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This article provides pedagogical suggestions that encourage teachers to shift their classroom practices away from only considering monolingual/ monocultural modes of authoring to creating spaces for Korean American and other culturally and linguistically diverse students to explore and express hybrid identities., Korean pop music, television dramas, and other forms of Korean / Korean American entertainment, including young adult fiction, have become increasingly popular in the US. Yet little attention has been [...]

Changes in mitochondrial morphology are associated with nutrient utilization, but the precise causalities and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using cellular models representing a wide variety of mitochondrial shapes, we show a strong linear correlation between mitochondrial fragmentation and increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates. Forced mitochondrial elongation following MFN2 over-expression or DRP1 depletion diminishes FAO, while forced fragmentation upon knockdown or knockout of MFN2 augments FAO as evident from respirometry and metabolic tracing. Remarkably, the genetic induction of fragmentation phenocopies distinct cell type-specific biological functions of enhanced FAO. These include stimulation of gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes, induction of insulin secretion in islet β-cells exposed to fatty acids, and survival of FAO-dependent lymphoma subtypes. We find that fragmentation increases long-chain but not short-chain FAO, identifying carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) as the downstream effector of mitochondrial morphology in regulation of FAO. Mechanistically, we determined that fragmentation reduces malonyl-CoA inhibition of CPT1, while elongation increases CPT1 sensitivity to malonyl-CoA inhibition. Overall, these findings underscore a physiologic role for fragmentation as a mechanism whereby cellular fuel preference and FAO capacity are determined.

During the first outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many people expressed hatred toward others whom they believed were responsible for the situation. Such increase in negative affect could be resultant of the better-than-average effect (BTAE), which refers to the phenomenon of believing that one is superior to average others. This study investigated the relationship between the BTAE and emotional valence toward others and tested whether the relationship was moderated by allocentric goals (i.e., concerned with the interests of others rather than themselves) and culture. Participants from the U.S. (N = 210) and South Korea (N = 214) were asked about their perceptions on whether they were better than others at preventing the COVID-19 infection, how they felt about others regarding COVID-19, and for whom they were preventing COVID-19. The results indicated that people showing more BTAE in relation to preventing the COVID-19 infection reported more negative emotional valence toward others, but the relationship was moderated by allocentric goals. In particular, the U.S. participants with higher allocentric goals reported less negatively valenced emotions, while the same was not found in Korean participants. The findings suggest the power of allocentric goals in diminishing the BTAE in some cultures, which may possibly explain the negative emotions some people experience when following social distancing rules., Author(s): Min Young Kim [sup.1] , Kyueun Han [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412091.f, 0000 0001 0669 3109, Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, , Daegu, South Korea (2) grid.263136.3, 0000 0004 [...]

The role of emotions in all stages of the moral decision-making process has previously been addressed. Little attention, however, has been paid to how the decision-making process is altered when dissimilar types of emotions are suppressed. In four studies, we investigated the effects of suppressing guilt and suppressing shame on the moral decision-making process. Overall results indicate that suppression of guilt and shame influences each of the three stages of the moral decision-making process-judgment, intention, and behavior-differently. In particular, suppressing guilt influenced the three stages consecutively in the moral decision-making process. In contrast, suppressing shame directly influenced moral behavior without traveling through the stages of moral decision-making consecutively. Our results imply distinctive characteristics of guilt and shame-not only in their generative processes but also in their consequences, as well as in the stages of moral judgment, intention, and behavior-when they are suppressed. This finding has important implications for moral psychology, as it points toward a previously overlooked mechanism linking emotions to the moral decision-making process., Author(s): Kyueun Han [sup.1] , Min Young Kim [sup.2] , Young Woo Sohn [sup.3] , Young-Hoon Kim [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.263136.3, 0000 0004 0533 2389, College of Kyedang General [...]

