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The 10-year renal survival rate in adult-onset IgAN is approximately 80-85%, while the 10-year renal survival rate in patients with childhood-onset IgAN is more than 90% (Fig. Etiology Although the etiology of IgAN remains unclear, mucosal immunity is involved in the etiology of IgAN due to its genetic background and disease progression due to upper respiratory tract infection. Treatment options Tonsillectomy Tonsillectomy is expected to improve urinary findings, including clinical remission, in patients with IgAN with CKD stage G1-G2 and proteinuria of up to 1 g/day. In 2020, the Research for Intractable Renal Diseases of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan established the Committee of Guideline for IgA Nephropathy, which published (A Digest from Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline for IgA Nephropathy 2020) on the website (jin-shogai.jp/policy/index.html). [Extracted from the article]

The flame spread behavior over a filter paper in opposed flow was investigated on the ISS/Kibo, and the results were compared with the flammability map predicted in advance by scale analysis for a two-dimensional flame. The on-orbit experiments were conducted in the solid combustion experimental module (SCEM) as the first combustion test of the FLARE project by JAXA. A filter paper with a length of 130 mm, a width of 40 mm or 20 mm, and a thickness of 0.12 mm was used as the specimen. The opposed flow velocity and the oxygen concentration were varied from 0 cm/s to 25 cm/s, and from 13.5% to 34%, respectively. The ambient pressure is 101.3 kPa. The predicted limiting curve reasonably agreed with the minimum limiting oxygen concentration observed. On the other hand, in extremely slow flows, very robust flames were observed beyond the limiting curve. When the condition reached the limit of two-dimensional flame, the flame front changed from a linear shape to a spherical shape (flamelet) to shorten the preheat zone length, reducing the radiative heat loss to survive. In these cases, the flamelet was sustained for a long time (> 100 s), and a large amount of decomposed gas was released at the periphery of the pyrolysis zone generating a combustible vapor cloud around the spherical flame font. The presence of a long-life robust flamelet and the accumulation of such combustible mist can be fire hazards in microgravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]