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In mobile communication, the most exploratory technology of fifth generation is massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO). The minimum mean square error and zero forcing based linear detectors are used in multiuser detection for MIMO single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SCFDMA). When the received signal is detected and regularization sequence is joined in the equalization of spectral null amplification, these schemes experience an error performance and the signal detection assesses an inversion of a matrix computation that grows into complexity. Ordered successive interference cancelation (OSIC) detection is considered for MIMO SC-FDMA, which uses a posteriori information to eradicate these problems in a realistic environment. To cancel the interference, sorting is preferred based on signal-to-noise ratio and log-likelihood ratio. The distinctiveness of the methodology is to predict the symbol with the lowest error probability. The proposed work is compared with the existing methods, and simulation results prove that the defined algorithm outperforms conventional detection methods and accomplishes better performance with lower complication.

Microplastics are widespread in coastal and marine environments, and sediments serve as a sink for microplastics. In this study, four sediment cores were collected from the Kuala Gula Mangrove area. The abundance of microplastics in mangrove sediments ranged from 25–130 items/kg dry weight. The highest abundance of microplastic was observed at the KG04 site near the mouth of the river. The number of microplastics by sampling site was significantly different (p < 0.01), with station KG04 having the highest fiber content. The dominant color of microplastics was blue, and the main shape was fiber. Rayon, cotton, Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and azlon were observed from FT-IR, indicating that the potential sources of microplastic and fiber could come from household laundry wastewater. Microplastics tended to accumulate in deeper depths at KG01 (p < 0.01), whereas other stations showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). However, this study provides evidence that mangroves can be a trap for microplastics and can be used as baseline data for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperpycnal flows are important agents for transporting detrital sediments from rivers to oceans. Previous studies often assumed that the deposits of flood‐controlled delta fronts would be dominated by graded sand with common hummocky cross‐stratification. This study documents, for the first time, hybrid event beds and plumite deposits inside the succession of a modern delta front. This delta in the Taiwan Strait is fed by the Choshui River, which is considered a highly efficient sediment transport system with individual floods with extremely high suspended sediment concentrations. The deltaic event beds recorded in the core were interpreted as hyperpycnal flow‐generated hybrid event beds and turbidites triggered by hypopycnal flows. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 14C dating, grain‐size analysis and measurements of stable isotopic composition of organic matter were conducted to delineate the depositional process of the recognized beds. The internal subdivisions of the hybrid event beds were differentiated mainly based on sedimentary textures, including cohesive mud content, sand content and sorting. The disorganized portion (division H3) appears internally chaotic and contains large rafted substrate clasts but also displays an upward increase in dispersed cohesive mud from 35% (division H3a) to 50% (division H3b). In contrast, massive H1 divisions are characterized by much lower cohesive mud of ca 8%. The vertical arrangement between depositional facies allows the discrimination of three hybrid event bed types. The stable carbon isotopic composition of the organic matter reveals that the cohesive mud in each division of the hybrid event beds was sourced from marine substrate, rather than supplied by the original hyperpycnal flows. Therefore, the hybrid event beds are generated by energetic hyperpycnal flows, which can delaminate the muddy sea‐floor and incorporate large quantities of substrate fragments. The bulking of erosional hyperpycnal turbulent flow forces flow transformation and generates a more cohesive flow with a turbulent, dense head and trailing bipartite debris flow. The occurrence of hybrid event beds in modern shallow delta front settings is also an important novelty, implying a high density of hyperpycnal flows at the mouth of sediment‐laden rivers as well as the crucial impact of substrate entrainment on the development of hybrid event beds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]