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Self-powered wearable devices with integrated energy supply module and sensitive sensors have significantly blossomed for continuous monitoring of human activity and the surrounding environment in healthcare sectors. The emerging of MXene-based materials has brought research upsurge in the fields of energy and electronics, owing to their excellent electrochemical performance, large surface area, superior mechanical performance, and tunable interfacial properties, where their performance can be further boosted via multi-interface engineering. Herein, a comprehensive review of recent progress in MXenes for self-powered wearable devices is discussed from the aspects of multi-interface engineering. The fundamental properties of MXenes including electronic, mechanical, optical, and thermal characteristics are discussed in detail. Different from previous review works on MXenes, multi-interface engineering of MXenes from termination regulation to surface modification and their impact on the performance of materials and energy storage/conversion devices are summarized. Based on the interfacial manipulation strategies, potential applications of MXene-based self-powered wearable devices are outlined. Finally, proposals and perspectives are provided on the current challenges and future directions in MXene-based self-powered wearable devices., (© 2024 The Author(s). Advanced Materials published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Structural engineering and hybridization of heterogeneous 2D materials can be effective for advanced supercapacitor. Furthermore, architectural design of electrodes particularly with vertical construction of structurally anisotropic graphene nanosheets, can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance. Herein, MXene-derived TiO 2 nanocomposites hybridized with vertical graphene is synthesized via CO 2 laser irradiation on MXene/graphene oxide nanocomposite film. Instantaneous photon energy by laser irradiation enables the formation of vertical graphene structures on nanocomposite films, presenting the controlled anisotropy in free-standing film. This vertical structure enables improved supercapacitor performance by forming an open structure, increasing the electrolyte-electrode interface, and creating efficient electron transport path. In addition, the effective oxidation of MXene nanosheets by instantaneous photon energy leads to the formation of rutile TiO 2 . TiO 2 nanoparticles directly generated on graphene enables the effective current path, which compensates for the low conductivity of TiO 2 and enables the functioning of an effective supercapacitor by utilizing its pseudocapacitive properties. The resulting film exhibits excellent specific areal capacitance of 662.9 mF cm -2 at a current density of 5 mA cm -2 . The film also shows superb cyclic stability during 40 000 repeating cycles, maintaining high capacitance. Also, the pseudocapacitive redox reaction kinetics is evaluated, showing fast redox kinetics with potential for high-performance supercapacitor applications., (© 2023 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Li metal batteries with garnet‐type solid electrolytes have the potential to increase specific energy and power densities of current Li‐ion batteries. Li metal batteries have been hampered by the poor wettability of solid electrolyte with elemental lithium. Here, to resolve the solid garnet electrolyte/Li interface issue, a scalable, cost‐effective, and efficient surfactant‐assisted wet‐chemical strategy is developed. A ZnF2 interlayer coating is applied on Ba and Ta ‐co‐doped Li7La2.75Ba0.25Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 that formed LiF and Li‐Zn alloy upon contact with molten Li. Conformal contact applying a homogenous surfactant‐assisted ZnF2 coating reduced the interfacial resistance from 87 to 15.5 Ω cm2 which enhanced critical current density to a record high value of 5 mA cm−2 at room temperature. Dense and Li2CO3 free garnet solid electrolyte assisted in achieving long‐term stability for 1000 cycles at 1 mA cm−2. Interface stabilized Li/ZnF2‐ solid electrolyte/liquid electrolyte/LiFePO4 cell displayed a 90% capacity retention over 800 cycles at 0.2 C, with Coulombic efficiency of 99% as well as excellent cycle stability at 1 C, with ≈91% of capacity retention for 500 cycles. Using a new design principle for Li anode interfaces, next‐generation power‐intensive and stable solid‐state Li metal batteries can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although cognitive training has been proposed as a possible therapeutic modality for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), most serious games focus on specific tasks. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of narrative video game-based cognitive intervention for MCI. A four-week (± 1-week) mobile game intervention was given to 17 MCI participants (mean age (SD) = 72.8(4.75)). At baseline and post-intervention, the participants received neuropsychological tests and a depression scale. Frontal function was assessed using the Corsi block-tapping test, Color Word Stroop Test, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, Digit Symbol Coding, and Trail Making Test-Elderly's Version; depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. User's compliance and gaming experience were also evaluated. MCI patients showed significant improvements in frontal function, particularly in Digit Symbol Coding (mean ± SD, 0.47 ± 0.49, p = 0.007) and phonemic fluency (mean ± SD, 0.39 ± 0.55, p = 0.024). Each frontal subtest's mean z-score was increased (mean ± SD, 0.44 ± 0.38, p = 0.008). Block span and depression scale remained unchanged. High adherence rates (122.35%) and favorable feedback on the gaming experience indicated that the game intervention's usability boosted patients' motivation and engagement. Our findings demonstrate that narrative game-based cognitive intervention was not only beneficial but also enjoyable for elderly MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), a common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in school-age children and adolescents, can cause epidemics worldwide. In late 2023, the incidence of M. pneumoniae infection among children reached a high level. Methods: We investigated the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of 62 M. pneumoniae isolates obtained from children with pneumonia in Beijing between 2021 and 2023, and analyzed the correlation of antimicrobial susceptibility with molecular characteristics of isolates and clinical manifestations of patients. Results: The resistance rates of M. pneumoniae isolates against erythromycin and azithromycin were both 100% (62/62). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acetylspiramycin (16-membered macrolides) was lower than that of erythromycin and azithromycin. The MIC of azithromycin in 2023 was notably higher compared to 2021 and 2022. No resistance to tetracycline and levofloxacin was observed. Genotypes P1 type 1 and P1 type 2 were identified in 74.2% and 25.8% of isolates, and M4-5-7-2 (61.3%) and M3-5-6-2 (22.6%) were predominant multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) types. The A2063G mutation was present in all isolates (100%). Among the patients, 45/59 cases (76.3%) had severe M. pneumoniae pneumonia, and 14/59 cases (23.7%) presented co-infection. The duration of fever was 12 days (1-30 days) and the fever duration after initiation of macrolide antibiotics treatment was 8 days (1-22 days). Discussion: Our study showed that macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) with high in vitro antimicrobial resistance level may be the causative factor of the M. pneumoniae epidemic in late 2023 in Beijing, China. It is urgent to pay more attention to MRMP and the antibiotics choose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The replacement of non‐aqueous organic electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) in solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SLMBs) is considered a promising strategy to address the constraints of lithium‐ion batteries, especially in terms of energy density and reliability. Nevertheless, few SLMBs can deliver the required cycling performance and long‐term stability for practical use, primarily due to suboptimal interface properties. Given the diverse solidification pathways leading to different interface characteristics, it is crucial to pinpoint the source of interface deterioration and develop appropriate remedies. This review focuses on Li|SSE interface issues between lithium metal anode and SSE, discussing recent advancements in the understanding of (electro)chemistry, the impact of defects, and interface evolutions that vary among different SSE species. