown. Here, we developed a multicomponent theoretical framework to model contributions of both long- and short-term processes in perceptual learning. Applications of the framework to the block-by-block learning curves of 49 adult participants in seven perceptual tasks identified ubiquitous long-term general learning and within-session relearning in most tasks. More importantly, we also found between-session forgetting in the vernier-offset discrimination, face-view discrimination, and auditory-frequency discrimination tasks; between-session off-line gain in the visual shape search task; and within-session adaptation and both between-session forgetting and off-line gain in the contrast detection task. The main results of the vernier-offset discrimination and visual shape search tasks were replicated in a new experiment. The multicomponent model provides a theoretical framework to identify component processes in perceptual learning and a potential tool to optimize learning in normal and clinical populations.