In this study, we demonstrate the emergence of NO2 gas sensing capabilities in the typically non-active NiWO4, a strongly correlated electron system (SCES), by introducing substitutional Fe at the Ni site. NiWO4 typically exhibits strong Coulombic repulsion between Ni atoms, resulting in a large band gap of over 3.0 eV and insulating behavior. This correlated behavior is clearly reflected in the significant increase of band gap when considering the Hubbard U correction for the cations, bringing the theoretical value closer to the observed value. The single-phase Fe0.5Ni0.5WO4 displays a notable shift in the [NiO6] symmetric vibration mode and an increase in magnetization. Additionally, theoretical calculations confirm the preservation of the wide band gap, with the Fe and O levels generated within the band gap. These findings indicate that Fe located in the Ni sites modulate Coulombic repulsion in NiWO4 SCES insulators. Unlike the poor gas-sensing performance of intrinsic NiWO4, Fe0.5Ni0.5WO4 exhibits a significant NO2 response (Rg/Ra) of 11 at 200°C than other gases and a limit of detection (LOD) of 46.4 ppb. This study provides a pathway for realizing gas-sensing performance in strongly correlated electron insulators with large band gaps through the introduction of dopant levels at the cation sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure worsens chronic respiratory diseases through oxidative stress and inflammation. Perilla frutescens (L.) has potential respiratory protective properties, but the impact of growth stages on its beneficial metabolites is unclear. We aimed to evaluate how different growth stages affect phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polycosanols in perilla seeds and flowers and their efficacy in countering PM2.5-induced damage. Perilla seeds and flowers from five varieties at 10, 20, 30, and 40 days post-flowering were analyzed for metabolite content. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and respiratory protective effects were tested in RPMI 2650 cells. Our findings indicated that perilla flowers contained higher levels of functional components than seeds and exhibited significant variation with maturation. Phenolic acids of perilla flowers were highest at the early stages of maturation after flowering. However, individual flavones of perilla flowers were the highest at the late maturation stages after flowering. Extracts from perilla flowers harvested 20 days after flowering exhibited significant respiratory protection, effectively inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, mucus secretion, and oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, the flower parts of perilla, particularly those harvested 20 days after flowering, are useful materials for obtaining phenolic compounds, including rosmarinic acid, with high antioxidant and respiratory enhancement effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been employed in various applications as a clean power source. In particular, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) using non-flammable organic solid electrolytes have attracted extensive interest because they have increased safety and energy density compared to conventional LIBs. Among the many building blocks in an ASSB, the current collector is a bridging element between the LIB electrodes and external circuits and has been developed to achieve enhanced performance in terms of maximum capacity, rate capability, and cycle stability. However, controllable, reproducible, and efficient current collectors have yet to be developed without using complex and costly methods. Herein, we report three dimensional (3D) current collectors for a cathode electrode in ASSBs using an eco-friendly sustainable fabrication method without generating environmentally toxic or harmful chemicals. The 3D hybrid current collector was prepared by bar-coating a 1.5 μm-thick conductive layer with cellulose-SWCNT (C-CNT) nanocomposites on a conventional aluminum (Al) foil. The dispersed C-CNT aqueous solution was fabricated from natural pulp and SWCNT powder using a high-power shaking process. Structural analysis of the dried C-CNT films confirmed that the entanglement and dispersion of C-CNT nanowires determined the mechanical and electrical properties. Moreover, the generated 3D porous structure with the randomly entangled nanowires increased the surface roughness of the C-CNT layer, resulting in improved contact resistance and adhesion bonding strength to the solid-sate cathode active materials in an ASSB. Compared with cells based on a flat Al current collector, the ASSB using a C-CNT layer of 23 wt% SWCNTs (apparent density of 1.16 g cm−3 and electrical conductivity of 180.4 S cm−1) achieved 20% increased discharging capacitance at a C-rate of 0.1C, 163% increased capacity retention at a high C-rate of 1.0C, and 36% increased cycle stability after a 100 cycle test at 0.33C. In addition, the influence of a 3D microstructure on a current collecting layer using C-CNT nanocomposites was carefully analyzed using an adhesion test, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their potential as next-generation energy storage devices, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have not been widely developed because of the low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes and the high interfacial impedance with electrodes. This study addressed these issues by enhancing the electrochemical properties through composition control. A composite solid electrolyte (CSE) was fabricated using Li6.5Ga0.2La2.95Rb0.05Zr2O12 (Ga–Rb-doped LLZO) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with various compositions. The results demonstrated high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability when the weight ratio of Ga–Rb-doped LLZO to PEO was 6:4. These characteristics effectively mitigated Li dendrite formation and ensured excellent interfacial stability. Notably, LiFePO4/CSEs/Li full cells retained 92.3% of their initial capacity after 100 cycles at a 0.3 C rate. This study will promote the research and development of practical ASSBs incorporating LLZO solid electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]