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies concerning modified SEI, artificial interlayer, surface architecture, and composite structure are summarized and delved into the internal relationships between interface characteristics and performance enhancements. The current challenges and opportunities in characterizing and modifying the Li|SSE interface are suggested as potential directions for achieving practical SLMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Two-sample Mendelian randomization methods were used to explore the causal effects of cognitive reserve proxies, such as educational attainment, occupational attainment, and physical activity (PA), on biological (leukocyte telomere length), phenotypic (sarcopenia-related features), and functional (frailty index and cognitive performance) aging levels. Results: Educational attainment had a potential protective effect on the telomere length (β = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.08–0.11), sarcopenia-related features (β = 0.04–0.24, 95% CI: 0.02–0.27), frailty risk (β = −0.31, 95% CI: −0.33 to −0.28), cognitive performance (β = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.75–0.80). Occupational attainment was causally related with sarcopenia-related features (β = 0.07–0.10, 95% CI: 0.05–0.14), and cognitive performance (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.24–0.36). Device-measured PA was potentially associated with one sarcopenia-related feature (β = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.25). Conclusions: Our findings support the potential causality of educational attainment on biological, phenotypic, and functional aging outcomes, of occupational attainment on phenotypic and functional aging-related outcomes, and of PA on phenotypic aging-related outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is still no reliable therapeutic targets and effective pharmacotherapy for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). RASD1 is short for Ras-related dexamethasone-induced 1, a pivotal factor in various metabolism processes of Human. However, the role of RASD1 remains poorly illustrated in MASLD. Therefore, we designed a study to elucidate how RASD1 could impact on MASLD as well as the mechanisms involved. Methods: The expression level of RASD1 was validated in MASLD. Lipid metabolism and its underlying mechanism were investigated in hepatocytes and mice with either overexpression or knockdown of RASD1. Results: Hepatic RASD1 expression was upregulated in MASLD. Lipid deposition was significantly reduced in RASD1-knockdown hepatocytes and mice, accompanied by a marked downregulation of key genes in the signaling pathway of de novo lipogenesis. Conversely, RASD1 overexpression in hepatocytes had the opposite effect. Mechanistically, RASD1 regulated lipid metabolism in MASLD through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusions: We discovered a novel role of RASD1 in MASLD by regulating lipogenesis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby identifying a potential treatment target for MASLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary dentine disorders are autosomal dominant diseases that affect the development and structure of dentine, leading to various dental abnormalities and influencing the individual's oral health. It is generally classified as dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentine dysplasia (DD). Specifically, DGI is characterized by the abnormal formation of dentine, resulting in teeth that are discolored, translucent, and prone to fracture or wear down easily. DD is characterized by abnormal dentine development, manifested as teeth with short roots and abnormal pulp chambers, leading to frequent tooth loss. Up to now, the pathogenesis of hereditary dentine disorders has been poorly clarified and the clinical intervention is limited. Treatment for hereditary dentine disorders focuses on managing the symptoms and preventing further dental problems. Genetic counseling and testing may also be recommended as these conditions can be passed on to future generations. In this review, we summarize the clinical features, pathogenic genes, histomorphological characteristics and therapy of hereditary dentine disorders. Due to the limited understanding of the disease at present, we hope this review could improve the recognition of the disease by clinicians, stimulate more scholars to further study the deeply detailed mechanisms of the disease and explore potential therapeutic strategies, thus achieving effective, systematic management of the disease and improving the life quality of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The real-world treatment patterns at medical facilities and their physicians' specialties treating migraine have not been fully investigated in Japan. Therefore, a retrospective cohort study aimed to describe real-world clinical practice and treatment patterns in Japanese patients with migraine according to medical facilities and physicians' specialties. Anonymized claims data of patients with migraine was obtained from JMDC Inc (January 2018-June 2023). Patient characteristics and treatment pattern according to medical facilities and physicians' specialties treating migraine were evaluated. Of 231,156 patients with migraine (mean age [SD], 38.8 [11.8] years; females, 65.3%), 81.8% had the first prescription at clinics (CPs), 42.5% underwent imaging tests, 44.4% visited general internal medicine, and 25.9% consulted neurosurgery at initial diagnosis. Imaging tests were carried out at CPs with specialists (59.4%), hospitals (HPs) with specialists (59.1%), HPs (32.9%), and CPs (26.9%) without specialists. Overall, 95.6% received acute treatment while 21.8% received preventive treatment. At facilities with specialists compared to without specialists, triptans were more frequently prescribed (67.9% vs 44.9%) whereas acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were less frequently prescribed (52.4% vs 69.2%). Preventive treatment use was higher at facilities with specialists (27.4%) than without specialists (15.7%) and increased annually regardless of the type of medical institution. In Japan, only half of patients with migraine visited facilities with specialists at their first diagnosis, and specialists are more likely use migraine-specific and preventive drugs than nonspecialists. Therefore, there is a need for awareness among migraine patients that they should consult specialists and for enhancement of medical collaboration between specialists and nonspecialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secondary lymphedema is a common complication following surgical treatment of solid tumors. Although more prevalent in women due to higher breast cancer rates, men also develop lymphedema, often with more severe manifestations. Despite these differences in clinical presentation, the cellular mechanisms underlying sex differences are poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by inflammatory cells is an important regulator of lymphatic pumping and leakiness in lymphedema and that lymphatic endothelial cells are highly sensitive to nitrosative stress. Based on this rationale, we used a mouse tail model of lymphedema to study the role of nitric oxide in sex-related differences in disease severity. Consistent with clinical findings, we found that male mice have significantly worse tail edema and higher rates of tail necrosis compared with female mice following tail skin/lymphatic excision (p = 0.001). Our findings correlated with increased tissue infiltration of iNOS + inflammatory cells, increased iNOS protein expression, and increased nitrosative stress in male mouse lymphedematous skin tissues (p < 0.05). Importantly, transgenic male mice lacking the iNOS gene (iNOS-KO) displayed markedly reduced swelling, inflammation, and tissue necrosis rates, whereas no differences were observed between wild-type and iNOS-KO female mice. Overall, our results indicate that iNOS-mediated nitric oxide production contributes to sex-based differences in secondary lymphedema severity, emphasizing the need to consider sex as a biological variable in lymphedema research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a crucial concept in modern agriculture, explaining plant defense mechanisms primed by rhizosphere stimuli and activated by subsequent infections. Biological factors contributing to ISR generally include plant growth-promoting microbes3 (PGPM). Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their plant growth-promoting characteristics and ISR effect against above-ground pathogens and insect infestations. These phenomena elucidate the bottom-up effects of how beneficial rhizosphere microbes help plants resist above-ground attacks. Conversely, soil microbiome analysis in the rhizosphere of plants infected by above-ground pathogens has shown increased beneficial microbes in the soil, a phenomenon termed 'soil legacy effects'. This represents the top-down effects of above-ground attackers on plants' rhizosphere environments. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that above-ground stimuli not only recruit PGPM in the rhizosphere but also that these PGPM influence plant defense responses against subsequent pathogen infections. This can be seen as a four-step plant defense mechanism involving above-ground attackers, host plants, rhizosphere microbes, and subsequent attacks. This represents an active defense mechanism that overcomes the limitations of sessile plants. This review summarizes plant ISR mechanisms in terms of triple inter-organism interactions and provides molecular evidence for each step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To establish the occlusal plane, the conventional methods for facial analysis to gain accurate alignment of the occlusal plane are inadequate, while 3D technologies are an ideal diagnostic tool. The aims of this research are to compare the difference accuracy of anatomic landmarks on the occlusal plane and ala-tragus line between the conventional clinical method and 3D image method in both non-orthodontic and orthodontic treatment volunteers. Methods: A total of 44 volunteers (22 non-orthodontic and 22 orthodontic treatment volunteers) with normal occlusion were selected. All volunteers received 2 operative methods for occlusal plane determination. In conventional method, the occlusal plane was defined by the fox plane line. The ala-tragus line was defined by the radio-opaque markers. In the 3D image method, the volunteers were recorded intraoral images, 3D facial images and CBCT images. A 3D virtual picture was created using EXOCAD® software. The occlusal plane was generated by the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the teeth. Both methods, the angles and distances between the occlusal plane and ala-tragus line were measured and compared statistically on both sides of each volunteer. Results: Both volunteers' group, the mean angles and distances between the occlusal plane-ala tragus line in the conventional method were reported to be significantly greater than the 3D method (P < 0.05). The percentage difference of angles in conventional method were reported to be significantly higher by 13.61–21.58% (p < 0.05) compared to the 3D method. The percentage difference of distances in the conventional method were reported to be significantly greater than the 3D method by 4.73–7.51% (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitation of the study, it can be concluded that both conventional and digital methods for establishing the occlusal plane are not parallel to the occlusal plane. The occlusal plane and ala-tragus line in the conventional method and the 3D method were significantly different in terms of angles and distances in both non-orthodontic and orthodontic treatment volunteers. However, the deviation angle of both methods is approximately 13–20 degrees, which is clinically acceptable for occlusal plane establishment. The accuracy of both methods is still within the using in clinical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This systematic review was aimed at addressing the focused question: What is the protective potential of biological agents against alveolar bone resorption during the progression of experimental periodontitis (EP)? Material and Methods: The study protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework database (doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/3P2HY). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase databases up to December 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of preclinical studies in animal models of EP that examined the effects of biological agents on preventing periodontal bone loss and reducing tissue inflammation. Studies were excluded if they (i) used non‐EP animal models; (ii) focused on antimicrobial agents; (iii) centered on prebiotics or probiotics; (iv) evaluated compounds not classified as biologicals; or (v) included randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, or reviews. Eligibility was determined based on the PI/ECOs framework, and study quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk‐of‐bias tool. Results: After screening an initial pool of 5236 records from databases, registries, and hand searches, 39 studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 23 biological agents were evaluated across these studies. The majority of studies employed the ligature‐induced model of EP to test the effectiveness of biologicals as preventive or therapeutic interventions. The dosage of biological agents and the duration of disease induction varied depending on the EP model. In all studies, the main outcome—alveolar bone loss, a hallmark of EP—was significantly inhibited by biological agents, which also reduced proinflammatory mediators when compared to untreated controls. A key strength of this review is the high number of studies included, most of which were classified as having low risk of bias. However, a notable limitation is the absence of a meta‐analysis, the short follow‐up periods in the included studies, and the heterogeneity among the compound dosages and route of administration. Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates that biological agents are effective in reducing bone loss and mitigating inflammation during EP progression. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings in human populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed germination is one of the critical and sensitive stages of early plant growth, and its process is prevented by cinnamic acid (CA). Silicon (Si) plays a critical role in mitigating abiotic stresses and seed germination in plants, but little is known about its role in seed germination and physiology in CA-stressed cucumber. Here, we conducted experiments in the State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University from March to June 2021 to investigate the effects of Si-seed priming on growth, antioxidant capacity, sucrose mobilization and respiratory metabolism during germination under CA stress. Our results showed that seed soaking with Si (9 mmol/L) significantly reduced membrane lipid peroxidation and promoted post-germination growth of cucumber seeds under CA (2.0 mmol/L) stress. Si increased key enzyme activities in sucrose metabolism in CA-stressed seeds after germination, accelerating sucrose degradation and fructose synthesis. Si also enhanced the activities of key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway and pentose phosphate pathway in seeds, as well as in the post-germination tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoting glucose decomposition and ATP synthesis. Principal component analysis significantly separated the CK, Si, and CA + Si treatments from the CA treatment in the first principal component after 48 h of treatment. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis showed that Si induced overexpression of genes related to sucrose and respiratory metabolism in seeds treated with CA for 48 h. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that Si priming may be an effective method to reverse CA inhibition of cucumber seeds, which effectively improve germination under CA stress by attenuating membrane lipid peroxidation and enhancing sucrose mobilization and respiratory metabolism in cucumber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clearance-fit (side-fit) spline joints are a key component in a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in electric submersible pumping wells. The nonuniform spline clearance affects the output performance of a PMSM. A concept for energy conservation is optimized in this study to improve the modeling accuracy of electromagnetic torque. However, most existing computation models are one-way model with a magneto-mechanical simulation. In this study, a more accurate two-way coupling method is presented for simulating the electromagnetic and mechanical characteristics of PMSM. Additionally, importance should be attached to this two-way magneto-mechanical coupling methodology in an actual simulation. The coupled power, electrical and magnetic energy, and electromagnetic torque equations are solved iteratively until convergence for PMSMs with a segmented rotor and a non-segmented rotor. The optimal electromagnetic torque is obtained for different rotor configurations with the change of temperatures and rotational speeds. The results show that the output performance and electromagnetic torque of the PMSM are seriously affected by the effects of two-way magneto-mechanical coupling and nonuniform spline clearance. The proposed two-way coupling model gives more reasonable predictions than other one-way models do, because the power transfer between the electrical and magnetic energy can be modeled more accurately. The self-centralizing performance of clearance-fit splines and the sensitivity to the radial clearance magnitude lead to the reduction of the electromagnetic torque for the PMSM. Additionally, the electromagnetic torques decrease with the enhanced rotor temperatures and rotational speeds. The best rotor temperature and rotational speed are chosen through a comparison of the experimental results, and then the optimal electromagnetic torque is provided to ensure the output performance of the PMSM in electric submersible pumping wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As human development has expanded, so has the prevalence of anthropogenic noise, which can interfere with acoustic channels used by wildlife. However, since landscapes contain natural sources of persistent noise from features such as rivers, animals may be preadapted to cope with novel human‐generated noise. Comparing how animals respond to anthropogenic and natural noise with similar properties can provide insight into how and why animals may respond to increasing noise pollution. Here, we studied whether Mexican free‐tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) alter activity and call features in response to playback of traffic and river noise relative to ambient acoustics. We observed higher call activity during ambient and traffic playback compared with river playback conditions. These findings suggest that T. brasiliensis may select areas based on acoustic properties and not by associating river sounds with more favorable habitat. We also observed that T. brasiliensis modified call duration and frequency in response to river playbacks in a manner consistent with a behavioral switch from foraging to navigating. Overall, we found evidence that temporal patterning of noise may strongly influence bat activity and that signaling in noise may involve trade‐offs among call features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various display devices utilize colloidal quantum dots (QDs) for photoluminescent (PL) and electroluminescent (EL) applications owing to their exceptional optical properties, including sharp emission bandwidths, tunable emissions spectra, and photoluminescence quantum yields approaching unity. Since the commercialization of PL-based devices, researchers have shifted focus to the commercialization of EL-based devices and patterning processes. Over the past decade, the performance of EL devices has been dramatically enhanced through the meticulous optimization of the device architecture. In addition, solution-based QD patterning techniques have advanced, offering methods that minimize damage to the coated QDs while preserving their intrinsic properties effectively. Recent innovations include the development of ink formulations that improve the stability of QDs under ambient conditions and the use of photolithographic and soft lithographic techniques to achieve high-resolution patterning. This article reviews the recent advancements in various EL-based devices and solution-based methods for QD patterning, highlighting their potential to enable more complex, multi-color displays, and their implications for next-generation consumer electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent ligand engineering strategies for indium-based III–V semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), focusing specifically on indium phosphide (InP) and indium arsenide (InAs). These materials have gained significant research interest as active substances compliant with the restriction of hazardous substances directive (RoHS) for advanced optoelectronic applications. Ligands attached to the NC surfaces play critical roles in determining the physical characteristics of the materials, including their structure, size, colloidal stability, electronic properties, and associated optophysical processes. Hence, practical applications of InP and InAs NCs require a good understanding of these ligands. Moreover, recent advances have demonstrated the importance of selecting appropriate ligands for enhancing the electronic and optical performances of InP and InAs NC-based electronic devices such as thin-film transistors, photovoltaic devices, photodetectors, and light-emitting devices. This review highlights the recent progress, technical challenges, and future directions in the context of ligand engineering to realize high-performance InP and InAs NC-based electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of urbanization, a large number of impervious land surfaces are replacing the biologically active surface. Land surface temperature is a key factor reflecting the urban thermal environment and a crucial factor affecting city livability and resident comfort. Therefore, the accurate measurement of land surface temperature is of great significance. Thermal infrared remote sensing is widely applied to study the urban thermal environment due to its distinctive advantages of high sensitivity, wide coverage, high resolution, and continuous measurement. Low-altitude remote sensing, performed using thermal infrared sensors carried by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), is a common method of land surface observation. However, thermal infrared sensors may experience varying degrees of sway due to wind, affecting the quality of the data. It is still uncertain as to what degree angle changes affect thermal infrared data in urban environments. To investigate this effect, a near-ground remote sensing experiment was conducted to observe three common urban land surfaces, namely, marble tiles, cement tiles and grasses, at observation angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° using a thermal infrared imager. This is accompanied by synchronous ground temperature measurements conducted by iButton digital thermometers. Our results suggest that the