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In international philosophy of music education, there are some philosophers who are important points of reference. One of them is the German Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). While his philosophy is complex, an oversimplified understanding of his ideas turned him into the 'bad guy' of international music education philosophy, being in favor for instance of art for its own sake. His assumed ideas are thought to be the foundation of aesthetic education, in opposition to music education concepts promoting praxis and social change. The prominent role Kant plays leads to questions: Can an eighteenth-century philosopher be blamed for twentieth-century music education concepts and their supposed aberrations? And what did Kant really say? By addressing these and related questions, this paper offers fresh perspectives on Kant's original concept and the role his assumed ideas play in international music education philosophy, aiming at revising some discourses around them. Furthermore, Kant as a case in point, can lead to general considerations about the function of philosophy in music education philosophy. Keywords: music education, philosophy, aesthetic, music for its own sake, Kant, PHILOSOPHY OF MUSIC EDUCATION? In international (or Anglo-American) philosophy of music education, (1) there are at least two philosophers who have been significant points of reference in recent years: Aristotle [...]

I broach the topic of reason by way of a somewhat predictable framing of the issue, namely the pitting of reason against its putative other--madness or unreason. Foucault, in History [...]

In a conversation with Elisabeth Roudinesco, Jacques Derrida questions a certain authoritative tradition of reason, gesturing toward an alternative, skeptical discourse, a deconstructive psychoanalysis, marked by his preference for a [...]

At a time when attention naturally gravitates to the latest idea, practice, or fad fostered by the possibilities of recent technologies and an international mediated music industry driven by popularity [...]

There will be plenty of talk of 'museum quality' work in Maastricht this month--and plenty of chances to test it out, too. Highlights among the museum shows that can be [...]

Has the theory of rationality as 'openness to criticism' solved the problem of 'rational belief in reason'? This is the main question the present article intends to address. I respond to this question by arguing that the justified true belief account of knowledge has prevented Karl Popper's critical and William Bartley's pan-critical rationalism from solving the problem of rational belief in reason. To elaborate this response, the article presents its arguments in three stages: First, it argues that the idea of objective knowledge as justified true belief leads to the equation of objective knowledge with justification. Hence, if we base the theory of critical rationalism, as openness to criticism, upon such a conception of knowledge, our theory of rationality involves in infinite regress of proofs. Second, it argues that Popper describes critical rationalism as an 'irrational attitude' of openness to criticism because the rationalist cannot justify his belief in reason by argument or experience. Thus, since Popper assumes that 'a belief in reason' must be justified in order to be 'rational' he cannot lead to a solution for the problem of rational belief in reason. Third, it argues that, like Popper's critical rationalism, Bartley's pan-critical rationalism originates in the justified true belief account of knowledge, however, not because Bartley defines critical rationalism as irrational faith in reason, but because his theory does not tell us how an 'open' belief in reason is to be refuted logically. The reason for this failure is that Bartley uses Popper's epistemology of science to define the conception of criticism. While Popper and Bartley are recognized as the non-justificationist philosophers of science and rationality, this article tries to reveal that the idea of objective knowledge as justified true belief has prevented them from showing how 'a rational belief in reason' can be defended by argument. The article also briefly shows the consequence of this study for a notable change in the logical foundations of science., Author(s): Masoud Mohammadi Alamuti [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Institute for Management and Planning Studies (IMPS), , Tehran, Iran Introduction In the course of this article, I intend to argue that [...]

Mystery fiction is, by most definitions, linked with morality. Take, for example, the characterization of the genre recently offered by famed mystery editor, collector, and purveyor Otto Penzler. He writes [...]

Lear is a king of accounts. He makes his philosophy clear before even the first scene is out: hearing his youngest and most beloved daughter whisper that she has no [...]