temperature differences between the remote sensing data of the land surface and the corresponding ground truth data increase as a function of the increasing observation angle of the three land surfaces. Furthermore, the differences are minor when the observation angle changes are not more than 15° and the changes are not the same for different land surfaces. Our findings increase the current understanding of the effects of different angles on thermal infrared remote sensing in urban land surface temperature monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection of hepatitis B (HBV) patients with hepatitis D (HDV) can cause the most severe form of viral hepatitis, leading to liver fibrosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HDV relies on simultaneous infection with HBV for the generation of infectious viral particles. The innate immune response, which is weakly induced in HBV infection, becomes strongly activated upon HDV co-infection. In HBV/HDV co-infection, the immune system comprises a cell-intrinsic strong IFN response, which leads to the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the local activation of liver-resident innate immune cells, and additional immune cell recruitment from the blood. Efficient innate immune responses are indispensable for successful viral control and spontaneous viral clearance. Despite this fact, innate immune cell activation can also contribute to adaptive immune cell inhibition and accelerate liver damage in HBV/HDV infection. While the intrinsic IFN response in HDV-infected cells is well characterized, far less is known about the cellular innate immune cell compartment. In this review, we summarize HBV/HDV replication characteristics and decipher the role of innate immune cell subsets in the anti-viral response in HBV/HDV infections. We further review the impact of epigenetic and metabolic changes in infected heptatocytes on the innate anti-viral response. Moreover, we discuss the potential of exploiting the innate immune response for improving vaccination strategies and treatment options, which is also discussed in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li deposition within lithiophilic–lithiophobic metal carbon fibers is influenced by several structural factors, including electrical conductivity, surface‐bound functional groups, particle size and distribution of the lithiophilic–lithiophobic components, which are significantly affected by the carbonization temperature. To gain a deeper understanding of how these different parameters affect the Li deposition behavior, a detailed analysis of Ag and Cu containing carbon fibers at carbonization temperatures from 500 to 1000 °C is performed. At lower carbonization temperatures, the fibers exhibit an unordered carbon structure with a high concentration of heteroatoms and a lithiophilic–lithiophobic gradient. However, the high electrical resistance at these temperatures impedes Li‐ion interaction with the fibers, leading to the formation of mossy and dead Li. In contrast, higher carbonization temperatures result in the removal of heteroatoms and a more ordered carbon structure. The agglomeration of Cu and Ag particles at these temperatures disrupts the lithiophilic–lithiophobic gradient, causing concentrated Li deposition on top of the fibers. A threshold temperature of 700 °C has been identified for achieving homogeneous Li deposition. At this temperature, the lithiophilic–lithiophobic gradient still exists, and the more ordered carbon structure enhances Li‐ion interaction with the fibers, resulting in stable Li deposition for over 1100 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart Specialisation Strategies (S3) are implemented across European regions. However, investigations into whether S3 initiatives adequately match local knowledge capabilities are very scarce. This work analyses to what extent S3 policies are coherent with the local knowledge space of 164 European regions, respectively. We show to what extent regional S3 policies target 'central' technologies, and to what degree S3 policies also target 'potential' sectors of knowledge production in specific regional settings. Our findings provide a solution for how S3 policies could be designed in the future to overcome the gap between S3 vision and the reality of constraints in regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging field in dentistry. AI is gradually being integrated into dentistry to improve clinical dental practice. The aims of this scoping review were to investigate the application of AI in image analysis for decision‐making in clinical dentistry and identify trends and research gaps in the current literature. Material and Methods: This review followed the guidelines provided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). An electronic literature search was performed through PubMed and Scopus. After removing duplicates, a preliminary screening based on titles and abstracts was performed. A full‐text review and analysis were performed according to predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted from eligible articles. Results: Of the 1334 articles returned, 276 met the inclusion criteria (consisting of 601,122 images in total) and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the included studies utilized convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on dental radiographs such as orthopantomograms (OPGs) and intraoral radiographs (bitewings and periapicals). AI was applied across all fields of dentistry ‐ particularly oral medicine, oral surgery, and orthodontics ‐ for direct clinical inference and segmentation. AI‐based image analysis was use in several components of the clinical decision‐making process, including diagnosis, detection or classification, prediction, and management. Conclusions: A variety of machine learning and deep learning techniques are being used for dental image analysis to assist clinicians in making accurate diagnoses and choosing appropriate interventions in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autologous fat grafting is a widely used technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery for soft tissue augmentation. Despite its advantages, the primary limitation is the unpredictable retention rate of transplanted fat. Recent studies suggest that botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) can enhance fat graft survival by promoting angiogenesis and muscle paralysis. Aims: This review explores the potential of BTX‐A as an adjuvant in autologous fat grafting, providing insights into its mechanisms, benefits, and the need for further clinical validation. Patients/Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Embase. Keywords related to BTX‐A, fat grafting, fat graft survival, and angiogenesis were used. Comparative studies reporting histological changes following BTX‐A application in fat grafting were included. Exclusion criteria involved case reports with fewer than three animals, reviews, and letters. Results: The initial search yielded 108 articles, with seven experimental studies meeting the criteria. These studies demonstrated that BTX‐A enhances fat graft retention by promoting vascularization and adipose‐derived stem cell differentiation. However, these results are mainly based on small animal models. Conclusions: While BTX‐A shows promise in improving autologous fat grafting outcomes, its efficacy and safety in humans need validation through large‐scale clinical trials. Translating these preclinical findings into human trials is crucial to establish standardized protocols and optimize clinical outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing dosage and injection sites, conducting long‐term follow‐up studies, and performing multicenter trials to verify the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Obesity is caused by an imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure. It is a chronic, long-term condition that involves excessive fat accumulation, which can damage health. Fat tissue contributes significantly to metabolism and is also closely associated with resistance to the