The discovery of the mRNA vaccine against Covid-19 led to a vaccination obligation, that instituted by governments. This obligation, of a legal type has come up against vaccine resistance: that of the governed. Based on this observations, the present contribution, adopting the approach of an applied political philosophy, leads to quick concrete measures to ensure the transition from a vaccination obligation, identified here as a threat, to a perception of vaccination as moral obligation. This without, however, losing sight of the principled dimension inherent in philosophy. In this respect, the horizon of vaccination as non-domination is an illustration of this. Keywords: Covid-19, vaccination obligation, vaccine resistance, legal obligation, moral obligation, non-domination., INTRODUCTION La pandemie de la Covid-19 (1) qui preoccupe tant les pouvoirs publics que le corps medical et bien d'autres secteurs de l'activite humaine, est une espece de point de [...]

It is well-known that Immanuel Kant used Meier's Excerpt from the Doctrine of Reason as a textbook in his logic lectures for almost forty years. Kant himself, and most later scholars, regard Meier as a follower of Wolff and Baumgarten; however, when we compare Meier's Excerpt with Thomasius' Introduction to the Doctrine of Reason, we find that Meier's conception of "learned cognition" is derived from Thomasius' conception of "learnedness." Kant seems to have developed the pre-critical distinction between "the logic of the common and healthy reason" and "the logic of the learned reason" from Meier's distinction between "common" and "learned" cognition, which means that Meier's appropriation of Thomasius also influenced Kant's conception of logic. Connecting Kant's views on logic to Thomasius through Meier in this way reveals that Kant's pre-critical conception of logic was more eclectic than scholars have previously recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects on the conditions in which the categories prescribe laws of understanding and how they are conceived as existing in what is thought. Kant formulates the legal prescriptive character of the categories, their aprioristic character, and their status as a form of thought and a pure concept, opening the possibility of granting them general content as absolute concepts (Hegel) or as an expression of reality (Marx). Categories govern the empirical, magical-religious, artistic, or theoretical appropriation of objects and phenomena. Categorical thought stripped of concepts was formulated and called theoretical reason by Kant, Hegel longs to think with concepts, and Marx builds pure categorical theoretical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text presents fifteen theses on the notion of political rationality, whose origin can be traced back to the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, particularly in the ideal of public use of reason. This project emphasizes the critical examination and justification of norms that can cause a personal impact. Autonomy is regarded as both a condition and a limitation of rules, while the possibility of determining their validity through discourse is acknowledged. The proposal continues a line of interpretation of public reason that Hannah Arendt, John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas developed in contemporary philosophy. It is a free reading of this philosophers, drawing from the essay on enlightenment and the critique of judgment that contain most of the keys for thinking about political rationality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores Immanuel Kant's notion of artistic genius and how it relates to the modern conception of the interrelated ideas of nature and freedom as they appear in his Critique of Judgement. Genius works as a unique concept in Kant's oeuvre, showing how art provides a harmony within what, in Reformational philosophy, they call the 'ground-motive' 'nature-freedom.' The concept of originality as it relates to genius has the potential for an alternative reading to what was held subsequent to Kant and what is still held today, one that puts the emphasis on a certain relationality. Hannah Arendt's conception of freedom and Jacques Derrida's reading of Kant are also relevant. This essay's reading of Kant's genius, defined by its multifaceted network of relational forces, shows a way out of the bind of the binary nature and freedom. By explicating Kant's notion of artistic genius, one is able to better understand art and its function: probing the complex relationship that humans have with themselves and the rest of creation., NATURE AND FREEDOM The purpose of this essay is to address an aspect of human life that may help facilitate a return to creation and strengthen humanity's bond with the [...]

This editorial highlights the remarkable contributions in this JIS volume that explore the arts as a gateway to the transcendentals of beauty, truth and goodness. It focuses on the recurring notions of order, telos, and creativity reflecting the essential attributes of human nature as imago Dei. Apart from the arts as art therapy, how can the arts connect one to the transcendentals? Can homo musicus aspire to self-transcendence? A shining example of music as self-transcendence is the life and times of Tony Bennett, the legendary singer and an American icon of traditional pop, big band, show tunes, and jazz. Bennett's love of music, in particular, transcends his physical limitations engendered by the onset of Alzheimer's in later life., IN SEARCH OF TRANSCENDENTALS This 34th volume of the Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies explores the relationship between the arts and the transcendentals of beauty, truth and goodness. In a postmodern [...]

I show how those with Kantian habits of mind--those committed to maintaining certain kinds of universality in ethics--can still get involved in the project of securing the distinctiveness of Christian ethics by highlighting parts of his moral philosophy that are amenable to this project. I first describe the interaction among James Gustafson, Stanley Hauerwas, and Samuel Wells surrounding the issue of the distinctiveness of Christian ethics, to explain why Kant is generally understood as the opponent of this project in this discourse. Then I lay out his discussions of how his moral argument for postulating divine existence can have beneficial moral-psychological results, and of how we can find moral satisfaction, the sense of pleasure in our moral strivings, as two elements in his moral philosophy that can be turned into a distinctively Christian ethics with revisions that should be allowed within the broad confines of Kantian moral philosophy. I also point out that his own answer to the question of moral satisfaction is already distinctively Christian, in that it is inspired by the Christian tenets of the imputation of righteousness and the assurance of salvation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I The science of reason (Vemunftwissenschaff) established by Immanuel Kant initiated philosophy into a purely immanentist and essentialist domain, one in which the existence of the highest being--God--could be neither [...]

For early childhood educators, few individuals have more historical significance than Friedrich Froebel. Froebelian approaches traveled across the Atlantic and inspired early childhood educators in the United States during the progressive era. Although early childhood professionals in the United States still celebrate the inventor of kindergarten, his vision for early education is inevitably altered when it is interpreted within alternative linguistic, cultural and historical contexts. Authored within this American context, this article aims to recognize Froebel's unique influences and contributions to early childhood education. The article has three parts. First, we resituate Froebel within his original context considering the other influential educational theorists and philosophers in 19th century Europe. We contrast continental, human science pedagogy with the many-sided progressive educational movement in the United States. Secondly, we imagine Froebel in dialogue with a contemporary director of an American early childhood center. This dialogue puts Froebel's philosophy of education in reciprocity with contemporary discourses of policy and practice. We advance an American interpretation of Froebel that considers him much more than a precursor to progressive education. We suggest Froebel provides a uniquely humanizing perspective that is desperately needed within conditions currently dominated by GERM policies. Keywords Continental pedagogy; Progressive education; Froebelian Pedagogy; Froebelian Philosophy; GERM policies, Introduction Contemporary educational practice is besieged by the Global Education Reform Movement (GERM) (Fuller & Stevenson, 2019). Pasi Sahlberg (2012) originally coined the term GERM to describe international trends toward [...]

1 What quarantine meant for most of us was loneliness. Large swaths of it, wrapping us in its gluey layers like papier mâché over a party balloon. So many of [...]

The concept of the universe is used in physical cosmology differently from the usual meaning of the term, naively considered as the entire reality. Traditionally, thinking about the whole led to logical contradictions. Taking as reference the Kantian antecedent, different contemporary philosophical notions of the universe are analysed in the first part of this paper, including realist and constructivist approaches, as well as a notion of the universe as a physical object. In the second part, the specific notion from the standard physical cosmology is discussed. Although modelling the universe as a physical system provides a specific way to define some global properties, the universe as a whole remains empirically inaccessible. Hence, the discussion about the under-determined global properties depends ultimately on philosophical preferences. Under these circumstances, it is argued that the realist interpretation of such properties becomes problematic because it leads to unstable conclusions. Finally, it is argued that the notion of the universe as conceived in standard cosmology is not necessarily consistent with an approach that considers it to be a physical object., Author(s): Raúl Fernández-Cobos [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7821.c, 0000 0004 1770 272X, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, , Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain [...]

The article places Kant’s thinking about republican rule into the larger context of ancient and modern republicanism. Historically, the dual focus is on the anti-monarchical bent of classical and neo-classical republicanism and on the pro-monarchical proclivities of a specifically legalist understanding of republican governance that crucially involves the rule of law. Systematically, the core concern is with the distinction between the general forms of the state and the specific mode of government in the modern sovereign territorial state, as the latter emerges in political thought from Bodin and Hobbes through Montesquieu and Rousseau to Kant and his distinction between an inner or spiritual and an outer or literal republicanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]