effects of the insulin hormone. Mammals have the ability to store excess energy in fat cells in the form of triglycerides, which are stored as fat droplets. A mixture of Lactobacillus bacteria is a probiotic preparation that has been shown to help people lose weight in previous studies. In the present study, we tested whether a specific Lactobacillus mixture would prevent obesity in animals when used in combination with a specific plant extract. We found that a 1:1 combination of Lagerstroemia leaf extract and the Lactobacillus mixture inhibited the weight gain and expansion of fat tissue in mice that had been made obese by being fed a high-fat diet. In this study, we describe the anti-obesity effects of a novel combination of Lactobacillus mixture (Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032) and leaf extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L. speciosa) in mice. The administration of the probiotic mixture of HY7601 and KY1032 in combination with the leaf extract of L. speciosa significantly attenuated fat tissue formation and body weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet. The white adipose fat mass, comprising the inguinal and epididymal fat pads, was most effectively reduced when the probiotic mixture and L. speciosa leaf extract was orally administered to the mice in combination. This combination also reduced the mRNA expression of adipogenic genes (those encoding CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and fatty acid-binding protein 4) in inguinal and epididymal white adipose tissue depots and the liver. Finally, the combination of reduced blood glucose concentrations regulated the insulin resistance of high-fat diet-fed obese mice. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the effect of this combination and suggest that using Lactobacillus mixture (HY7601 and KY1032) is as safe as microbial monotherapy, but more effective at preventing obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Income from goats highly depends on prolificacy, which is difficult to improve by traditional breeding methods. The study aimed to identify SNP markers for prolificacy, using a case–control genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 111 genotyped Cameroon native goat (CNG) does, based on the 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip panel. None of the top SNPs reached the significant p-value of 5 × 10−8. The highest p-value was 0.0009. Despite the number of cases being about a quarter of the number of controls, the highest allele frequency of some of the top 20 variants in the cases was indicative of their potential role in the trait. These top variants included the following 15: rs268285661, rs268235169, rs268236449, rs268235135, rs268240394 in Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2 (SGPP2) gene, rs268283635 in Solute carrier family 24 member 2 (SLC24A2) gene, rs268251678 in Androgen-induced gene 1 (AIG1) gene, rs268267018, rs268239617, rs268281364, rs268273029, rs268286941, rs268236144, rs268233233 in CEP126 gene and rs268278159, respectively. Our findings indicate that GWAS enable the identification of some loci within genes, with known biological functions and pathways in human being and mice animal model but far-ranging to what was previously hypothesized and tested in goat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-cancer targeted therapy is a promising approach. However, the identification of target molecules over-expressed in a wide range of tumors remains a significant challenge. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of cell membrane-exposed heat shock protein 70 kDa (mHSP70) on different tumor cells and to develop a nanoscale delivery system based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) that recognizes mHSP70 and uses chitosan core–shell nanoparticles (NPs). Several types of tumor cells (breast, pancreas, colon, prostate cancers, and some lymphomas) expressed mHSP70 as was determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy both in 2D and 3D cultures. Core NPs were formed by chitosan (C) conjugated to allocolchicinoid, which was used as a model drug (D). mAbs (A) targeting mHSP70 were complexed with succinylchitosan and used as NP shells forming final CAD-NPs. These NPs were characterized by size, charge, and functional activity. CAD-NPs were shown to have additional toxicity in comparison with CD-NPs in mHSP7-positive cells. Taken collectively, this study shows that mAb to mHSP70 can be used as a targeting vector in antitumor therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The efficacy and safety of reduced-dose prasugrel (loading dose/maintenance dose: 20/3.75 mg) in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been well-estab-lished. However, long-term real-world data for this population remains limited in Taiwan. Methods: This study enrolled 226 Taiwanese ACS patients (with 448 lesions) who received reduced-dose pra-sugrel after PCI and completed one year of follow-up. Results: The primary efficacy outcome was the in-cidence of MACEs. After one year, the MACE rate was 7.1% (16/226). A comparative analysis of MACEs was conducted across subgroups stratified by age (<75 vs. ≥75 years), body mass index (<25 vs. ≥25 kg/m2), body weight (<60 vs. ≥60 kg), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 vs. ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients with impaired renal function had a 4.03-fold higher risk (95% con-fidence interval = 1.37–11.90, p = 0.01) of MACEs than those with optimal renal function. The primary safety endpoint was major bleeding events (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium types 3 or 5), which occurred in 0.8% (2/226) of patients, all gastrointestinal. The secondary end-point was net adverse clinical events (NACEs), a composite of MACEs and major bleeding, with an observed rate of 8.0% (18/226). Conclusions: Reduced-dose prasugrel demonstrated both safety and efficacy in Taiwanese ACS patients undergoing PCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The in-memory computing (IMC) architecture implemented by non-volatile memory units shows great possibilities to break the traditional von Neumann bottleneck. In this paper, a 3D IMC architecture is proposed whose unit is based on a multi-bit content-addressable memory (MCAM). The MCAM unit is comprised of two 65 nm flash memory and two transistors (2Flash2T), which is reconfigurable and multifunctional for both data write/search and XNOR logic operation. Moreover, the MCAM array can also support the population count (POPCOUNT) operation, which can be beneficial for the training and inference process in binary neural network (BNN) computing. Based on the well-known MNIST dataset, the proposed 3D MCAM architecture shows a 98.63% recognition accuracy and a 300% noise-tolerant performance without significant accuracy deterioration. Our findings can provide the potential for developing highly energy-efficient BNN computing for complex artificial intelligence (AI) tasks based on flash-based MCAM units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared thermography is a non-invasive measurement method that can accurately describe immediate temperature changes of an object. In the case of continuous in vivo hand measurements, extracting correct thermal data requires a first step of image segmentation to identify regions of interest. This step can be difficult due to parasitic hand movements. It is therefore necessary to regularly readjust the segmented areas throughout the recording. This process is time-consuming and presents a particular obstacle to studying a large number of areas of the hand and long duration sequences. In this work, we propose an automated segmentation methodology that can automatically detect these regions on the hand. This method differs from previous literature because it uses a secondary visual camera and a combination of computer vision and machine learning feature identification. The obtained segmentation models were compared to models segmented by two human operators via Dice and Intersection-over-Union coefficients. The results obtained are very positive: we were able to decompose the images acquired via IRT with our developed algorithms, regardless of the temperature variation, and this with processing times of less than a second. Thus, this technology can be used to study the long-term thermal kinetics of the human hand by automatic feature detection, even in situations where the hand temperature experiences a significant variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain-based technology has completely revolutionized the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) framework. This has led to increasing blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles application over the last decade. However, challenges persist, including scalability, interoperability, and security issues. This paper first presents the state-of-the-art overview on IoV systems along with their applications. Then, we explore novel technologies, including blockchain-based IoV and machine learning-based IoV and highlight how the blockchain technology could be integrated with machine learning for intelligent transportation systems in the IoV ecosystem. This paper has shown the potential of machine learning integration in addressing the technical challenges in individual blockchain-based Internet of Vehicles applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the economic importance of maintaining machines, equipment, and production facilities has prompted many scholars to examine various aspects of the maintenance of physical assets. However, the industry continues to face the recurring problem of improving product and equipment maintenance processes. New opportunities for improving these processes arise from Industry 4.0 technologies because they make it possible to realize better solutions to the problem of predictive maintenance. Starting from a Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) architecture as a reference, this paper proposes an abstract framework for predictive maintenance using unsupervised learning models to support decision-making in maintenance programs. From the abstract framework, a predictive maintenance system was developed to enable effective just-in-time maintenance strategies. An unsupervised machine learning algorithm, based on the Gauxian mixtures model, allows us to study the influence on a machine's behavior of a single variable, a group of variables of the same type, and combined variables of different types. The algorithm provides experts with information on which part of the machine they need to focus on to find potential causes of future failures. The case study conducted for an Italian automotive company shows preliminary results on the effectiveness of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Despite the increasing intake of animal-based protein and the growing number of single-person households (SPHs) in Korean populations, no studies have analyzed the relationship of protein intake by source with metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to household type. This study examined the association between protein intake (plant- and animal-based sources) and MetS risk factors in SPH and multi-person households (MPHs) among Korean adults. Method: A total of 12,022 participants aged 30–64 years (SPH: 982; MPH: 11,040) were selected from the 2016–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Protein intake level was defined as the percentage contribution of food source to daily intake, assessed using 24 h recall dietary data. Results: The animal-based protein intake level was slightly higher in SPHs (51.2%) compared to MPHs (49.5%), whereas the contributions of plant sources from vegetables, fruits, and whole grains were higher in MPHs (p < 0.01). The prevalence of MetS and abdominal obesity increased with higher animal-based protein intake levels across all household types. Only in SPHs, each 1% rise in the proportion of animal-based protein was positively associated with increased blood pressure (OR = 1.013, 95% CI: 1.004–1.022). Moreover, the interaction between animal-based protein intake levels and household type was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of elevated triglycerides (TGs) (MPH[Q1] vs. SPH[Q4] OR = 1.51; p for interaction = 0.0335). However, these two risk factors did not show significant association in MPHs. Conclusions: The results suggest that reducing dietary animal protein could help manage MetS risk factors, particularly increased blood pressure, and elevated TGs in SPHs of Korean adults. In conclusion, dietary guidelines that promote a higher intake of plant-based protein over animal-based protein for the health of the SPH population would be valuable from a public health perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases and is characterized by airway inflammation, increased mucus production, and structural changes in the airways. Recently, there is increasing evidence that the disease is much more heterogeneous than expected, with several distinct asthma endotypes. Based on the specificity of T cells as the best-known driving force in airway inflammation, bronchial asthma is categorized into T helper cell 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 asthma. The most studied effector cells in Th2 asthma include T cells and eosinophils. In contrast to Th2 asthma, much less is known about the pathophysiology of non-Th2 asthma, which is often associated with treatment resistance. Besides T cells, the interaction of myeloid cells such as monocytes/macrophages and mast cells with the airway epithelium significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the underlying molecular regulation and particularly the specific relevance of this cellular network in certain asthma endotypes remain to be understood. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulation of and complex interplay between epithelial cells and the "nonclassical" innate effector cells mast cells and monocytes/macrophages in Th2 and non-Th2 asthma with the ultimate goal of providing the rationale for future research into targeted therapy regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xylan (Xyl) were used as raw materials to prepare xylan-mineral complexes by chemical synthesis modified by metal elements, and their physical and chemical properties were determined by the determination of metal element content, ash content, basic chemical composition, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, particle size and viscosity, and their synergistic probiotics were studied by response surface optimization method. Results showed that the Ca content of the xylan-calcium complex (Xyl-Ca) was (7.57 ± 0.03) mg/ g, the Fe content of the xylan-iron complex (Xyl-Fe) was (6.26 ± 0.06) mg/ g, and the Zn content of the xylan-zinc complex (Xyl-Zn) was (3.21 ± 0.02) mg/ g. Metal complexation could reduce the sugar content of Xyl and cause differences in the composition of monosaccharides. The ash content, molecular weight, particle size, and viscosity of xylan and its metal complexes were in the following order: Xyl-Fe > Xyl-Ca > Xyl-Zn > Xyl. The optimal weight ratio of the composite xylan metal complex on the proliferation promotion of triple probiotics was Xyl-Ca:Xyl-Fe:Xyl-Zn = 8.9:9. 8:11.3, and the OD value of the culture medium was 1.125 5. Results suggested that Xyl-Ca, Xyl-Fe, and Xyl-Zn could be used as potential calcium-iron-zinc supplements for functional food and pharmaceutical applications, and were alternative derivatives of prebiotics for improving intestinal health or treating intestinal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effective utilization of hydrogen storage materials (HSMs) is hindered by impurity gas poisoning, posing a significant challenge for large‐scale applications. This study elucidates the poisoning mechanisms of various impurities gases (CO, CO2, O2, Ar, He, CH4, N2) on ZrCo, Pd, U and LaNi5. Impurities gases are categorized into active and inactive types based on their effecting behaviors and mechanisms on the hydrogenation of HSMs. During the hydrogenation process, active impurities chemically poison the hydrogenation reaction by limiting hydrogen absorption at interface, while inactive impurities physically hinder hydrogenation reaction by impeding hydrogen diffusion in hydrogen‐impurity mixed gas. In situ Scanning Tunneling Microscope clarifies these behaviors, and a novel criterion based on hydrogen spontaneous dissociation energy is introduced to explain and predict impurity–substrate interaction characteristics. The novel findings of this work provide a comprehensive framework for designing long‐lived HSMs with poisoning resistance, guiding the development of more resilient hydrogen storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the food web structure of the Xinlicheng Reservoir, a drinking water source of critical importance in Changchun, China, by employing stable isotope analysis (SIA) to quantify the contribution ratios of four basal dietary sources—phytoplankton, zooplankton, sediment organic matter, and particulate organic matter (POM)—to the diets of two key filter-feeding fish species, Hypophthalm ichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis. The analysis reveals that phytoplankton is the dominant dietary source for both species, contributing 32.08% and 34.06%, respectively, whereas the POM contribution is discernably lower (13.25%). The average trophic level of the fish assemblage in Xinlicheng Reservoir is 3.03, while the trophic levels of the two filter-feeding species lie between 3.00 and 3.50. Furthermore, a random forest model was used to identify key environmental drivers of isotopic variations in these basal dietary sources, highlighting the significant role of pH, total nitrogen (TN), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (TP), and silicate ( S i O 4 4 −) in influencing carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios. These findings provide critical insights to optimize biomanipulation strategies aimed at improving water quality in drinking water reservoirs by enhancing our understanding of the environmental factors that govern trophic interactions and broader food web dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-stacking between MXene nanosheets and their fragile mechanical properties are the main reasons for their limited performance during application. This study propounds a surface-initiated strategy to in situ grow flexible polymers on the surface of MXene through covalent interactions to expose more active sites. 3D-stable, porous and self-supported Ti3C2Tx@MPS film electrodes are obtained after assembly. The grown polymer chains successfully enlarge the interlayer size of the MXene nanosheets and enable better participation of the active sites on the surface in the charging and discharging processes. Meanwhile, the –SO3− on the chains could effectively channel electrolyte ions. With the combined effects of stability and porosity, this film electrode demonstrates significant and superior rate properties (1876 F cm−2, 5 mV s−1; 1069 F cm−2, 1000 mV s−1) and remarkable stability in cycling (retaining 93% capacitance after 10 000 cycles). The chemical valence state and atomic structure of the membrane electrode were investigated using synchrotron radiation XAFS technology, while DFT was developed to calculate the evolution of the band structure during composite material synthesis. Furthermore, the mechanism by which Ti3C2Tx@MPS composites enhance active sites utilization was elucidated. In addition, symmetric supercapacitors based on Ti3C2Tx@MPS films achieve a maximum energy density of 80 μW h cm−2 and a maximum power density of 180.4 mW cm−2. This study provides an effective strategy for constructing high specific capacitance MXene-based film electrodes for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Hwa-byung (HB), traditionally observed in middle-aged Korean women, was investigated among the MZ generation in Republic of Korea to investigate its prevalence, associated factors, and perceptions. Methods: An online survey was conducted with 449 Korean adults in the Republic of Korea born between 1980 and 2005. The participants completed questionnaires that assessed HB symptoms, emotional labor, psychological distress, and HB perceptions. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and bivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of HB in the MZ generation was 36.3%. Significant HB predictors included female sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.314), poor subjective health (OR = 3.207), higher HB trait scores (OR = 1.155), depression (OR = 1.145), and state anger (OR = 1.087). Only 44.54% of the participants were aware that HB is a diagnosed mental disorder and 34.97% knew that it could be treated at traditional Korean medicine (TKM) clinics. Despite the limited awareness, 49% expressed interest in TKM treatment for HB, in which acupuncture, herbal medicine, and mind–body medicine are the preferred modalities. Conclusions: This study revealed a high HB prevalence among the MZ generation in the Republic of Korea, which challenges traditional perceptions of this syndrome. These findings highlight the need to reevaluate HB conceptualization and treatment approaches for younger generations. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies, qualitative investigations of the evolving HB cultural context, and the development of targeted awareness and intervention programs to address this significant mental health issue in contemporary Korean society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing the content of inherent capping ligands in perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) is a crucial strategy for enhancing the performance and stability of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). However, the highly dynamic adsorption–desorption state of capping ligands and their detachment from the surface of PeNCs often result in degraded optical properties and the emergence of surface defects. In this study, we investigated the use of benzylphosphonic acid (BPA), an aromatic conductive molecule, for passivation to replace the native capping ligands of FAPbBr3 NCs. Comprehensive characterization results validate that the original long insulative ligands were partially substituted with short conductive phosphine oxide functional groups, effectively passivating the nonradiative defects of FAPbBr3 while enhancing electron injection into perovskite emitting layers. Moreover, this proposed ligand-exchange strategy significantly improved the photoluminescence quantum yield of FAPbBr3 NCs. Consequently, we achieved a high-performance PeLED with an external quantum efficiency of 12.9% at 4660 cd m−2 using BPA-passivated FAPbBr3 NCs. These findings underscore the potential of post-passivated PeNCs via aromatic acid in fabricating high-performance optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology has received continuous attention and facing challenges of transformation because of the growing environmental concern, especially the carbon emissions resulting in global warming. In the Industry 4.0 era, green technology transforms into smart green technology benefits from the convergence with digital technologies. However, little research investigates the role of green and digital technology convergence (GDC) on carbon emission reduction. This study proposes a novel measurement of the GDC level of enterprise based on the network method and examines its pattern and dynamic. Moreover, we empirically analyze the impact of GDC on carbon emission reduction. Results show that GDC has a significant carbon reduction effect. Moreover, GDC reduces enterprises' carbon emissions by improving green innovation quality. Furthermore, an enterprise's technology convergence capability moderates the focal relationship. The heterogeneity analysis results reveal that the carbon reduction effect of GDC is stronger in large, state-owned, non-labor-intensive and heavy-pollution enterprises. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the fusion of greening and digitalization and provide useful insights for sustainable development policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]